Demokalase ku Atene pansi Pericles: ubwino ndi kuipa

Mawu "demokalase" likumasuliridwa kuti "anthu mphamvu". Mu lingaliro la dziko masiku ano demokarase ndi ufulu wofanana ndi anthu onse. Ofanana pamaso pa lamulo, mwamuna ndi mkazi, ndale ndi osamalira, olemera ndi osauka, mlendo ndi mbadwa ya boma.

Kale, pamene dziko linali chibadidwe dongosolo la kapolo, anthu wamba ndimalota ofanana. Ndiye maganizo "demokalase" inali ya yosiyana chikhalidwe. Kwambiri pafupi ndi chikhulupiriro chamakono akuti atatsala pang'ono demokalase ku Atene pansi Pericles. Iwo chikutchedwa zaka ulamuliro wake - The Age of Pericles.

Pericles

Pericles anabadwa mu banja zabwino. mayi wake agarista anachokera mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri Athens pobereka - Alcmaeonidae, ndi atate wake, Xanthippus, mkulu wa zombo ku Atene, pa Agiriki ndi Persian nkhondo anapambana nkhondo ya Cape Mycale.

Pericles anali wamphamvu ndiponso wathanzi mwana, koma wokongola kwa yakusatetezeka mutu waukulu kumutchula kuti zinali zovuta. Choncho, onse a ojambula zithunzi ndi Osema zinasonyeza wolamulira okha chisoti. Ndiponso poganizira kupanda ichi cha comedies iye anapatsidwa dzina lakuti "Lukovitsegolovy".

Popeza Pericles a banja mfulu, iye anali bwino ophunzirako anali aphunzitsi otchuka.

Kwambiri maphunziro ndi maphunziro ankaimba yofunika pa moyo wa Pericles. Iye anali kulankhula ndi nthawizonse wakhala wokhoza kukopa anthu. Kusiyana kwina khalidwe pakati mtsogoleri wa Demos ku Atene anali luso pa nkhani iliyonse kuti ndiugwire mtima. Mumadziwika nkhani, pamene mfulu imodzi amakhumudwa anatsatira Pericles, sypya chipongwe, njira yonse kunyumba, koma wolamulira wanzeru osati kulanga wopalamulayo, komanso analamula mtumiki wake kuti impudent kwawo.

Monga Pericles anakhala mtsogoleri wa demokalase ku Atene

ntchito yake inayamba ndi yokopa Pericles asilikali. Anapewa ntchito ndale chifukwa akhagopa angachotsedwe chifukwa cha n'zofanana kunja ndi ufulu kale Pisistartom wankhanza. otsutsa Political akuyesetsa m'njira iliyonse kunyalanyaza kukopa kwake, nthawi zambiri lakuthwa anthu chidwi pa kufanana kwa mawu ndi kalankhulidwe wa Pericles kuti wolamulira wankhanza.

Chifukwa chakuti pa nthawi imeneyo ku Athens sanali woyenera andale (amene anamwalira, koma ambiri anathamangitsidwa), Pericles koma wosankhidwa ndi apamwamba. demokalase ku Atene pansi Pericles bwanji moyo wa mtsogoleri, iye anayenera kusiya kukambirana ndi abale ndi misonkhano ndi abwenzi wotchuka lolemera.

Ngakhale ambiri adani a chipani apamwamba, Pericles mpaka kumapeto kwa ulamuliro wake, unachitikira dongosolo voti.

Kasamalidwe malamulo a Athens mu m'badwo wa Pericles

Democracy pansi Pericles, ubwino ndi kuipa kwake, lomwe mukhoza kuona mwa kuwerenga nkhaniyi mpaka kumapeto, komabe si mtundu umene anthu ntchito powona kuti lero.

Komabe, mkubwela kwa ulamuliro Pericles ku Athens nzika anaonekera ufulu zambiri. A lofunika kwambiri kwa demokalase anali chiyembekezo chakuti a pa veto mphamvu la Areopagi ndi kulanda ufulu wake kuti Assembly anthu. Tsopano nzika wamba magulu onse ndi zambiri ndi kukavota, msonkhano, kutenga zochita zonse zofunika. Archons - yekha wamkulu matupi.

