Federal Republic of Nigeria: dongosolo la boma, likulu, anthu

Federal Republic of Nigeria ili ku West Africa. Awa ndi boma lokhala ndi anthu ambiri pa dzikoli komanso limodzi la chuma chake champhamvu kwambiri. Nkhaniyi idzafotokoza za chikhalidwe cha dziko la Nigeria, chiwerengero cha anthu, chinenero, mizinda ikuluikulu komanso malo okondweretsa dziko.

Nigeria pa mapu a Africa: zigawo za malo

Malo a dzikoli ndi makilomita 924,000 (10 malo pa dziko lonse kukula). Dzikoli lili pamphepete mwa nyanja ya Gulf of Guinea (dera - West Africa). Nigeria imadutsa m'mayiko ena anayi: Niger, Benin, Cameroon ndi Chad. Ndizowona kuti m'dziko lomalizira malirewo ndi amadzi okha - amayenda panyanja ya dzina lomwelo.

Makilomita 853 - ndilo kutalika kwa gombe la State of Nigeria. Mapu amasonyezanso kuti gombe la dzikoli lakhala lopangidwa ndizitali zakuya, malowa komanso njira zambiri. Malingana ndi iwo, njira, ngalawa zimatha kudutsa malire ndi Benin mpaka kumalire ndi Cameroon, popanda kusiya Nyanja ya World. Mabomba akuluakulu a Nigeria ndi Lagos, Port Harcourt, Bonnie.

Mitsinje ikuluikulu ikuluikulu ya dzikoli (Niger ndi maboma ake a Benue) akugawaniza Nigeria kukhala magawo awiri: kum'mwera (pansi) ndi kumpoto (kukwera pang'ono, mokwera). Malo apamwamba - Phiri la Chappal-Waddi (mamita 2419) - lili pamalire ndi Cameroon.

Likulu la Nigeria ndi mizinda ikuluikulu

Ku Nigeria lero pali mizinda mazana awiri. Zaka khumi za izo zikhoza kuonedwa ngati milioni.

Lagos ndi mzinda waukulu koposa ku Nigeria, koma ku Africa lonse. Malingaliro osiyanasiyana, ali ndi anthu pakati pa 10 ndi 21 miliyoni. Mpaka mu 1991, linali likulu la Nigeria. Pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya mafakitale a mafakitale a dzikoli adakali pano.

Pafupifupi makilomita 100 kumpoto kwa Lagos ndi mudzi wina waukulu - Ibadan. Ndili anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni 2.5, ambiri mwa iwo ndi anthu a ku Yoruba. Kumpoto kwa Nigeria, malo oposa ambiri ndi Cano.

Mzinda waukulu wa Nigeria ndi mzinda wa Abuja - ndi anthu asanu ndi atatu okhawo mdziko muno. Cha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, Lagos inali yaikulu kwambiri. Choncho, akuluakulu a boma adasamukira ku likulu la dzikoli. Chisankhocho chinagwera pa tawuni yaing'ono ya Abuja, yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi Jos Plateau. Kuti apange nyumba yatsopano, akatswiri a ku Japan anaitanidwa. Lero ku Abuja ndi malo a Pulezidenti wa dzikoli, pali mabungwe a boma, yunivesite komanso mayiko ambiri ochita kafukufuku.

Zida za dongosolo la boma

Bungwe la Federative Republic of Nigeria ndi demokalase la zipani zambiri, ngakhale kuti mphamvu zonse m'dzikoli ndi PDP (People's Democratic Party). Nyumba yamalamulo ya Nigeria ili ndi zipinda ziwiri. Chiwerengero cha azidindo - anthu 469. Nyumba yamalamulo imasankhidwa pakatha zaka zinayi.

Purezidenti wa Nigeria akuonedwa kuti ndi mkulu wa boma ndipo amatsogolera asilikali. Amasankhidwa kwa zaka zinayi ndi voti yowonekera komanso yobisika.

Federal Republic of Nigeria adalandira ufulu wake mu 1960. Zisanayambe, anali m'madera ena a ku Britain. Dziko lamakono lamagawidwa m'madera 36 ndi m'mudzi umodzi.

