Gulu lamakono la Kazakhstan: mphamvu ndi zida

Tsiku limene magulu ankhondo a Republic of Kazakhstan akhazikitsidwa ndi May 7, 1992. Patsikuli, Purezidenti adasaina lamulo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa asilikali ake enieni ndi mtsogoleri woyamba wa chitetezo adasankhidwa m'mbiri ya dziko: Colonel General S.K. Nurmagambetov. Mkulu wa asilikali a Kazakhstan ndiye mkulu wa asilikali . Pambuyo kugwa kwa Soviet Union, boma linalandirapo zida zambiri zankhondo ndi zida zankhondo, zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga, gulu la asilikali ogwira usilikali. Komabe, mavuto olemera a zachuma akupezeka m'dera lonse la Soviet lakumapeto kwa zaka za makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri, m'zinthu zambiri zidalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino chuma cha Soviet. Zaka zochepetsedwa ndi kusandulika zachititsa kuti magulu a asilikali apangidwe. Asilikali a Kazakhstan, omwe zithunzi zawo za zochitika zosiyanasiyana ndi zochititsa chidwi, zimapitirizabe kusintha.

Zambiri zadzidzidzi

Kuyambira lero, bungwe la bungwe la Republic of Kazakhstan likuyimiridwa ndi mitundu itatu: magulu ankhondo, magulu a chitetezo cha mpweya ndi magulu ankhondo. Asilikali a Kazakhstan, omwe ali pafupifupi anthu zikwi zana limodzi, ndi amodzi mwa magulu othandiza kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Zida zapanyanja

Mabomba a pansi amapangidwa malinga ndi lamulo la Republic of Kazakhstan "Pa Defense ndi Armed Forces of Republic of Kazakhstan". Cholinga chawo chachikulu ndikuteteza ufulu wa Republic of Kazakhstan, kutetezera ulamuliro wake, kuteteza malo ndi usilikali, kuteteza malire a dziko, ndi kutenga nawo mbali pa ntchito zosunga mtendere. Ntchito zonsezi zimasankhidwa ndi ankhondo a Kazakhstan. Dziko limapanga phokoso lalikulu pamagulu a pansi. Ndiwo zida zankhondo zazikulu kwambiri ponena za chiwerengero cha antchito. Pafupi anthu zikwi makumi asanu akutumikira mu mphamvu za nthaka.

Maofesi a Zigawo za Kumidzi

Pali malamulo angapo a dera:

1. Lamulo lakuti "Astana" lili m'chigawo cha Karaganda, komanso kumpoto kwa Kazakhstan kumalire ndi Russia. Ndi malo a Mtsogoleri Wamkulu-Mtsogoleri wa Republic.

2. Lamulo "West" liri mkati mwa malire a madera a Mangistau, Aktyubinsk, Atyrau ndi West Kazakhstan. Zina mwa ntchito za lamuloli, ndizofunika kwambiri kutetezera chuma cha Kazakhstan m'dera la Caspian komanso m'madzi a Nyanja ya Caspian malinga ndi mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko.

3. Lamulo lakuti "South" lili kumadera akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Republic of Kazakhstan ndipo likuchita ntchito yofunikira kwambiri m'mayiko amasiku ano - kuphimba malire akumidzi a Kazakhstan motsutsana ndi zoopseza za Asilamu, kuletsa kugulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kukhazikitsa mgwirizano wamagulu ndi oyandikana nawo akumwera - mamembala a CSTO.

4. Lamulo "East" liri kumbali yakummawa kwa dzikoli, pamalire ndi Russia ndi China. Zapangidwa kuti zikhale ndi zankhondo zambiri m'derali, zisonyeze mphamvu zotetezera ndikukonzekera njira zowonjezera zotsatila potsutsana ndi mayiko ena.

Zida zamakono

Mabomba akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri makamaka zipangizo za Soviet, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano ku makampani a ku Kazakh. Pali zipangizo zochepa zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera ku Russia pambuyo pa chidziwitso cha ufulu, komanso zida zankhondo zomwe zatengedwa chifukwa cha mgwirizano wa usilikali ndi mayiko a NATO. Malingaliro osiyanasiyana, mabomba a pansi ali nawo pafupi matanthwe 2500 mu madigiri osiyanasiyana okonzekera nkhondo. Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, palibe matanki oposa chikwi chimodzi mwabwinobwino. Ambiri amakhala ndi akasinja a T-72 omwe amapangidwa ku Uralvagonzavod, kusintha kwa A ndi B komwe Republic of Kazakhstan inalandira kuchokera ku Soviet Army. Gawo laling'ono, koma lofunika kwambiri, likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akasinkhu akale a T-62, opangidwa ku USSR. Zambiri zokhudza kukhalapo kwa mitundu ina ya magulu a pansi pa mphamvu za pansi sizimapezeka m'ma TV ndipo zimakhala zosayembekezereka.

M'zinthu zambiri, magulu a nthaka ali ndi zida zankhondo za Soviet. Chiwerengero cha makina a mitundu iyi muutumiki sichikhoza kulinganitsidwa molondola, koma ndi magalimoto osachepera chikwi chimodzi (BMP-1, BMP-2, MT-LB) ndi zombo pafupifupi 500 zogwira nsanja (BTR-60K, BTR-70, BTR- 80). Kuwonjezera pa zitsanzo zapamwambazi, pali magalimoto omenyana ambiri a magulu owala kwambiri, monga Turkish Otokar Cobra ndi mgwirizano wa usilikali ndi US HMMWV. Magalimoto ovomerezeka akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Soviet BRDM-2 pa chiwerengero cha ma 150-200 unit.

