Condenser. Mphamvu ya capacitor adawalamulira

Chiyambireni cha phunziro la magetsi kuthetsa funso la kudzikundikira komanso kuteteza ake zinali kokha mu 1745 Ewald Jürgen Von Kleist ndi Pieter galimoto Musschenbroek. Aumbike mwa Dutch Leiden chipangizo analola kudziunjikira mphamvu magetsi ndi ntchito ngati pakufunika kutero.

Leyden mtsuko - ndi zinachitika capacitor. ntchito zake zatsopano thupi analimbikitsa kuphunzira magetsi ali zotsogola zotheka kuti akonze zinachitika ya magetsi.

ndi capacitor Kodi

Sungani mlandu magetsi ndi magetsi - cholinga chachikulu cha capacitor lapansi. Childs, dongosolo la ochititsa awiri lotsekedwa anakonza pafupi zotheka kwa wina ndi mzake. Danga pakati ochititsa ladzala ndi dielectric a. Anasonkhanitsa mlandu pa ochititsa anasankha heteronymic. chuma ndi milandu zosiyana kukopa amalimbikitsa kwambiri kudzikundikira ake. The dielectric wapatsidwa udindo wapawiri: apamwamba a dielectric zonse zazikulu capacitance magetsi, milandu sungagonjetse chotchinga zopanda.

Magetsi mphamvu - zazikulu thupi kuchuluka amakhala ndi mwayi kudziunjikira mlandu wa capacitor lapansi. Atsogoleri mbale otchedwa munda magetsi tikunena capacitor therebetween.

Mphamvu mlandu capacitor, zikuoneka kudalira mphamvu.

mphamvu ya magetsi

Mphamvu ndi kuthekera limachititsa ntchito (a lalikulu magetsi capacitance) wa capacitor lapansi. Mphamvu ya capacitor mlandu ntchito ntchito yochepa panopa zimachitika ngati n'koyenera.

Pa mfundo zimene zimadalira mphamvu ya magetsi? ndondomeko akuyamba ndi capacitor nawuza polumikiza maelekitirodi ake kwa mitengo yonyamulira ya gwero panopa. Kudziunjikira pa wina woyang'anira mbale (phindu limene Q) amatengedwa ngati mlandu pa capacitor lapansi. Munda magetsi amalongosola pakati maelekitirodi ali ndi kusiyana angathe U.

capacitance magetsi (C) zimadalira kuchuluka kwa magetsi amene anadzipereka ndi wochititsa wina ndi voteji kumunda: C = Q / U.

Khalidwe limeneli amayezedwa F (farads).

Mphamvu za dziko lapansi lonse sizingafanane ndi capacitance wa capacitor ndi, amene Mtengo pafupifupi kope. Anapeza mphamvu mlandu angagwiritsidwe ntchito luso.

Komabe, kusunga mopanda malire magetsi pa mbale ndi sizingatheke. Pamene voteji kumawonjezera ndi phindu pazipita capacitor kusokonezeka angagwe. Mbale ali kwatha, tingayambe kuwonongeka chipangizo. Mphamvu ya capacitor mlandu Pankhaniyi kotheratu mu kutentha wake.

Kuchuluka mphamvu

Kutentha kwa capacitor ndi chifukwa kutembenuka kwa mphamvu ya magetsi kumunda mu m'mudzimo. Luso capacitor kuchita ntchito yotumiza mlandu akusonyeza pamaso pa kotunga chokwanira magetsi. Kudziwa mmene yaikulu mphamvu ya capacitor mlandu, ganizirani ndondomeko ya detente. The magetsi kumunda voteji U Q mlandu kuchuluka uyenda kuchokela mbale wina ndi mzake. Ndi tanthauzo, minda ntchito ndi wofanana ndi mankhwala a kusiyana ndi kuthekera kudutsa mlandu kuchuluka: A = qU. ubale uwu umakhala kwa phindu zonse voteji, koma mu ndondomeko lililonse la capacitor mbale ndi kuchepa pang'onopang'ono ziro ake. Kupewa kusiyana, timatenga pafupifupi ake U / 2.

mphamvu zamagetsi ku njira ndi: Q = Cu.

Choncho, mphamvu ya capacitor mlandu zingadziŵike malinga ndi njira:

W = Cu ^2/2.

