Great Wall la China: History ndi Nthano

Mmodzi wa aakulu zolengedwa zopangidwa nthawi opangidwa ndi anthu, zapamwamba Wamkulu Wall la China. Izi ndi kumanga moona odzitukumula kwa nthawi makedzana, anthu chizindikiro cha lakumwamba Ufumu, ndipo nthawi zonse amakopa alendo ambiri. Mbiri ya Wall Wamkulu akuyamba ku kuposa BC V atumwi, pamene Chinese wolamulira Qin Shi Huangdi anayamba yomanga mpanda woyamba monga chitetezo, pa "chikumenyana States." Iwo anamanga kumpoto kwa masiku ano pafupifupi sanakhale ndi moyo kwa nthawi yathu. Kulimbitsa amene amadziwika kuti tonsefe, inamangidwa pa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Chinese lachifumu Ming Mafumu.

Anapitiriza kumanga mpanda nthawi ya ulamuliro wa achepetse anayi:

• Qin (208 BC GD.);
• Han (I m'ma BC);
• 10 Maufumu ndi 5 mafumu (1138-1198 gg.);
• Hun pansi mfumu ndiponso ulamuliro wa Wanli wa ufumu Ming Mafumu (pamaso 1620).

Ambiri, Wamkulu Wall la China (mbiri ya zomangamanga ake) ntchito za 2,100 zaka. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, kumanga ake kuphatikizapo zoposa miliyoni. 8 Chinese. Komanso, Dziwani kuti nyumbayi akuganiza manda aakulu mu dziko, chifukwa nthawi zonse anakhala komaliza malo okhalamo anthu opitirira mamiliyoni atatu.

okwana m'litali - za 6700 Km, pamene kutenga nkhani mitundu yonse ya nthambi - 8900 Km. Msinkhu mu malo osiyana mamita 6-10. Chigawo chachikulu cha pakhoma pafupifupi akubwereza malire Mumtima Mongolia ndi chochokera mzinda kum'mawa kwa Shanhaiguan, kutsiriza ndi tawuni Western Province wa Lop Nur.

The Wall Wamkulu anali lonse zokwanira kuti kuyendetsa okwera ochepa kavalo mosavuta, kotero nthawi zambiri amachitidwa osati ntchito kumbuyo, komanso anatumikira ngati msewu. Ndi utsi chizindikiro ola likulu kupereka zindikirani nkhondo ya asilikali mdani.

Isanafike ntchito njerwa monga chuma kumanga ankagwiritsa ntchito matabwa, miyala kapena rammed lapansi, moti poyamba kulimbitsa si cholimba kwambiri. Pamene Mafumu Ming akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito yomanga njerwa ndi laimu ndi miyala. Mofanana ndi njerwa anayamba kugwira ntchito zambiri yabwino, yomanga inayamba pa mofulumira zolimira. Komabe, boulders komabe anali olimba kuposa zipangizo pamwamba, kotero iwo wodula ndi amakona anayi mawonekedwe ndi kuikidwa mu maziko ndi mkati ndi kunja mphepete mwa khoma. Kutalika kwa ena a iwo mpaka mamita anayi. Kumangira zidutswa zitatu makoma ife ntchito ofiirira nsangalabwi. Awiri a iwo zili mu mzinda jiang'an County, ndi wina - ku mapiri Baiyangyu. Izi ndi wokongola kwambiri ndi cholimba khoma.

The Wall Wamkulu ndi kumbuyo nsanja-forts mu nyumbayi. Pakuti aliyense nsanja, nayenso anali staircase chopapatiza, ndi kokha geti laling'ono. Pa makoma anakhazikitsako mano, kudzera umene asirikali akhoza aziyang'anitsitsa mdani. Zipolopolo anali kusungidwa mu nsanja chizindikiro. Kuti mudziwe bwino awo anamangidwira pa mapiri ndi mfundo zina mkulu wa Edene. Komabe, mbali yaikulu ya zomangamanga anali mu mzere mwachindunji pamaso lililonse la zoyandikana nsanja limakupatsani msanga kutumiza mauthenga za zosayembekezereka wa asilikali mdani mothandizidwa ndi moto ndi utsi. Komanso mu makoma anali slits amene kutalika anali pafupifupi masentimita 30, ndipo m'lifupi - za 23 cm.

Mpaka 1664, a Wall Wamkulu anali pafupifupi akuluakulu chopinga amene anayesa kusiya China kapena sangagwelenso. Mu kapangidwe anaikidwa okwerera mphamvu anatsekedwa usiku ndi aliyense, ngakhale mfumu analibe ufulu kuphwanya dongosolo ili. M'malire a China sanathe kuchoka popanda chilolezo. Komabe, pambuyo kulanda lakumwamba Ufumu Manchu tikufunika khoma mbisoweka. Njerwa pang'onopang'ono anayamba kufunkha wamba wamba, ndipo kenako kamodzi Wall Lalikulu la China wafika kuima amphumphu.

Pakali pano, The Wall mndandanda wa zinthu kutetezedwa ndi UNESCO, komanso "Zisanu Medieval zodabwitsa za World."