Chifukwa chiyani sikuli kwanzeru kuopa imfa?

Nkhani yomwe ikusonyezedwa mu mutu wa nkhaniyi idzafotokozedwa kanthawi pang'ono. Choyamba, muyenera kuganizira za nkhaniyi, khalidwe lalikulu la Rachel Dolezal. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti pulezidenti wakale wa Spokane (Washington), komanso mtsogoleri wa National Association for the Development of People Colors, ndi chinyengo. Ena amakhulupirira kuti Dolezal ndi wosiyana ndi Caitlin Jenner, mtsikana wazaka 65 yemwe amadziwika kuti Bruce Jenner ndipo anali mwamuna. Kusiyana kokha pakati pa anthu awiriwa ndi kuchuluka kwa momwe anthu alili okonzeka kulandira zomwe amapereka.

Mbiri Dolezal

Pamene choonadi cha Dolezal chinawululidwa, mbali zonse ziwiri zinatsutsana wina ndi mzake molimba mtima komanso mwakhama. Komabe, mbali yochititsa chidwi kwambiri ya chisokonezo ichi ndi momwe kupotoka ndi kukhudzidwa kunali umunthu poyerekeza ndi mbiri yachilendo ya "kusamvana" kwa mkazi mmodzi. Anthu onyenga ndi otukumula amavala masikiti osiyanasiyana kuti adziwonetse okha kumbali yomwe ingakhale yopindulitsa kwa iwo, ndipo Dolezal anasankha kudziwika kwa mtundu wake kuti athandize Howard University, ndiyeno wina ayambe ntchito yake pophunzira. Ngati mungathe kunena choncho, iyi ndi nkhani ya mtundu wonyenga, yemwe ali ndi nkhope ziwiri. Koma bwanji chifukwa chophatikizika ndi khalidwe loipitsitsa pankhani ya mpikisano?

Kodi ali bwino?

Anthu omwe amanena kuti Dolezal ndi amene amachititsa kuti asagwiritse ntchito zomwe munthu wina ali nazo zingakhale zolondola. Ndipo chinyengo chake chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi mwayi wosayera wa oyera. Komabe, zifukwazi zimachokera ku chidziwitso cha umunthu, zomwe zingakhale zonama ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimapangitsa kuti anthu azivutika kwambiri ndi imfa yawo kuposa momwe ayenera kukhalira.

Choyenera ndi ziweruzo zake

Derek Parfit, katswiri wa nzeru za ku Oxford, amaganiza kuti kudzikonda kwa anthu kumachokera ku kulakwa kwakukulu. Njira yachilengedwe yomwe anthu amawamasulira kuti ndi yeniyeni ndi yeniyeni, yozama komanso yosasunthika ya makhalidwe abwino omwe asungidwa kwa zaka zambiri. Kotero pamene muyang'ana zithunzi zanu zachinyamata, mukhoza kutanthauzira maonekedwe ena monga nkhope ya khalidwe kapena khalidwe lina lomwe muli nalo panopa, kapena ngati chiwonetsero cha mzimu wanu. Dolezal akunena kuti amagwiritsa ntchito bulauni, osati pichesi choko, pamene adadzijambula yekha ali mwana. Iyi ndiyo mfundo yonse ya chiphunzitso ichi.

Kapena, mwachitsanzo, mukamaganiza kuti mutatha zaka khumi (makumi khumi ndi makumi anai), muli ndi chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha momwe mungayang'anire - uyu ndi munthu amene adakumanapo ndi atsopano, koma nthawi Kwa inu za malingaliro osadziwika. Chinsinsi chodziwonetsera nokha tsopano poyerekeza ndi "wekha" m'mbuyomu kapena m'tsogolo ndikumvetsetsa kuti anthu onsewa ndi amodzi. Ndinu nokha m'moyo wanu wonse. Mudzadutsa mumsampha zovuta komanso zovuta, mukhoza kukhala ndi chidziwitso chosintha, koma mutsalabe kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto.

