Ethmoid fupa a Chigaza lapansi. Wophatikizidwa ndi unpaired mafupa a Chigaza ndi

Wophatikizidwa ndi unpaired mafupa cranial kupanga mafupa mutu. Ena zinthu ndi chinkhupule ngati dongosolo, ena - wosanganiza ndi lathyathyathya. Ndiyeno ganizirani zimene amapanga chigaza. dzina Bone, malo awo zinalinso nkhaniyi.

mwachidule

Chigaza ndi allocated m'magulu awiri. Iwo zosiyanasiyana ntchito zawo ndi chitukuko. Mafupa a Chigaza wa mwana ndi makhalidwe awo. Brain dipatimenti ndipamene M'mimbamo ubongo ndi anthu a mphamvu. Lili mafupa a m'chipinda chotetezeka cranial ndipo m'munsi. Lachiwiri Division (munthu) ali pafupifupi onse mphamvu. Apa kwambiri pali zigawo koyamba kwa m'mimba ndi machitidwe kupuma.

dipatimenti ubongo

Iwo ali mafupa eyiti. Awiri a iwo - wophatikizidwa. Izi kanthawi ndi parietal zigawo zikuluzikulu. Mafupa otsala - n'zosayerekezeka. Brain dipatimenti ali ndi peculiarities. Calvarial fupa akupereka lakunja wamkati ndiponso mbale zinthu yaying'ono inali pakati pa kapangidwe chofewa ngati siponji. inawo amatchedwa "diploe". mankhwala kusinthitsa njira, imene pali mitsempha diploic.

The mbale akunja ali yosalala pamwamba. Iwo ali ndi periosteum. Lotchedwa mkati mbale gawo lili Dura. Ndi wochepa thupi zikuphatikizapo ambiri mankhwala organic ndi maloorganicheskih. Choncho, chinthu ichi ndi chosiyana brittleness ndi fragility. Pamene cranial mabvuto wovulala ake zimachitika kawirikawiri kuposa kuwononga mbale akunja.

The periosteum ndi maphatikizidwe amphamvu mafupa m'madera mafupa. Pa ena m'litali kugwirizana ndi lotayirira zokwanira. Periosteum zimasokoneza danga ma mmalire a fupa limodzi. Chigawo chino mwina mapangidwe hematomas ndi abscesses.

Pamwamba lamkati la dipatimenti oziziritsa

Mu izo, pali matendawa, ndi okwera. Iwo zogwirizana sulci ndi gyri ubongo. Komanso ziwembu kusiyanitsa nkusani ndi chotengera woyenera chipolopolo zovuta. M'madera ena mu chigaza pali mabowo. Iwo apangidwa kuti emissarnyh mitsempha kuti kulumikiza m'njira za m'mphuno venous chipolopolo, mkati ndi diploic ziwiya. The mipata yaikulu amaonedwa mastoid ndi parietal. Ena zigawo, monga fupa mazunzo a Chigaza muli cavities. Iwo Ng'ona ndi mucosa ndi ndizodzazidwa ndi mpweya. Kapangidwe chomwecho ndi khalidwe la latisi wa, kanthawi ndi sphenoid fupa, ndi nsagwada chapamwamba. zinthu zimenezi zimatchedwa pneumatic.

Tikamazunzidwa chigaza fupa

Iwo kumatanthauza kupanga denga ndi pamalo patsinde pa m'mphuno ndi zitsulo diso. Akuluakulu, ndi unpaired fupa a Chigaza lapansi. M'miyeso wake wapadera ndi uta. Komanso imakhala ndi dipatimenti yozungulira. Laterally mu kunsi kwa mafupa pano yaitali zygomatic ndondomeko. Kwa aliyense wa iwo muli mzere mwakanthawi. Amalekanitsa kachisiyo kutsogolo padziko mbali mazunzo a m'miyeso. Spines pa gawo la olumikiza chomwecho, anakafika ku pachibwano.

