Cheza Blackbody ndiponso

Likutchedwa thupi wakuda monga chifukwa zimatenga onse kugwa pa iye (kapena m'malo iwo) cheza mu sipekitiramu zooneka ndi kupitirira. Koma ngati thupi si usavutike, mphamvu ali kachiwiri panamveka kumbuyo. cheza Izi panamveka ndi bungwe wakuda, ndi a chidwi. Zoyesayesa loyamba kuphunzira katundu sanatsatiridwe ngakhale pamaso pa zikamera wa chitsanzo yokha.

Mu zaka za m'ma 19, Dzhon Lesli ayesa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mwamwayi, osati wakuda mwaye zimatenga chochitika onse pa kuwala kwake kuonekera. Iye ankalankhula mu osiyanasiyana infuraredi ndi wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa ena, mankhwala mbandakucha. Zinali kutentha cheza chosiyana ndi zina zonse katundu angapo. The cheza blackbody mgwirizano, homogeneous, palibe kusintha mphamvu ndipo zimadalira pa thupi kutentha. Pa kutentha mokwanira mkulu wa chinthu la cheza matenthedwe ndi kuwoneka, ndiyeno thupi aliyense kuphatikizapo blackbody ndi amapeza mtundu.

Izi chinthu lapadera limene limatulutsa yekha wina mtundu wa mphamvu, sakanakhoza kulephera kukopa tcheru. Popeza tikulankhula cheza ikukhudzana ya mitunduyi woyamba ndi ziphunzitso mmene sipekitiramu Chioneke motero, wakhala akufuna mu chimango yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe. yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe chakale angaone pa zimene timaganiza ayenera ikhala cheza pa kutentha inayake, imene malangizo ndi mmene kudzalimbikitsa pa Kutentha ndi kuzirala. Komabe, analephera kulosera mmene kufalitsidwa mphamvu mu sipekitiramu wa blackbody pa mlengalenga ngati kuwala zonse, ndipo makamaka mu ultraviolet osiyanasiyana.

Malinga ndi mfundo yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe yapamwamba, mphamvu akhoza panamveka ndi mbali iliyonse, kuphatikizapo aang'ono ngati akufuna. Koma ndi thupi wakuda kuti zimatulutsa pa mlengalenga ngati kuwala yaifupi, mphamvu za ena particles ake ayenera kukhala waukulu kwambiri, ndipo izo akanapita osawerengeka m'munda wa mafunde kopitilira muyeso-yochepa. Kwenikweni zimenezi sizingatheke, panali osawerengeka ku maikwezhoni ndi amatchedwa ngoziyo ultraviolet. Only chiphunzitso Planck kuti mphamvu zikhoza panamveka mu zigawo apawokha - quanta - anathandizidwa kuthetsa mavuto. Today yopezeka m'zinthu zachilengedwe maikwezhoni milandu wapadera wa maikwezhoni wa kwadzidzidzi sayansi.

Poyamba thupi wakuda ankayimiridwa ngati M'mimbamo ndi kutsegula yopapatiza. Cheza kunja limalowera mu chotero M'mimbamo ndi chosakanikirana ndi mpanda. Pa sipekitiramu cheza, amene ayenera kukhala thupi wakuda, mu nkhani iyi, ofanana ndi umuna sipekitiramu wa phanga pakhomo, una bwino, zenera mu chipinda mdima, ntsiku ya dzuwa, etc. Koma koposa zonse naye makulidwe womwewo wa dziko mayikirowevu maziko cheza cha chilengedwe ndi nyenyezi, kuphatikizapo dzuwa.

Tikhoza kunena kuti kwambiri chinthu makamaka a particles ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zambiri izo amafanana cheza blackbody. mphamvu yogawa pamapindikira mu sipekitiramu wa blackbody ndi amasonyeza regularities zowerengera mu dongosolo la particles, ndi kusiyana kokha kuti mphamvu imafalikira mu mogwirizana kwa apawokha.