Chiphunzitso cha egoism zomveka: malongosoledwe, chofunikira ndi mfundo zofunika

Pamene nzeru kukambirana akuyamba anakhudzidwa ndi chiphunzitso cha egoism zomveka, involuntarily pops labambo Chernyshevskogo N. G., Mipikisano faceted lalikulu wolemba, katswiri wa nzeru mbiri, zinthu zakuthupi wunika. Didenko ali odzipereka zabwino zonse - umboni khalidwe, kulakalaka kwambiri ufulu, maganizo ndi zomveka. Chiphunzitso cha zomveka egoism Chernyshevskogo - ichi ndi chinthu china mu chitukuko cha nzeru.

tanthauzo

Pansi egoism zomveka ayenera kuzindikiridwa nthanthi malo omwe amapereka kwa wina ndi wapamwamba kuposa munthu zofuna zawo pa zofuna za anthu ena ndi anthu onse.

Funso ndi lakuti: kodi zomveka egoism isiyana ndi kudzikonda kwa moyo kuzindikira kwake? Gululi egoism zomveka amati ndi egoist akuganiza yekha. Ngakhale zomveka egoism opanda pake kunyalanyaza umunthu ena, ndipo sizili mtima wofuna zonse, koma zikuoneka ngati lalifupi woona, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale monga kupusa a.

Mu mawu ena, zomveka chodzikonda angatchedwe luso moyo zofuna zawo maganizo, wankhani maganizo a ena.

A mbiri pang'ono

Zomveka egoism ayamba kutuluka ngakhale kalelo, pamene Aristotle anamutengera udindo wa mmodzi wa zigawo zikuluzikulu za vuto ubwenzi.

Komanso, pa French Education, Helvétius kuganizira wodzikonda wololera ngati n'zosatheka coexistence watanthauzo bwino pakati wodzikonda chilakolako anthu ndi ubwino chikhalidwe.

Kafukufuku tsatanetsatane wa nkhaniyi anali Feuerbach L. Malinga ndi iye, ukoma anthu zochokera wokhutira ku wosangalala munthu wina.

Kuphunzira bwinobwino ndi chiphunzitso cha egoism zomveka analandira Chernyshevsky. Izo zinali zochokera kutanthauzira egoism munthu ngati mawu a zofunikira wonse wa anthu. Pachifukwa ichi, ngati anakumana makampani, mabungwe ndi anthu amakonda yotsirizira ayenera kupambana.

maganizo Chernyshevskogo

njira zawo nzeru zapamwamba ndi wolemba anayamba ndi Hegel, kuti zonse tili iye yekha basi. Kutsatira nzeru za Hegel ndi malingaliro a Chernyshevsky koma anakana conservatism wake. Ndi kukhala bwino mabuku ake oyambirira amayamba kukana izo zikuwoneka ndipo amaona mu nzeru ya Hegelian wa kuipa mosalekeza:

• Mlengi mfundo Hegel akhali na mzimu mtheradi ndi lingaliro mtheradi.
• Maganizo ndi lingaliro anali magulu a galimoto chitukuko.
• Hegel a conservatism ndi kudzipereka kwake ang'onoang'ono-absolutist dongosolo la dziko.

Chifukwa, Chernyshevsky anayamba kutsindika ambiguity chiphunzitso Hegel ndi kum'dzudzula monga nzeru zapamwamba a. Science wapitiriza kusintha, ndi nzeru Hegel kwa amaidziwa wakale ndipo zilibe tanthauzo.

Hegel - Feuerbach

Sakukhutitsidwa ndi nzeru za Hegelian Chernyshevsky anatembenukira kwa ntchito za Ludwig Feuerbach, amene kenako anamupanga iye nzeru zapamwamba kutchedwa mphunzitsi wake.

M'nkhani yake yakuti "Chikristu," Feuerbach limanena kuti chikhalidwe ndi maganizo a anthu osiyana ndi mzake, ndi chipembedzo apamwamba olengedwa ndi kuganiza anthu, ndi chinyezimiro alili munthu mwini. chiphunzitso Izi kwambiri anauziridwa ndi Chernyshevsky, ndipo anapeza kuti pire pikhafuna iye.

Ngakhale mu ukapolo, iye analemba kuti ana ake za wangwiro nzeru za Feuerbach , ndi kuti anali wotsatira ake okhulupirika.

Akamanena za chiphunzitso cha egoism zomveka

Chiphunzitso cha zomveka chodzikonda ntchito Chernyshevsky anauzidwa ndi chipembedzo, makhalidwe ndi chomwe zamulungu. Malinga ndi wolemba, munthuyo amakonda yekha. Ndipo kudzikonda imalimbikitsa anthu kuchitapo kanthu.