Tikuona kuti ukulu wake ndi wamkulu apamwamba a mphamvu za magetsi ndi voteji. Kuti tiyankhe funso kodi mphamvu ya capacitor mlandu, kutembenukira kwa mtundu wawo.

mitundu ya capacitors

Chifukwa mphamvu ya m'munda magetsi anaikira mu capacitor ndi mwachindunji ndi capacitance ake ndi capacitor ntchito zimadalira chikhalidwe chawo structural, ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya abulusa.

1. Mawonekedwe a zipangizo: mosabisa, cylindrical, ozungulira, etc ...
2. Kuyambira kusintha capacitance: zonse (mphamvu si anasintha), zosintha (wokonzedwanso mwamakono ndi katundu thupi, kusintha mphamvu), Trimmers. kusintha Capacitance akhoza ikuchitika ndi kusintha kutentha, mawotchi kapena magetsi voteji. capacitance magetsi a mbale ikukonzekera capacitor chimasintha m'dera kusintha.
3. Malinga ndi mtundu dielectric: mpweya, madzi, olimba dielectric.
4. Malinga ndi zikutanthauza dielectric: galasi, pepala, Mica, metallized, ceramic, woonda-mafilimu a nyimbo zosiyanasiyana.

Malinga mtundu wa kusiyana ndi capacitors ena. Mphamvu ya capacitor mlandu zimadalira katundu dielectric. Kuchuluka ukulu wa permittivity. capacitance magetsi ndi mwachindunji njila kwa izo.

mbale capacitor

Tiyeni tione chipangizo wosavuta kusonkhanitsa mlandu magetsi - lathyathyathya condenser. Ichi ndi dongosolo thupi ongokhala mbale awiri Kufanana amene dielectric wosanjikiza.

Fomu mbale kungakhale amakona anayi, ndipo zozungulira. Ngati mukufuna kulandira mphamvu variable, mbale nthawi mlandu kwa mawonekedwe a theka mbale. Kasinthasintha wa munthu elekitirodi wachibale wina zimayambitsa kusintha m'dera la zipangizo.

Tingayerekezere kuti dera la mbale wina ali S, mtunda wa pakati mbale kutenga anthu d ofanana, permittivity filler - ε. mphamvu ya magetsi a dongosolo zimatengera yekha pa Masamu capacitor lapansi.

C = εε ₀ S / d.

Mphamvu ya capacitor lathyathyathya

Ife tikuona kuti capacitance mwachindunji njila kwa malo okwana mbale wina ndi inversely njila kwa mtunda therebetween. The koyefishienti wa Kugwirizana - magetsi zonse ε _0. Kuwonjezeka dielectric zonse dielectric adzakhala kuonjezera capacitance magetsi. Kuchepetsa dera zipangizo imapereka trimmer capacitors. Magetsi kumunda mphamvu mlandu capacitor zimadalira magawo ake geometrical.

Tikulankhula aziwerenga chilinganizo: W = Cu ^2/2.

Khama mphamvu mlandu capacitor planar mawonekedwe ikuchitika malinga ndi njira:

W = εε ₀ SU ² / (2D).

Ntchito capacitors

Luso capacitors pang'onopang'ono kusonkhanitsa mlandu magetsi msanga zokwanira kuupereka ntchito zosiyanasiyana za sayansi.

Pawiri ndi inductors angalenge madera resonant, Zosefera mayankho dera panopa.

Flashlights, stun, imene pali pafupifupi yomweyo kumaliseche mphamvu capacitor ntchito kulenga amphamvu zimachitika panopa. capacitor adzapereke kumachitika ku nthawi zonse gwero panopa. Lokha amachita ngati chinthu capacitor wophwanya dera la. zosiyana kudutsa nyali kumaliseche ndi yaing'ono ohmic kukana nthawi yomweyo. The electroshock chinthu ichi ndi thupi la munthu.

Capacitor kapena batire

Kukwanitsa kwa nthawi yaitali kusunga mlandu kusungidwa amapereka mwayi wawukulu ntchito monga TV yosungirako kapena mphamvu yosungirako. Pa wailesi, chuma ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Sinthanitsani batire, mwatsoka, ndi capacitor sangathe, chifukwa ali mbali ya kumaliseche. Anapeza mphamvu zawo si upambana mazana angapo joules. Batire angathe kusunga kotunga lalikulu la mphamvu ya magetsi kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo ndi pafupifupi palibe imfa.