pamlingo

Ndi dera lalikulu kwambiri fupa. Mamba anapangidwa wa amachepetsa awiri. Mbali ogwirizana ndi china chotulutsa mazunzo. Kwa zaka zisanu izo kawirikawiri limakula. Mu zina, msoko anakhalabe ndi gawo mazunzo amakhalabe osiyanasiyana. Mamba kusiyanitsa mkati ndi kunja pamalo. Choyamba - yosalala, ali mawonekedwe otukukira kunja. Pa mbali ya msoko kuonekera mazunzo protuberance (wophatikizidwa). Pansipa iye mbali ndi wodzigudubuza kukhala kachigawo mawonekedwe (pamwamba). mawonekedwe ake ndi kukula zimadalira kapangidwe munthu wa mafupa mutu. Pakati pa nsidze ndi tokhala anapanga yosalala pamwamba - glabella.

Mbali yakunja ya lonse lapansi anasiyanitsidwa yozungulira khadi supraorbital m'mphepete (wophatikizidwa). Pafupifupi kumeneko chidale pakati. Ili mkati recess mazunzo. Mu zina, fillet akudutsa mdzenje. Therethrough bodza mitsempha ndi ziwiya. The gawo lamkati la mamba concave. Padziko ndi wolumikizira grooves, pakati - ndi Crest. Komanso zipsera convolutions anati. Tikamazunzidwa lokwera amasuntha mu mzere chapamwamba sagittal nkusani. Pa chiyambi cha kukwezedwa kwa pansi pali dzenje akhungu. Mbali ya mzere ili fossa granulations arachnoid kuchokera.

dipatimenti yozungulira

Iye ankayimiridwa ndi fupa mbale quadrangular mawonekedwe osasamba. Ndi kusiyanitsa pansi (yozungulira) ndi chapamwamba (ubongo) pamwamba. Choyamba - yosalala - zochokera mu kanjira. Malo anterolateral ya England lacrimal ili dimple, medial ndipo kutsogolo - bloc kukulitsa. Brain gawo imatsogoleredwa kuti patsekeke cranial limapangidwa ndi matendawa, ndi okwera convolutions therebetween.

dipatimenti m'mphuno

gawo ili pakati mabacteria ndi yozungulira. Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi fupa gawo, yomwe encloses mumbali ndi kutsogolo gululi zodula. Mbali ndi kumbuyo m'mphepete linanena kuti mbale m'mphepete ndi mbali kutsogolo - ndi zinthu m'mphuno ndi maxillary mafuta. Mu malo awa kumene mwagona munga - msana mphuno. Iwo nawo mu mapangidwe kugawa. Mbali kumbuyo kwa uta ndi maselo. Iwo ali mu kukhudzana ndi mabowo chomwecho mu fupa ethmoid. Chotsatira pakhomo.

Mbali pakati m'mphepete pa latisi ndi kudula kunja msana m'mphuno ali kabowo nkusani. Zimadzetsa ku lamanzere ndi lamanja amachepetsa wa una. Akuluakulu, kukula kwa sinuses ndi osiyana. Ndi wodzaza ndi Kakhungu mucous. Tikamazunzidwa nkusani akutsegula mu ndime pakati m'mphuno.

ossification

Kukula kwa fupa mazunzo amachokera malo awiri. Iwo anapanga ndi kumapeto kwa mwezi wachiwiri nthawi antenatal kuzungulira dera supraorbital. The mazunzo fupa akhanda zikuphatikizapo zinthu ziwiri zosiyana. N'zokhudza kwa chaka chachiwiri nthawi pambuyo partum. Mpaka zaka zisanu zambiri amakhalabe kuonekera msoko pakati amachepetsa lapansi.