Nikolay Gavrilovich ntchito zake zikusonyeza kuti zolinga za anthu sangaonekerenso makhalidwe osiyanasiyana, ndipo lonse ya anthu akufuna kuchita pa imodzi ya chilengedwe, monga mwa lamulo lomwelo. Dzina la chilamulo ichi - zomveka egoism.

chilichonse chimene anthu n'zochokera m'malingaliro a munthu pa phindu lake lenileni ndi moyo. Mwachitsanzo, zomveka chodzikonda tinganene kuti ngati anthu nsembe moyo wake chifukwa cha chikondi kapena ubwenzi, chifukwa cha chidwi. Ngakhale zimenezi ndi ndi munthu mawerengedwe ndi kung'anima kudzikonda.

ndi chiphunzitso cha egoism zomveka monga Chernyshevsky chiyani? Popeza kuti munthu zofuna za anthu si osemphana ndi anthu ndipo si zotsutsana iwo, kupindulitsa ena. Only mfundo zimenezi anavomera ndipo anayesa kusonyeza kuti olemba ena.

Chiphunzitso cha egoism zomveka mwachidule analalikira Tchernyshevskiy monga chiphunzitso cha "anthu atsopano."

Cholinga chenicheni cha chiphunzitso

Chiphunzitso cha egoism zomveka amayankha phindu la ubale wa anthu ndi kusankha anthu kopindulitsa kwambiri. Ku maganizo a chiphunzitso, kusonyeza kusadziona kukhala wopambana ena ndi chikondi ndi tanthauzo mwamtheradi. Iwo kutanthauza okhawo makhalidwe amenewa, zimene zimabweretsa phindu kulima, ndi zina zotero. N.

Pansi egoism zomveka kumvetsetsa luso kupeza malo pakati maluso athu ndi zosowa za ena. Komanso, aliyense ndi chokhazikika pa kudziletsa chikondi. Koma ndi maganizo, wina azindikira kuti ngati pali kuganiza yekha, pomwepo maso ndi yaikulu zosiyanasiyana za nkhani kufuna yekha kuti zosowa munthu. Motero, anthu anabwera ku zofooka munthu. Koma zimenezi zichitike, osati chifukwa chokonda anthu ena, koma chifukwa cha kudzikonda chikondi. Choncho, Pankhaniyi m'pofunika kulankhula za egoism zomveka.

Chiwonetsero cha chiphunzitso cha buku la "Kodi ndichite chiyani?"

Popeza ganizo lalikulu ndi chiphunzitso cha Chernyshevsky anali moyo mu dzina la munthu wina, ndiye zimene ogwirizana mawonekedwe a buku lake "Kodi ndichite chiyani?".

Chiphunzitso cha zomveka chodzikonda mu buku "Kodi ndichite chiyani?" Asonyezanso kanthu kalikonse, onse mawu koyenela, kufunika chithandizo mwagwirizana ndi yobweretsa anthu pamodzi. Ngwazi za buku ndi chimene zikugwirizana. Gwero la chimwemwe kwa iwo - kutumikira anthu ndi bwino chifukwa ndilo tanthauzo la moyo wawo.

Mfundo za chiphunzitso zimagwira ntchito ndi moyo a anthu otchulidwa. Chernyshevsky anasonyeza bwanji kuti amakonda kwathunthu chidawoneka nkhope poyera munthu.

Man chathu sichinaphunzitsidwe zingaoneke moperewera kudzikonda kwa buku Maria Alekseevna heroine ali pafupi kwambiri ndi kudzikonda kwa "anthu atsopano." Koma chofunikira ake ali yekha kuti umalimbana zimachita ubwino ndi chimwemwe. Chokhacho phindu la munthu ayenera kukumana ndi chidwi anthu, kuzindikiridwa ndi zofuna za anthu ntchito.

Lonely chimwemwe kulibe. Chimwemwe munthu wina chimadalira pa chimwemwe chonse ndi ubwino onse m'dziko.

Chernyshevsky monga nzeru zapamwamba konse kumbuyo kudzikonda mwa tanthauzo lake mwachindunji. Zomveka egoism ngwazi za buku akutha ubwino wake kuti athandize anthu ena. Mwachitsanzo, kumasuka Vera chipsinjo zoweta, kumasula izo kuchokera kufunika kukwatira Osatinso chifukwa ndi kuonetsetsa kuti iye amakonda Kirsanov, Lopukhov zipita mithunzi. Ichi ndi chitsanzo chimodzi cha mawonetseredwe a egoism zomveka mu buku Chernyshevsky a.

Chiphunzitso cha egoism zomveka - maziko nthanthi ya buku, kumene palibe malo kudzikonda, umbombo ndi anthu azikhala. Likulu la buku ndi munthu, ufulu wake, ubwino wake. wolemba Zimenezi zimatikumbutsa kusiya hoarding zowononga Pofuna kukwaniritsa woona anthu azisangalala, ziribe kanthu momwe zinthu chokhwima kapena wolemedwa moyo wake.

Ngakhale buku linalembedwa mu zaka za m'ma 19, maziko ake ali applicable masiku ano.