Zapadera za Parfit theory

Parfit akuona kuti njirayi ndi yolakwika. Makhalidwe anu safunikira kuti agwirizane. Zaka ziwiri, zaka makumi awiri, zaka makumi anayi ndi makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu zakubadwa mukhoza kukhala ndi malingaliro ena (malingaliro, zilakolako, zokonda, zilakolako) ndipo mukhoza kunena momasuka kuti umunthu wanu umagwirizana. Koma chifukwa chakuti kusintha kwa thupi m'thupi kumachitika, vuto la kukumbukira ndi kusintha kosiyanasiyana kumachitika, sikungakhale kwanzeru kudziganizira nokha ngati munthu mmodzi yemweyo akudutsa nthawi. Izi ndi mndandanda wa umunthu wokhudzana ndi ena, osati munthu mmodzi.

Kodi mungagwirizane bwanji ndi nkhaniyi?

Tangoganizani kuti Dolezal ali womasuka m'mawu ake kotero kuti amamva ngati munthu wakuda ndipo sadagwiritse ntchito kayendetsedwe kokha phindu kapena phindu lililonse. Bwanji ngati iye akumvadi "wakuda"? Nchifukwa chiyani sitingaganize kuti malingaliro osiyanasiyana m'moyo wake, monga abale ndi alongo anayi wakuda, komanso mwamuna wakale wamtundu wakuda, adachititsa kuti adziwone ndi munthu wakuda? Kodi n'chifukwa chiyani zochita zake zimayesedwa kuchokera ku chibadwa? Kodi izi sizikuwoneka zachilendo m'nthaŵi pamene mpikisano ukuwoneka osati monga chowonadi, koma monga chikhalidwe cha anthu? Nkhaniyi siyikulingalira Dolezal kwa yemwe amamverera, koma chifukwa chachinyengo chachinyengo (ngati icho chitachitika), koma nkhaniyi ndi yosiyana kwambiri. Ndiyo nthawi yokwaniritsa lonjezo ndikubwerera ku mutu. Kodi lingaliro la Parfit lingadziwe bwanji kuti munthu aziopa imfa?

Choyenera ndi khalidwe la moyo

Parfit akuvomereza kuti anthu ena akhoza kukhala opsinjika mtima ndi okwiyitsidwa ndi kuzindikira kuti wina ali ndi mzimu wolimba. Komabe, Parfit mwiniyo amaganizira lingaliro lotero "kumasula ndi kutonthoza." Iye akulemba kuti: "Poyambirira ndinasungidwa ndekha. Moyo wanga unkawoneka ngati galasi lamagalasi, momwe ndinasamukira mofulumira komanso mofulumira chaka chilichonse, ndipo kumapeto kwa ngalandeyi kunali mdima wokha. " Koma patatha zaka zambiri zinthu zinasintha: "Nditasintha malingaliro anga, makoma a ngalande ya galasi anadzidzidzimutsa. Ndimakhala panja. Mwachibadwa, pali kusiyana pakati pa moyo wanga ndi miyoyo ya ena. Koma zikuchepa. Anthu ena ayandikira. Sindikudera nkhawa za moyo wanga wam'tsogolo ndipo ndimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi moyo wa ena. "

Choyenera ndi khalidwe lakufa

Kodi Parfit amawoneka bwanji kuti afa tsopano? Iye akulemba kuti, malinga ndi zomwe iye ankawona kale, iye ankasamala kwambiri za imfa yake yomwe yayandikira. Pambuyo pa imfa yake, sipadzakhala munthu pa dziko lapansi amene akanakhala wake. Koma tsopano iye akhoza kuyang'ana pa mfundo iyi kuchokera kumalo osiyana. Ngakhale mtsogolo mmoyo wake padzakhala malingaliro ambiri, palibe ngakhale imodzi yomwe idzakhala yofanana ndi ino. Chotsatira chake, imfa ya munthu wina ndikumangokhala osagwirizana ndi zomwe akuyembekezera m'tsogolomu. Ngati muyang'ana vutoli kuchokera kumbali iyi, imfa imakhalanso yovuta, ndipo palibe chifukwa chochitira mantha.