Kapangidwe makono a zachuma ndi mbali yake yaikulu

Kuti timvetse molondola akamanena za chuma dziko, m'pofunika kudziwa zimene kapangidwe ka chuma mdziko. Bwaloli ndi zovuta zazikulu limagwirira ongokhala ena zinthu zazikulu.

dziko chuma dongosolo zikuphatikizapo nthambi ndi mtanda chigawo mayanjano, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono, ndipo zigawo maofesi. Iwo kulenga chiwerengero chachikulu cha ulimi ndi kumwa GDP. Pa ubwenzi pakati pa zigawo izi ndi kapangidwe chuma chuma dziko. Kukula khola la zachuma sizingatheke popanda chitukuko mulingo woyenera kwambiri dongosolo la zachuma.

Ambiri dongosolo la zachuma, komanso mitundu yake national - chiphunzitso cha lalikulu ndi osiyanasiyana. Mbaliyi substructures zotsatirazi: m'makalata, madera, ubereki, zinchito ndi umoyo ndi zachuma.

Kapangidwe Kupititsa limasonyeza bwanji kuti mugawane ntchito zachuma kudutsa mayiko komanso madera.

Kapangidwe kubalana ndi zigawo monga kudzikundikira ndi, mowa, katundu. Ndi chinyezimiro cha boma la chuma cha dziko, ngati kukondera mokomera chimodzi limasonyeza udindo olondola a zinthu mu chuma cha dziko. Mwachitsanzo, ngati 100% ya ulimi wa GDP kokha kudya, umasonyeza zinthu wosakhazikika chuma dziko. Chiŵerengero akadakwanitsira ntchito / yosungirako / katundu ndi 70% / 25% / 5%. kufanana izi zimathandiza kuti chitukuko ubale katundu-inatha ndi kuchepetsa kusagwirizana chikhalidwe.

Kapangidwe zinchito amasonyeza bwino kupanga asilikali ndiponso anthu wamba, chimene chiri chofunika kwambiri kwa zinthu umoyo ndi zachuma cha dziko. Yachokera pa zimene lonse, akhoza amanena kuti apamwamba chiwerengero cha kupanga nkhondo, koyipitsitsa mmene chuma chikuyendera m'dzikolo. Pakali pano, ndalama kupanga nkhondo choopsa chitukuko cha m'mayiko ambiri. The mulingo woyenera chiwerengero cha ndalama yake ndi 12% ya GDP. kuti onse pamwamba 6%, zikubweretsa kunyoza kupanga mtendere ndi zachuma.

Kapangidwe umoyo ndi zachuma amadziwika ubale pakati pa mitundu ya kapangidwe umoyo ndi zachuma. Lalikulu mtundu zimadalira mtundu wa chuma, okwana ochepa olekanitsidwa: Fuko ndi dera (popanda chuma payekha), feudalism (ang'onoang'ono umwini kumeneko), ang'ono-ang'ono chofunika (tochepa) ndi bizinesi (ndilo chibadidwe makampani zikuluzikulu, likulu payekha ndi kuphangira).

World chuma nthambi dongosolo lopangidwa ndi kuchuluka mayunitsi kasamalidwe, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka kugawira ntchito ndi kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana. kusanthula zazikulu za citukuko likusonyeza izi magulu chachikulu: mafakitale, agro-mafakitale (kapena ulimi), zomangamanga, kupanga ndipo sanali opanga (ntchito). Nayenso mafakitale izi zikhoza kugawidwa mu subtypes. Mwachitsanzo, makampani lagawidwa migodi ndi kupanga.

Chibwenzi chuma dziko ndi matabwa ake amakhala ndi predominance wa gawo la ntchito. Mu US ndi UK, kufika 80% mu Japan ndi Canada - 70%, mu Germany, Italy ndi France - 60%. Pa nthawi yomweyo, yafupika gawo la ulimi ndi makampani si zoposa 25-30% ya GDP. mumaganiza izi anafotokoza ndi chitukuko mofulumira patsogolo sayansi ndi luso, lomwe limene lachititsa mapangidwe latsopano mafakitale ndi gawo utumiki.

m'mayiko amene kale anali Soviet ili pa pafupifupi mlingo wofanana wa chitukuko. Chuma cha m'mayiko amenewa amakhala ndi gawo mkulu wa ulimi ndi m'mafakitale ndipo, chotero, ntchito otsika mlingo.

Mu m'mayiko gawo ulimi wa kuposa gawo mafakitale. chiŵerengero wawo uli pafupi 20-35% ndipo 10-25% motero.