Economic ndiponso madera makhalidwe a Italy

dziko lili likulu la Mediterranean, kumwera kwa Europe, m'nkhani ino wapatsidwa osati chuma ndi mwachirengedwe, komanso khalidwe ndale. Italy (Italy Republic) ndi yachitatu European ndalama zake yodziwika ndi amenewa amadziwika monga machulukitsidwe zipilala mbiri luso, chikhalidwe, zomangamanga, ndi ichinso ayankhidwa. M'dera dziko ndi makilomita lalikulu 301.200 omwe ogaŵikana zigawo makumi awiri, anawagawa, nayenso maiko anayi ndi zisanu. Ndi kupatukana sikuthetsa pano: pali zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu communes zigawo mu Italy.

Malire a dziko ndi madzi

Kumpoto chakumadzulo Italy malire ndi France makilomita oposa 488, kenako Switzerland - 740 Km, ndi malire kumpoto ndi Austria - makilomita 430, komanso kumpoto-kum'mawa ndi kumpoto kwa Slovenia - 232 Km. Domestically, nawonso, ndi malire: Vatican (Papa Town) - makilomita atatu ndi mamita mazana awiri ndi San Marino - 39 makilomita. Kaperekedwe Italy ndi osiyana ochokera m'mayiko ena ambiri, kuchuluka kwa chuma madzi. peresenti eyite ya malire dziko ndi pa nyanja - pa Adriatic, Ligurian, Ionian, Mediterranean ndi Tyrrhenian. Gombe ali kutalika makilomita 7375. Mitsinje zambiri, lalikulu - Piave, Reno, Adige, Tiber, Po.

Komanso ambiri okongola m'nyanja Italy - izi ndi Nyanja Lugano Garda, Maggiore, Brakkiano, Como, Trasimeno, Bolsena. Italy khalidwe simungakhoze kuchita popanda kutchula za achisangalalo ndi alendo m'madera amene amapanga pafupifupi dziko lonse. Pali kuchuluka pogwiritsa balneological chifukwa ambiri zilipo monga magwero ikukhudzana - mpaka 39 digiri Celsius ndi kuzizidwa: mchere hydrocarbonate, calcium, sulfure ndi okhutira mkulu wa chlorine, ayodini, salt bromine imene matenda ena, ndipo ntchito ngati kumwa kusamba.

madera

Kaperekedwe Italy ku mfundo Hrs maganizo akuyamba ndi malo: dziko akuchita chilumba lonse ndi mbali yaing'ono ya Balkan, Sardinia, Sicily ndipo ambiri ang'onoang'ono. M'dera limeneli ili ndi Kumwera Alps ndi chigwa amapemphera. Mpumulo wa dziko pafupifupi kwathunthu wapangidwa mapiri ndi zitunda - mmodzi yekha ndi lachisanu la mathithi pa zigwa.

Alps - motalikitsa European machitidwe phiri, kumene Mont Blanc - pachimake yaikulu - ili m'madera a Courmayeur ndi Haute Savoie, gawo lina la Mont Blanc kale mu France. Wotchuka uyu amaoneka lomenyera mamita 4810 mkulu akutambasula makilomita 50. The chimbuzi ku Ulaya, koma Elbrus Dykhtau ndiponso mapiri angapo mu Caucasus, kumene kutalika kwa mapiri ndi zambiri makilomita oposa asanu ndi theka - kuti ndi poyerekeza khalidwe. Italy mu Ulaya palibe Otsutsa mu msinkhu wa mapiri. Komabe, pali mfundo alendo maganizo, 11-kilometre mumphangayo magalimoto ndi mlingo apamwamba kwambiri obihozhennosti, Mont Blanc anaika.

nyengo

Kenako mu Italy Apennines kuyamba, si kwambiri mapiri, koma iwo atenga pafupifupi lonse la Italy - makilomita chikwi kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera padziko kugombe la kum'mawa kwa pachilumbachi. Zomera ali wolemera, paini ndi mumamera nkhalango, Mediterranean wokolopa ndi udzu pa mapiri a. Pali mapiri yogwira: Stromboli, Vulcano, Etna, Vesuvius. Mbali yaikulu ndi zinthu kusintha kwa nyengo m'phiri: mu chapamwamba ndipo pakati mbali - ofunda ndi zolimbitsa, koma Mwachitsanzo, ku Sicily iye ananena subtropical.