Ethmoid fupa Chibade cha

Amakhala ndi mbale ziwiri. Limodzi ndi yopingasa, perpendicular kwa mipita ena. Komanso izi fupa unpaired a Chigaza kumaphatikizapo ndi ndikuyenda. maphunziro Izi zikuphatikizapo maselo pneumatic. Kukhotakhota ndi wophatikizidwa gawo. Maselo ku mbali iliyonse pafupi mbale ndi kulankhulana wina ndi mzake ndi M'mimbamo m'mphuno. Ethmoid fupa a Chigaza ali chidale lapansi. Mbale mchitidwe amatanthauza dipatimenti ubongo. Ziwalo zina amapanga ethmoid fupa a Chigaza, ndi kulowerera mapangidwe mbali medial wa mwake diso ndi m'mphuno makoma patsekeke.

Cham'mbali kumbuyo mbale articulates ndi mchitidwe tapered. Kutsogolo ndi mbali imene Ufumuyo fupa mazunzo. Mu mbale ndi kuchuluka kwa mipata alipo. Iwo anafuna kuti ndimeyi njira olfactory misempha. Pamzere chapakati mbale imafika m'mwamba wotchedwa cockscomb. Iye nawo mu kumaso kwa zenga ubongo. Kutsogolo kwa lokwera mabodza wophatikizidwa mafuta - phiko. Perpendicular hexagonal mbale ali ndi mawonekedwe osasamba. Ndipamene dera kutsogolo kwa amphuno septum.

kukhotakhota

maselo ake anawagawa m'magulu atatu. Iwo anapatukana, koma si bwino. Kuonetsetsa kumbuyo, ndi kutsogolo ndi gulu pakati. Kumbali lateral wa woonda yozungulira mbale chimakwirira. Iwo zochokera kwa M'mimbamo wa mpita wa padziko ufulu. Kuchokera mkati, mbali yaing'ono ya foni ali ndi mbale Bony. Ambiri a iwo kukhala otseguka. Iwo kuphimba pafupi mazunzo, Palatine, lacrimal ndi sphenoid fupa ndi chapamwamba pachibwano.

mbali Medial wa kukhotakhota kumasulira dera kumtunda kwa m'mphuno. Iwo ali awiri woonda mbale - chipolopolo (pakati ndi chapamwamba). Palinso mbedza woboola pakati mafuta. Pali kusiyana pakati pa lakuya - ichi ndi chapamwamba amphuno ndime. Kumbuyo ndi pang'ono pamwamba pa recess chapamwamba, zina, inapeza wina - Mwambamwamba. Zipolopolo zomwe zikutanthauza zikuchokera ethmoid ake fupa a Chigaza, ndipo zosiyanasiyana kukula ndi mawonekedwe, liwulo kutalika osiyana ndi kuya ndime ziwalo m'mphuno.

mutu mafupa denga

Cranial m'chipinda chotetezeka mu zapambuyo mazunzo convexity ndi. Iwo ali kukwezedwa: zikope zitunda ndi phiri. Kumbuyo denga ndipamene fupa occipital. Mbali mwa iye zinthu lalifupi parietal. Kuchokera ndondomeko zygomatic la fupa kuzunzidwa padenga la kanthawi limayenda mzere arcuate. Iwo kukuchepetsa dzenje pamwamba, womwe alekanitsa Crest infratemporal kuchokera poyambira chomwecho.

zinthu pawiri

Linanena chigaza fupa (tebulo m'munsimu mwachidule zikusonyeza mitundu kugwirizana) mosalekeza kwa gawo lalikulu. The mitundu ikuluikulu ndi abutting ndi synchondrosises syndesmoses. Nsagwada m'munsi chikugwirizana temporo-mandibular limodzi ndi membala sublingual - kudzera ulusi minofu. Syndesmoses kuimira fibrotic articulation zosiyanasiyana matabwa. Monga ulamuliro, mayina awo anapanga ankalemekeza zikugwirizana mafupa. Komabe, pali matabwa amene mayina awo. Mwachitsanzo, articulation a mafupa parietal yotentha ndi sagittal, mazunzo ndi parietal - coronal suture ndi zina zotero.

Synchondrosises kuperekedwa monga mankhwala chichereŵechereŵe. Zimapezeka makamaka m'munsi cranial. syndesmosis Newborn kuperekedwa ndi minofu connective zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Iwo akutchedwa fontanelles.