Mabungwe Oyang'anira Ndege

Zida zoteteza ndege ndi njira zowonongeka ndi mpweya, makompyuta odana ndi ndege komanso mafilimu opangidwa ndi mafilimu omwe amapangidwa kuti apereke mpweya wochokera ku dziko la Republic of Kazakhstan, omwe amathandizira mphamvu zowonongeka kuti zitha kuwonongedwa, komanso kuti azitha kuyendetsa sitimayo ndi kayendetsedwe kaulendo pazinthu za Ministry of Defense .

Muzitsulo zamagulu a chitetezo, pali mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo zamakono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchita ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ndege zankhondo zinkaimira MiG-31 (zidutswa 25), Su-27 (zidutswa 30), ndi asilikali othamanga kutsogolo MiG-29 (pafupifupi 25). Ndege zazikulu zowonongeka za masiku ano ndizo Su-25 ndi MiG-27. Nkhondo zogwira ndege zimakhala ndi ma helicopter a Mi-8 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, komanso Mi-24. Potsutsana ndi izi, Eurocopter helicopters, yomwe yasonkhana ku dziko la Republic of Kazakhstan malinga ndi mgwirizano womwe unalembedwa mu 2012, yang'anani mosiyana. Kuphatikiza pa ndege zonsezi, pali ndege yambiri yobwera zankhondo za Soviet ndi L-39 ya ndege 12 ku Czechoslovak.

Maphunziro oyendetsa ndege oyendetsa ndege amayenera kutchulidwa mosiyana. Chizindikiro ichi ndi maola 100-150 othawa pachaka, omwe amafanana ndi chiwerengero chomwecho mu Air Force ya Russian Federation.

Pafupifupi ndege zonse zotchulidwa pamwambazi zinayambika pa nthawi ya Soviet, ndipo ngakhale kuti zikanakhala zofunikira kwambiri pazaka zapitazi, m'zaka 10 zikubwerazi utsogoleri wa usilikali wa Republic of Kazakhstan udzakumananso ndi kukonzanso zida zankhondo. Mkhalidwe wofananawo ukuwonetsedwa ndi magulu a makina oletsa ndege.

Nkhondo za Madzi

Magulu ankhondo a Republic of Kazakhstan ali ndi ntchito yaikulu yotetezera chuma kapena zofuna zina za Kazakhstan ku Nyanja ya Caspian. Kuphatikiza pa Caspian Flotilla yokha, mahatchi oyenda panyanjayi, mabomba apanyanja ndi maulendo oyenda panyanja ndi amodzi mwa magulu ankhondo.

Chifukwa cha zenizeni za baspian, komanso zochitika zapamwamba, magulu ankhondo apamadzi ali ndi zombo zazing'ono komanso zombo zogwira ntchito. Malinga ndi zomwe zimachokera kumalo otseguka, mu zida za Navy ya Kazakhstan muli zombo zazing'ono 20-22 ndi boti.

Njira yothandizira

Kuitana kwa ankhondo ku Kazakhstan kumachitika kawiri pachaka, kuyambira April mpaka June ndi kuyambira October mpaka December. Mndandanda wa zolembazo umapangidwa kuchokera kwa anyamata a zaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 27. Kutumikira ku nkhondo ya Kazakhstan kwa nzika ndi miyezi 12. Asilikali angakhale pafupi ndi nyumba, komanso kudera lina la dzikoli. Kubwezeretsedwa kwa gulu la nkhondo ku Kazakhstan, kapena ngakhale kuthetsedwa ntchito, kumaperekedwa pamene zaka zambiri zalembedwe, chifukwa cha zifukwa zaumoyo, zomwe sizingalole utumiki wa usilikali, ndi achibale apamtima omwe anaphedwa pamzere wa ntchito, pamaso pa digiri ya sayansi.

Zolemba za draft

Mu 2015, chiwerengero cha anthu olembedwera chidzakhala anthu okwana 29,000, omwe adzakwaniritsa zofunikira za ankhondo a Kazakhstan m'magulu a asilikali. Chiwerengero cha asilikali olemba usilikali chikuchepa pang'onopang'ono ndipo ndi 35%, malinga ndi deta ya chaka chatha. Kupewa ntchito ya usilikali, malinga ndi lamulo la Republic of Kazakhstan, wakhala nthawi yachinyengo ndipo ndi kulangidwa ndi chilango chachikulu komanso nthawi yokhala m'ndende.

Ubale wopanda pake

Kulowa usilikali ku Kazakhstan ndi nkhani yokambirana. Kuyenera kudziŵika kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha ntchito yovomerezeka ya ofesi ya wachisuma, lamulo la asilikali, komanso magulu a maphunziro, pakhala pali chizoloŵezi chabwino cha ankhondo kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha milandu, ndipo anthu odzipha ndi kudzipukuta amadziwika. Motero, tingatsutse kuti asilikali a Kazakhstan, omwe akuwongolerabe, adasankha njira yabwino yothetsera khalidwe la anthu akale omwe akukhala nawo pachiyambi. Izi ziyenera kutchulidwa kuti zochitika ngati kuyang'ana ndi ndalama zosapeŵeka za pulogalamu yolemba zida za boma lililonse.

Kutsiliza

Kuti tifotokoze mwachidule, ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti magulu ankhondo a Republic of Kazakhstan ndi ofunika kwambiri pa dera la Central Asia. Komabe, Kazakhstan sichidziyesa kuti ikutsogolera, koma chidwi chomwe chinaperekedwa kwa asilikali ndi chitukuko chake chimapatsa dzikoli mphamvu zowonjezera, komanso kutenga nawo mbali pa nkhondo yapadziko lonse yolimbana ndi uchigawenga komanso ntchito za kusunga mtendere, zomwe ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya mgwirizano wadziko lonse.