Nyengo wofatsa ndi mvula ndipo m'chilimwe ndi otentha ndi youma. Kuzizira kutentha pafupifupi konse, kutentha yozizira pafupifupi - madigiri eyiti pamwamba yozizira koopsa. Mu Sicily, nambala yaikulu masiku dzuwa, Riviera osiyana evenness nyengo yofunda chaka chonse, ndi chilumba Salentina - kwambiri mvula yochepa (millimeters 197 kokha - mlingo wa pachaka).

chikhalidwe

Pa Apennine chilumba pali oposa zana zipilala la UNESCO, ndilo kuposa dziko lina lililonse padziko lapansi. Zokongola mwapadera Italy. Geographic makhalidwe siziri mindandanda zochuluka za mapiri, nyanja, mitsinje ndi zigwa. Apa ndi kusamala kwambiri zachilengedwe, kokha mitundu m'mapaki analengedwa mu gawo la wina ndi mahekitala miliyoni ndi theka. Makumi awiri ndi chimodzi - zoterozo dziko yaing'ono. Asanu peresenti ya Gawo la uli mu maonekedwe ake apachiyambi otetezedwa ndi boma. Mwachitsanzo, Gran Paradiso - mmodzi wa m'mapaki wamkulu national - ili kumpoto chakumadzulo, pafupi ndi malire French, ndipo ndi yaikulu - 700 makilomita lalikulu.

malo akonzedwa ndi wanzeru, chifukwa kulenga kusintha kukwezedwa kwa mamita 800 kuti 4.5 zikwi: pali oundana - opweteka ndi kuwaletsa, ndi mlongoti msipu ya m'mapiri tizinthu ndi mitundu yowala. No zochepa wokongola ndipo onse m'mapaki ena mitundu ndi nkhokwe. Mwachitsanzo, mu Abruzzo chaka amakopeka mpaka alendo miliyoni, ngakhale kuti malo awa ndiotetezedwa. Sizoti ndi nyama wapadera ndi zomera, komanso zotsalira za chitukuko akale, necropolis kukongola abusa kwapadera zopita ku mabwinja a linga akale. Ndipo ndithudi, kudutsa kwambiri ski kukopa alendo osachepera.

chuma

Mu Mediterranean, Italy ndi malo ofunika kwambiri, chifukwa ili mu mzinda wa njira waukulu wa mayiko Middle East wolemera mu mafuta, ndi mafakitale kumadzulo kwa Ulaya - ndi potrebitelnits waukulu chuma izi. n'kopindulitsa kwambiri malo Hrs amatenga Italy.

Zochita za dziko zimatengera pafupi kwathunthu pa iye chikoka pa nkhaniyi chuma ndi ndale mu dziko mu Union ku Ulaya, kumene kuli umembala kuyambira penipeni. Mbali A zoterozo malo okwezeka ndi chakuti mu Italy akhazikika awiri wofunika kwambiri palokha limati - Vatican ngati okhala mutu wa Chikhristu dziko ndi San Marino, mabwalo wamkulu mu Europe ndi malamulo a 1600.

San Marino

Ndi dziko laling'ono komanso ambiri amanyadira - ndi kusafuna kwambiri umamumvera Mayiko a ku Ulaya ndipo anatsutsa kulowa mu European Union. Komabe, ngakhale Italy kuzichita dziko, monga iye azikhala: yoletsedwa San Marino kutsegula nyumba njuga ndi ngakhale TV awo, ndalama ndi miyambo.

