Classic - ichi ... Kapena oimira yowala mabuku Russian chakale

Nthawi zambiri timamva mawu akuti "chakale" kapena "tingachipeze powerenga". Koma amene anapatsa tanthauzo la mawu?

Classic - izi ndi ...

Mawu "tingachipeze powerenga" ali ndi matanthauzo angapo. otanthauzira kwambiri Monolingual mmodzi wa iwo - zapamwamba: mabuku, nyimbo, maluso kapena ya zomangamanga. Komanso, mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekezera ndi zitsanzo za luso, monga "zapamwamba polemba chinenero chimenechi." Komabe nthawi zambiri kutchula mawu amanena za nthawi inayake mu chitukuko cha luso, osati kuiwala mfundo yakuti pakati pa olemba chakale ndi pachikhalidwe yekha ena bwino kwambiri. mabuku ankaona tingachipeze powerenga zonse zimene zalembedwa mu zaka 18-19. M'zaka za m'ma 20, agonjera ku modernity tingachipeze powerenga. analemba amakono ambiri anafuna kuononga mwambo predsshestvuyuschey, anayesa kupeza latsopano mawonekedwe mutu, wokhutira. Komabe, ena ntchito ntchito za akalambula pa zofuna zawo. Choncho, ntchito ya postmodern wodzala allusions ndi okumbukira zakale, ofotokoza.

Classic - ichi ndi chinachake kuti adzakhala mafashoni. Ichi ndi chitsanzo choti amayambanso worldview, omwe amasonyeza makhalidwe onse a mtundu wopatsidwa nthawi.

Kodi olemba angatchedwe zapamwamba?

Monga tanena mu mabungwe mabungwe a zapamwamba osati kulembetsa wina wolemba, koma amene ntchito kokha yathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe Russian. Mwina poyamba olemba amene achoka chizindikiro kwambiri pa mbiri ya mabuku Russian - ndi Lomonosov ndi Derzhavin.

Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov

chilengedwe chake zolembalemba imagwera pa theka zoyambirira za m'ma 18. Iye ankachita upainiya m'madera monga classicism, kotero si m'gulu zapamwamba yake, ndi zosatheka. Lomonosov anathandiza yaikulu, osati mabuku komanso mu zilankhulo (chikusonyeza chinenero ndi masitaelo atatu), komanso zimapangidwira, sayansi ndi masamu. The lapadera kwambiri proivedeniya wake. "Morning / Madzulo kusinkhasinkha Wolemekezeka Mulungu," "Ode kuti inalowa ndi ..." "Kucheza ndi Anacreon", "Kalata za ubwino galasi" Tikumbukenso kuti malemba ambiri ndakatulo Lomonosov anali wotchulidwa imitative. Ntchito yake, Mikhail Vasilyevich ankatsogoleredwa ndi Horace ndi olemba ena odziwika.

Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin

Classic mabuku a m'zaka za m'ma 18 ukufanizidwa ndi dzina lina - izo Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin. The proizvdeniya kwambiri wolemba izi: "Chipilala", "Felitsa". Pofika kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 19 zinali yowala ndakatulo chithunzi amene sakanamuposa iye yekha dzina lake Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin.

N'zovuta dzina olemba onse yowala kwambiri nthawi. upamwamba Russian wolemera maina talantlvye. Zapamwamba zikhoza kuganiziridwa Fonvizin, Krylov, Karamzin, Zhukovsky.

m'ma 19, otchedwa Golden Age mabuku Russian, kunapezeka kuti akadali owala kuposa m'mbuyomu. Zonsezi zinayamba ndi nyengo ya katswiri wamkulu - Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina.

Dzina lake Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin

"Losamala moyo wa umunthu" - mzere uwu anatha kuonetsetsa mu Pushkin a ndakatulo wotsutsa VG Belinsky. Pushkin anali kusintha Chirasha, anam'patsa omasuka ndi kuphweka - chinachake chimene chiri choperewera mu olemba za m'ma 18. ndakatulo wake ndi wodzala ndi ubwino ndi chowonadi, litadzala ndi chikondi chachikulu kwa munthu, moyo, ndi dziko. Lembani ntchito zikuluzikulu za wolemba sangathe, chifukwa mndandanda ndi yaitali kwambiri. Mwina muyenera ndithudi kuunikila buku lake mu vesi "Eugene Onegin", umapereka dzina lake Belinsky "lofotokoza la moyo Russian." chikondi zonse dzikolakwathu chinali mu buku ka ntchito lyric-epic Komanso Pushkin, ngati wina aliyense, anakwanitsa kugwila akamanena za chi, komanso kulenga wapadera wamkazi khalidwe amene wapeza anapitiriza mu mabuku wotsatira. Kugwirizana chabwera ndi "tingachipeze powerenga" - ndi Pushkin.

Mihail Yurevich Lermontov

Wolembayu mwachilungamo kutchedwa m'malo mwa Pushkin. Koma ntchito zake zochepa lightness omasukirana, Komano, mawu Lermontov zina zakuda, nthawi zina zachiwawa kwa anthu. Lermontov anali bwinobwino kusungulumwa kwake, ndi anthu akugwera. Zonsezi zinachititsa mzere wa ndakatulo wake. mabuku - zinali buku lake "A Hero Nthawi". Apa wolemba wagwira ntchito monga zamaganizo weniweni, chosonyeza kwambiri, maganizo. Buku amapereka mipata yokwanira chinyezimiro, ndipo ndi kofunika kwambiri powerenga muyezo.

Nikolay Vasilevich Gogol

olemba a theka lachiwiri la m'ma 19, tifufuza mbiriyakale awo ku ntchito Gogol Mulungu, realist choyamba mu Russia. ntchito zake anaphunzitsidwa zinthu zambiri: kukonda dziko lawo, charitably amatanthauza anthu amene amaoneka wopunduka makamaka okha ndi kuyesa kuzichotsa. Ntchito yaikulu kwambiri ya wolemba - ndi sewero lanthabwala "Inspector" ndi ndakatulo "Akufa Miyoyo".

Olemba theka lachiwiri la zana la 19

Mwa ndakatulo ayenera kuunikila F. I. Tyutcheva ndi A. A. Feta. Iwo amalembedwa iye ndakatulo onse theka lachiwiri la zana la 19. Pakati novelists - monga akalumikidzidwa owala, ngati I. S. Turgenev, F. M. Dostoevsky, L. N. Tolstoy, A. P. Chehov komanso ntchito nthawi imeneyi muli wodzala ndi kafukufuku maganizo .. Aliyense wa buku zimathandizadi amatipatsa dziko kwapadera komwe zilembo zonse akukopeka wowala kwambiri. Kodi simunawerenge mabuku, ndipo palibe kuganiza. Classic - ndipozama wamaganizo, ndege ya zapamwamba, chitsanzo chabwino. Kaya amakono izoschralis, kuti luso asungike kuchokera makhalidwe ntchito za olemba zimatiphunzitsa chinthu chokongola kwambiri mu moyo.