Gotorn Nataniel: A yonena mwachidule Wolemba

Nataniel Gotorn ndi katswiri anazindikira wa cholembera mabuku American. Iye anagwira ntchito m'nyengo Achikondi, ndi luso lake ali kwambiri Polemeretsedwa izo, kupanga mtundu wanyimbo otchuka a buku la.

moyo woyambirira

wolemba anabadwa m'chaka cha 1804 mu mzinda wa Salemu. makolo ake anasamuka ku England n'kukakhala bwino mu America. Makamaka, agogo ake anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri a Massachusetts Bay Colony. Ndipo onse mzere wamwamuna kenako wotanganidwa malo ndithu mkulu, ndi oweruza. Wotchuka mfiti mayesero Salem chabe anatsogolera wolemba yemwe anali agogo Dzhon Gotorn.

Nathaniel anali mwana wa mkulu panyanja, amene anafa malungo, pamene mnyamatayo anali ndi zaka zinayi. mayi ake ndi alongo awiri anatsala m'manja mwa achibale.

Monga mwana, Hawthorne atavulala mwendo ndi moyo anakhalabe wolumala.

Pa zaka khumi Nathaniel ndi banja lake anabwera Maine, kumene ankakhala pafamu. Kenako, iye zambiri kumbuyo masiku amenewo, kuboola kwa nkhalango yowirira ndi chete zosaneneka za malo amenewo.

Iye anabwerera ku Salemu kumaliza sukulu kumeneko. Kuyambira ali mwana anachita chidwi ndi ntchito mabuku, ndipo ngakhale chikalata pepala lawo, wodzazidwa ndi ntchito za olemba.

Pa kuumirira kwa amalume ake, Gotorn Nataniel analowa Boudinsky College, imene maphunziro mu 1825. Phunziro analibe phindu kwa iye, makamaka popeza kuti sanali kukhala wazamalamulo, monga amalume ake ankafunira. Nathaniel zambiri mutu m'mitambo, kulota ntchito kulemba.

chilengedwe

Wolemba nthawi anadandaula mu ubale ndi makolo ake, Oyeretsa, chifukwa cha chosankha kuti anthu ambiri anaphedwa pa ndondomeko Salem. Iye anayesera mwakukhoza kwake kuteteza wotuluka zimakhalira pachibale ndi iwo.

Ambiri mwa ntchito zake mu mmene zinthu zakale wodzazidwa ndi mphamvu ya kupalamula, ndi mutu wa makolo tchimo limatuluka pafupifupi nthawi zonse.

buku lake loyamba, "Feng shui" anatuluka mu 1828, koma analephera. Koma Hawthorne sanabwere mtima, iye anapita pa kulenga, analemba zambiri za nkhani mu lachinsinsi ndi wosangalatsa mitu, anamasulidwa zopereka angapo nkhani ana (kuphatikizapo "grandfathering mpando", "Book of Zozizwitsa").

Mkhalidwe wake ndalama kunali kovuta kwambiri, Nathaniel ntchito monga woyang'anira pa miyambo. Kuchita izi, iye nthawi zonse anali kukhala ku Boston. Kufunika ichi wasoŵa pambuyo amasulidwe buku lake "ulusi wofiira Letter".

mankhwala zayambitsa kumveka kwambiri osati anthu a ku America, koma ku Ulaya, pa nthawi ina dzina la Nathaniel Hawthorne yotchuka.

"Kalata Chofiira" limafotokoza nkhani ya Esther ndi kutengera amene anakhala ndi pakati n'kubereka mwana pa nthawi, pamene mwamuna wake palibe. Palibe ankadziwa kuti ngati iye anali moyo. anthu anali wosalolera mtsikanayo, iye anatsutsidwa ndi akakhale chilango boma. Iwo anali atamangirira mzati ndi nsalu pa diresi yake ndi wofiira ulusi kalata "A", kuti chilemba cha kusakhulupirika kwake.

mwamuna Esitere posachedwa anabwerera ndipo atamva za nkhaniyi, anayesetsa kupeza amene mdani wake. Zikuoneka kuti m'deralo achinyamata wansembe.

Nataniel Gotorn, amene mabuku nthawi zonse kuganizira mofatsa za mavuto ndi maganizo, anali kudzudzulidwa ndi zipembedzo, pamene owerenga ndi otsutsa zolembalemba atenga mankhwala wonse.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

zaka zinayi Gotorn Nataniel ankakhala ku Ulaya, agwilitse malo kazembe kumeneko. Iye anapita lonse la Afrika, nabwera ku America anali pakati pa Civil nkhondo.

bwenzi lake Franklin Pierce, pulezidenti wakale wa dziko analengeza wachinyengo. Akukhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha zochita zake lalifupi akuthwa mgwirizano pakati pa North ndi South anafika mwachangu.

Ndipo ngati Gotorn Nataniel ali odzipereka mabuku ake ena, khalidwe lake anali anataya. Ndipo posachedwapa anabwera kutchuka anamuukira.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, Hawthorne anadwala kupweteka kwambiri pamimba. Ngakhale, iye ndi bwenzi lake Pierce anapita ku New Hampshire kwa ulendo. Apo iye anafa pa nthawi ya agone. Zinali May 19, 1864.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti usiku uno, mwana wake wamkulu Julian anatenga mwambo mu fraternity "Delta Kappa Epsilon" pa Harvard. usiku onse anagona mu bokosi chatsekedwa ndi kuphimba mmaso a.

moyo

Mu 1842, wolemba anakwatira Sophia Peabody. Ukwati wawo unali wosangalatsa kwambiri, ngakhale khalidwe la onse. Achinyamata anali wamanyazi kwambiri, Sofia amasiyana manyazi, Nathaniel - kutsekedwa.

Banjalo ana atatu: mwana Una ndi Rose ndi mwana Julian.