Assembly National The wapangidwa ndi nzika zonse za Athens, kuchotserapo ali osawuka okha amene amakana kusiya cholowa chawo kuti nawo zandale.

Taonani zinthu zofunika za demokalase ku Atene pansi Pericles, Aristotle taonera.

Kusankhidwa pa maudindo

Akuluakulu chaka kusankhidwa ndi anthu pa msonkhano onse. Nsonga, zomwe pazikhalanso phyla onse, amasankhidwa ndi anawachitira maere. Aliyense Fila kumabweretsa ofuna makumi asanu, mmodzi wa phyla momwemo Kwalamulidwa pritanov. Tucked Sankhani malo msonkhano adzakhala msonkhano, Konzani mndandanda wa mafunso pa tsiku maziko amaonedwa pa bolodi msonkhano, komanso obisalamo kusankha anthu amene adzakhala ndi udindo nkhondo ndi dziko la chitetezo. Pritanov mutu komanso amasonyeza pogwiritsa anasankha kupeza chuma cha zikalata onse ndi kusindikizidwa.

Pamalo monga anaika misonkhano anayi, pa msonkhano waukulu kufufuzidwa ndi kumbali ya boma osankhidwa, chakudya chokwanira kambirana ndi chuma cha dziko. Pa yachiwiri ikufotokoza opempha ndipo milandu. Wachitatu ndi wachinayi dziko msonkhano tiyenera kuganizira mbali zina za moyo national.

Council amavomereza ndi archons ndi atsogoleri ena a ndale, amasankhidwa ndi National Assembly.

demokalase ku Atene pansi Pericles, litigation

Zakuweluzidwa kwa milandu likupezeka anthu wamba, amene nthawi zonse alipo kuweruza geliastov.

Kulankhula za mmene rabovladelchiskaya demokalase otukuka pansi Pericles, tisaiwale kuti mphamvu ngakhale ngati yopapatiza malangizo, monga bwalo unagawidwa pakati yaikulu chiwerengero cha anthu.

Mwamtheradi nzika iliyonse ku Atene anali ndi ufulu koti oipa wandale, kukaonekera pamaso Khoti la Anthu. Atatha kukambirana nkhaniyi, ngati zinadziwika ndi anatsimikizira, anati chiyenera kuchotsedwa mu ofesi, mwinanso anathamangitsa, ndi chuma anagulitsa pa yobetcherana.

Mu mndandanda otchuka anasankhidwa archons, kuchitiridwa madandaulo banja (mwachitsanzo, kuzunza ana, alibe makolo) ndipo madandaulo za kanjedza anthu. Ndi kujambula archons zisanu ndi zinayi osankhidwa woweruza.

The milandu yoopsa kwambiri, monga umbanda, chowawa choipa etc., ankatengedwa ku Areopagi, kumene, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, mowirikiza anakumana gawo wene, amene kwambiri kuchepetsa kuthekera oimbidwa kuti chiphuphu oweruza.

Maziko a demokalase ku Atene pansi Pericles - kugawana kulamulira m'dera lililonse la limagwirira boma pakati pa kuchuluka kwa nzika zonse.

mfundo Social mu m'badwo wa Pericles

Ngakhale angaloledwe awo otchuka, ndipo Pericles ayesera njira iliyonse kuti moyo mosavuta kwa anthu wamba. Mwa kuyambitsa lamulo analola nawo zandale ndi kugwira apamwamba anthu osati ku mabanja olemera, komanso nzika ya pakati ndi makalasi osauka, mtsogoleri wa Demos ku Atene kumvetsa kuti nthawi zonse nkhawa za mavuto awo azachuma, anthu wamba sindingati ndikhale woonamtima ndi zomveka nawo boma. Choncho, nzika amene ali mu dera ndale, anaganiza kuti malipiro kwa chuma cha boma.