Zovala, mbendera ndi ndalama za dziko

"Umodzi ndi chikhulupiriro, mtendere ndi chitukuko" - ndilo liwu lomwe lili ndi chida cha Nigeria chomwe chinavomerezedwa mu 1979. Zikuwoneka ngati chishango chakuda ndi mtanda woyera woboola pakati pakati. Malingana ndi kukonzekera kwa mtandawu, chitsogozo (chithunzi) cha mitsinje ikuluikulu ya ku Nigeria pamapu - Niger ndi Benue - akuganiza. Kumbali zonsezi chishango chimalimbikitsidwa ndi akavalo a siliva, ndipo pamwamba pake chikuyima chiwombankhanga chofiira - chizindikiro cha mphamvu ndi ukulu. Chovala cha Nigeria chili pamtambo wobiriwira, womwe uli ndi maluwa a dzikoli - Costus spectabilis.

Mbendera ya Nigeria inavomerezedwa ngakhale kale - mu October 1960. Nsaluyo ili ndi magulu atatu ofanana - oyera pakati (akuyimira dziko) ndi zobiriwira pambali (chizindikiro cha chuma cha Nigeria). Njirayi idapangidwa ndi wophunzira wa yunivesite ya Ibadan Michael Akinkunmi. Mu ntchito yake yapachiyambi, dzuŵa linalinso mzere woyera, koma komitiyo inaganiza kuchotsa chinthu ichi.

Ndalama ya dziko la Nigeria ndi Naira ya Nigeria, yomwe imaphatikizapo ndalama ndi mabanki a zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Pa ndalama za dziko lino la Afrika mungathe kuona zithunzi zosiyana siyana: amayi omwe ali ndi mitsempha pamutu mwawo, ojambula amtundu wamtundu, asodzi ndi njati, komanso zokopa zachilengedwe. Ndalama ya Nigeria imatchedwa kobo.

Anthu, zipembedzo ndi zinenero

Pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni 180 amakhala ku Nigeria lero. Ofufuza za mbiri yakale amanena kuti pakati pa zaka zana lino dziko likhoza kulowa m'mayiko asanu omwe akutsogolera padziko lonse lapansi (omwe tsopano dziko la Nigeria ndi lachisanu ndi chiwiri pa chiwonetsero ichi). Pafupifupi, mayi wina wa ku Nigeria amabereka ana 4-5 mu moyo wake.

Republic Republic of Nigeria ilibe zizindikiro zowonongeka kwambiri. Choncho, dzikoli limatenga malo achitatu pa matenda a kachirombo ka HIV, malo 10 - pamtanda wa imfa ya ana. Malingana ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo wa Nigeria - zaka 220 padziko lapansi.

Dzikoli liri ndi ziphunzitso zovuta kwambiri zachipembedzo: 40% ndi Akhristu, 50% ndi Asilamu. Pachifukwa ichi, mikangano, kupha ndi zigawenga zimachitika nthawi zambiri mu boma. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za mantha ku Nigeria ndi bungwe lalikulu la Boko Haram, lomwe limalimbikitsa kuyika kwa Sharia m'dziko lonselo.

Ku Nigeria, amalankhula m'zinenero zoposa 500. Ambiri mwa iwo - etik, yoruba, edo, igba, nyumba. Ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyankhulana payekha, ena amaphunzira ngakhale m'masukulu (m'madera ena a dziko). Chilankhulo chovomerezeka cha Nigeria ndi Chingerezi.

Uchuma ndi moyo wathanzi ku Nigeria

Ndalama zamakono za Nigeria zikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi mawu amodzi: mafuta. Pano, malo akuluakulu onse ku Africa akufufuzidwa. Ndalama za dziko, malipiro ndi ndalama za republic zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi kuchotsedwa kwa chuma ichi. Ndondomeko ya boma ya Nigeria ndi 80% yodzazidwa ndi kugulitsa mafuta ndi mafuta.

Ngakhale kuti pali "chuma chamtengo wapatali" cha "golide wakuda", anthu a ku Nigeria amakhala osauka kwambiri. Anthu oposa 80% a dzikoli alipo alipo madola awiri patsiku. Pa nthawi yomweyi, vuto la kuchepa kwa madzi ndi magetsi ndi lovuta kwambiri mu boma.

