Kampasi mphindi - chuma chachikulu particles pulayimale

Kampasi mphindi maatomu - zofunika thupi vekitala wambiri, amakhala ndi maginito katundu wa chinthu chilichonse. Gwero la nyese, malinga ndi chiphunzitso chakale atomu, microcurrents ali akuwuka kwa elekitironi yozungulira apaulendo. Mphindi maginito - ndi mbali yofunika ya zonse, popanda yekha, particles pulayimale, mtima, nyukiliya ndi elekitironi zipolopolo za mamolekyulu.

Nyese, omwe si zachilendo particles onse pulayimale, malinga ndi zimango kwadzidzidzi, chifukwa kukhalapo kwa mphindi makina iwo anamutcha sapota (patsogolo mwini kwadzidzidzi makina chikhalidwe). The katundu maginito ya atomiki phata sapota nyemba zigwirizana mbali pachimake - a mapulotoni neutrons. Pakompyuta casing (kwapakati pa-kanjira) inunso muli ndi mphindi maginito, ndilo ndalama ya mphindi maginito ya ma elekitironi ali pa izo.

M'mawu ena, kampasi munthawi ya particles pulayimale ndi orbitals atomiki chifukwa zotsatira kwapakati pa-kwadzidzidzi-makina, lotchedwa sapota patsogolo. Amenewa ndi analogous kwa patsogolo okhota wa kasinthasintha padziko chapakati yake olamulira. Sapota patsogolo amayezedwa zonse Planck a - ndi zonse zofunika chiphunzitso kwadzidzidzi.

neutrons onse, ma elekitironi ndi mapulotoni, amene zoona, imakhala atomu, malinga Planck adzalandira sapota wofanana ½. Kapangidwe ka atomu ya ma elekitironi makina a mtima pambali sapota patsogolo kukhala ndi yozungulira okhota patsogolo. Pachimake, ngakhale ali ndi malo akewo alinso okhota patsogolo, amene amalenga zotsatira za sapota nyukiliya.

The maginito zomwe amapanga ya atomiki maginito mphindi anatsimikiza mtima zosiyanasiyana patsogolo okhota. Chopereka kwambiri noticeable kwa maginito kuvumbitsira sapota kwenikweni. Malinga ndi Pauli kupatulana mfundo malinga ndi zomwe ma elekitironi ziwiri zofanana sangathe momwemo pa nthawi yomweyo mu chomwecho boma kwadzidzidzi womangidwa ma elekitironi kuphatikiza ndi sapota zilakolako zawo kosiyana zolosera. Pankhaniyi, nthawi maginito ya elekitironi ndi yafupika, omwe amachepetsa maginito katundu wa dongosolo lonse. Mu ena maselo kukhala ndi chiwerengero cha ma elekitironi, mfundo imeneyi yafupika ziro, ndi thunthu alibenso katundu maginito. Choncho, nthawi maginito ya osiyana particles pulayimale ndi chikoka mwachindunji pa khalidwe maginito a dongosolo lonse nyukiliya atomiki.

zinthu Ferromagnetic ndi wosamvetseka chiwerengero cha ma elekitironi nthawi zonse ndi nyese nonzero chifukwa elekitironi unpaired. Mu zinthu ngati pafupi yozungulira alipo, ndi mphindi onse sapota wa ma elekitironi unpaired kutenga lathu chomwecho mu mlengalenga, imbaenda Kupambana kwa boma mphamvu kuthungo. Zimenezi amatchedwa mogwirizana kuwombola.

Ndi mayikidwe imeneyi ya mphindi maginito maatomu ferromagnetic ndi maginito. A zinthu paramagnetic ongokhala maatomu ndi mphindi zimasochera maginito alibe mwini maginito awo. Koma ngati inu ntchito pa iwo kunja gwero la nyese, mphindi maginito ya ma atomu agwirizane ndi nyengo iwonso kupeza katundu maginito.