Komabe, Italy, malamulo mwina ndalama kulipidwa. Angelezi kuyendera Vatican mamilioni, komanso alendo, kuchuluka kwa chimodzimodzi wofunitsitsa San Marino kwa zokopa za Italy akubweretsa zinthu zambiri chogwirika ubwino - ndalama ndi yaikulu.

chuma

Makhalidwe zachuma ndiponso madera a Italy linadzaza ndithu, muyenera kuzindikira ndi kuonetsetsa ake onse zachilengedwe, kuphatikizapo mchere, monga dziko osowa angamange chuma kudzera zokopa alendo wina. Tikumbukenso kuti dziko ndi zipangizo ndi mphamvu kupereka omangidwa osati sikokwanira. Pafupifupi anthu onse a madipoziti ake ang'ono mu Volume ndi madipoziti pa chitukuko cha kovuta. Italy akukumana mphamvu yake yokha ndi 17 peresenti zokha.

khala drawback ndi kuchisonyeza zikuchepa kwambiri. Mu Calobra, Tuscany, Umbria ndi Sardinia pali khala ndi lignite, koma munda ndi yaing'ono. Mafuta ali Sicily, komanso zochepa kwambiri, lili peresenti ziwiri zokha za kufunika. Mabuku a zachuma ndiponso madera makhalidwe a Italy, mwachitsanzo, ndi Germany, limasonyeza kuti chuma cha ku Italy osauka. Kuchokera Russian mwachibadwa poyerekeza sizolondola: coking makala ndi matani 200 biliyoni kufufuza okha madipoziti, ndi kufanana chomwecho mpweya, mafuta ndi mchere ina.

chuma mchere

Ndi mpweya bwino: amapemphera zomveka kupitiriza ake - alumali wa Nyanja Adriatic - Nkhani pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya chofunika. Poyera komabe sunayambe minda gasi mu Apennines ndi Sicily, koma onse pamodzi osapitirira 46 peresenti ya mowa chofunika a dziko. Iron miyalayo ndi ncho pano kwa pafupifupi zaka zikwi zitatu, ndi m'matangadza ang'ono kwambiri, anapitiriza pafupifupi mamiliyoni 50 matani pa Elbe ndi Aosta, amene, ndithudi, kwambiri, pang'ono kwambiri. Kufotokoza mwa chidule za Italy mu mawu chuma kungakhale: pali pafupifupi palibe chuma.

Polymetallic miyala Italy pang'ono watanthauzo, komanso alipo ores nthaka, kutsogolera ndi siliva, komanso zosafunika ndi zitsulo zina. Ambiri mu nkhokwe dziko la Mercury miyala, cinnabar, chimene chili massif chiphala cha Tuscany. Palinso pyrites. Mu Puglia - chitukuko cha bauxite ku Sardinia - ores antimony mu Liguria - manganese. Chinthu chokha chimene kwenikweni wolemera mu Italy - ndi lubwe, tuff ndi zipangizo zina nyumbayi. Wotchuka Carrara nsangalabwi, mwachitsanzo, ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri. Koma nayenso, si kwambiri. Kukafola mwa makhalidwe zachuma ndiponso madera a Italy kuyamba ndi zokopa alendo. Ndipo mwina itha.

makampani

GDP Italy mu dongosolo lake lagawidwa motere: ulimi anapatsidwa peresenti awiri, makampani - 27, ndi otsala sevente-kuphatikiza - misonkhano, mwachitsanzo zokopa alendo. 70 peresenti ya chuma yotengedwa mchere ndi mphamvu oposa 80 peresenti ali kunja.

Kumapeto kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri, chiyambi cha kukula kwa mphamvu za nyukiliya, koma mu 1988 kufika referendum. Choncho, popanda malangizo a magetsi Italy sadzapulumuka. Ku mafakitale lonse kuposa ena otukuka zomangamanga aliyense makina, magalimoto, ulimi makina opangidwa. Pa msika dziko ndi ofunika mipando Italy, zovala, ceramic matailosi. Ndizo zonse.

ulimi

Mu ulimi, nambala yaikulu minda yaing'ono (ndi opanda pake, makamaka kum'mwera Italy), ndi malo avareji mahekitala pafupifupi, kuti ngakhale European Union ndi waung'ono kwambiri.

Ndithu mwangwiro Mediterranean mankhwala - azitona, vinyo, zipatso. Mbeu, ulimi ukutchulidwa maperesenti oposa 60, ndiponso ziweto - zosakwana makumi anayi.