Chigawo chofunikira cha chuma cha dziko ndi gawo la zokopa alendo. Ku Nigeria, pali chinachake choti muwone: mvula yamkuntho, masana, mathithi komanso zipilala zambiri zambiri ndi chikhalidwe. Komabe, chitukuko cha zipangizo zothandizira alendo zikukhalabe pamsika wotsika kwambiri.

Makampani ndi Malonda Akunja

Pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya anthu ogwira ntchito ku Nigeria amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu ogulitsa mafakitale. Amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta, malasha ndi tini, kupanga chothonje, mankhwala a mphira, nsalu, mafuta a kanjedza ndi simenti. Makampani opangira zakudya, mankhwala, ndi nsapato amapangidwa.

Mafuta ku Nigeria anapezeka m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri zoyambirira. Masiku ano, makampani angapo opita kudziko lonse, komanso National Oil Company ya dzikoli, akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Gawo limodzi la magawo atatu a "golide wakuda" omwe amachotsedwa amatumizidwira kutumiza - ku United States ndi Western Europe.

Gawo lochokera kudziko la Nigeria ndilo mafuta ndi mafuta (pafupifupi 95%). Ndiponso, kaka ndi mphira zimatumizidwa kunja. Akuluakulu ogulitsa malonda a Nigeria ndi USA, Brazil, India, China, Netherlands, Spain.

Ulendo ku Nigeria: zinthu, maonekedwe, zoopsa

Nchifukwa chiyani Nigeria ikukopa alendo? Choyamba - chilengedwe chake chokongola. M'dziko lino mukhoza kuyamikira mitsinje, pitani ku nkhalango yeniyeni kapena kuyenda mumsasa. Mitengo ya maulendo oyendayenda, monga lamulo, ndi otsika kwambiri. Anthu a mmudzimo samalangiza alendo kuti ayendere kudera la Niger, komanso kumpoto kwa dziko kumene bungwe lalikulu "Boko Haram" likugwira ntchito kwambiri.

Mwachidziwikire, pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zikulepheretsa patsogolo zokopa alendo m'dzikoli. Izi ndi izi:

• Umphawi waukulu wa anthu;
• Mphulupulu wamilandu;
• Mikangano yambiri yachipembedzo ndi kuukira kwauchigawenga;
• Misewu yoipa.

Komabe, oyendera alendo ku Nigeria amabwera ndikuchoka kuno madola mabiliyoni 10 pachaka.

Embassy ya Nigeria ili ku Moscow, pa Malaya Nikitskaya Street, 13.

Malo oyendera alendo oyendayenda m'dzikoli

Ku Republic of Nigeria pali malo awiri omwe ali otetezedwa ndi UNESCO: chikhalidwe cha Sukur ndi Osun-Osogbo Grove.

Kufupi ndi Oshogbo, ku gombe la Osun River, pali malo apadera omwe mungathe kuona zithunzi, malo opatulika komanso ntchito zina za anthu a ku Yoruba. Mu 2005 idakhala malo a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Chipinda chopatulika, kupatula mbiri ndi chikhalidwe, chimakhalanso ndi chilengedwe. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zochepa za "nkhalango" zomwe zasungira kum'mwera kwa Nigeria. Mitengo pafupifupi 400 ya zomera imakula pano.

Zokondweretsa alendo ndi likulu la boma - Abuja. Nyumba zomveka kwambiri mumzinda uno ndi zomangamanga ndi Central Bank. Yomalizayi inamangidwa mu 1984. Imeneyi ndi nyumba yaikulu yokhala ndi dome lalikulu pakatikati ndi minaire ina, yomwe kutalika kwake kufika mamita 120. N'zosangalatsa kuti si Asilamu omwe angalowe mumsasa uno.

Kutsiliza

Federal Republic of Nigeria ili ku West Africa ndipo ili ndi nyanja yaikulu ku nyanja ya Atlantic. Chuma chachikulu cha dzikoli ndi mafuta, omwe chimachokera ku chuma chonse cha boma.

Ku Nigeria, muli anthu 180 miliyoni (monga chaka cha 2015). Pafupifupi 80% mwa iwo amakhala pansi pa umphaŵi. Ku Nigeria, amalankhula zinenero 500, ngakhale kuti English ndizovomerezeka.