Komanso demokalase ku Atene pansi Pericles anasonyeza ubwino chikhalidwe olumala ndi ana amasiye. nzika Low-ndalama kupeza malipiro pa kugula matikiti kwa zisudzo, amene anachita mbali yofunika youmba mtima wa anthu.

Kuonetsetsa Atene dziko ndi ntchito

Wanzeru mutu wa Demos ku Atene kumvetsa kuti ubwino wa anthu m'pofunika kusintha osati chuma thandizo chikhalidwe, komanso kupereka ntchito kwa anthu ufulu wa Athens. Pericles chaka kuika patsogolo ntchito zikuluzikulu za nyumba komanso ntchito, kupereka malo kwa amisiri osiyanasiyana. Kudzera mwa njira, Athens anakhala chikhalidwe pakati, wotchuka chifukwa zokongola nyumba zosatheka.

Ife anatiikira yonse chaka sikisite Thier, imene oyeretsa sakanatha kulemba aliyense ku Atene ndi kulandira amalipiritsa utumiki.

Kukuza malire a Attica, anaganiza kukhazikitsa pa dera la limati membala wa ku Atene midzi mgwirizano-cleruchy, kumene nzika iliyonse ya Athens umakhoza munda kwa processing.

Monga dongosolo ina, demokalase pansi Pericles anali pluses ndi minuses.

Mwa zolakwa za ulamuliro wake, olemba mbiri kuona kuti nzika zili ndi okhawo Atene amene makolo awo onse anali ku Atene nzika.

Ndipo ndithudi, tisaiwale kuti kuchita nawo ndale moyo wa dziko akazi ufulu sanali.

Slaveholding demokalase pansi Pericles (lalifupi)

Ponena za demokalase pa nthawi, kungakhale kum'lakwira kunyalanyaza funso ukapolo Athens.

Theka la Athens chetyrehsottysyachnogo anthu anali akapolo. Ambiri zambiri unconsenting anakhala akaidi a nkhondo, amene sanathe wodzipangitsa yekha dipo. udindo kapolo akatengela, kotero mwana wobadwa kapolo, amwalira chimodzimodzi monga makolo awo.

Zizindikiro za demokalase pansi Pericles kuonekera ngakhale mu ukapolo. Makamu ankaletsedwanso akuzunza awo akapolo. Kapolo kukonza chakudya chokwanira ndi atavala bwino kuposa ku Atene anthu osauka kalasi. Analoledwa maholide osiyanasiyana kupereka ukutitsimikizira ndi za nkhanza za oweruza ndi andale. Pa nkhani ya nkhanza akapolo chilolezo chokhala komweko.

The zauve, kunyumba ntchitoyo anachita akapolo. Ndi chilolezo cha eni akapolo ganyu ndi boma kumangira nyumba. Kapolo anayenera kupereka malipiro ake mwini.

Mwakhama ntchito akaidi m'migodi anasonyeza rabovladelchiskaya ku Atene demokalase pansi Pericles, mbiri ya izi ngozi kawirikawiri anali osangalala kutha.

Pamene Pericles ngongole ukapolo linathetsedwa, kotero kuti bambo akhoza kugulitsa ku ukapolo ana ake yekha ngati incrimination moyo wawo wosadziletsa.

Mapeto a ulamuliro wa Pericles

Pericles anasankha pulani kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu.

Ngakhale mfundo yakuti zabwino zotsatira pa boma ku Atene demokalase pansi Pericles, zochitika za nthawi, ofanana ku nkhondo Sparta, kwambiri kuchichepetsa ulamuliro wa okhazikika pulani. Ndipo anthu, kuiwala ubwino kuti wabweretsa boma, pambuyo mndandanda zofooketsa ankhondo ndi mliri wa Athens wa Pericles zikuchititsa kuti zolephera onse ndi kuba ndi akakhale chabwino lolemera. Pericles posachedwapa anadwala ndi mliri ndipo anafa.