Kholo lakale - izo ... Makolo akale a Russia. kholo lakale Kirill

Mabishopu - ndi zampingo ulemu apamwamba mu autocephalous Orthodox Christian Church. mawu imakhala mgwirizano wa zigawo ziwiri za muzu ndi Chigiriki kutanthauziridwa monga "tate", "ulamuliro" kapena kuti "Mphamvu." mutuwu Analeredwa Chalcedon bungwe mpingo mu 451. Pambuyo mpingo kugawanika mu 1054 pa kum'mawa (Orthodox) ndi Western (Catholic) dzina limeneli ndi mizu utsogoleri wolowezana wa mpingo Eastern, pamene kholo - wapadera masanjidwe mutu wansembe amene ali wapamwamba kachipembedzo ulamuliro.

mbadwa

Mu Ufumu Byzantine nthawi mpingo ankapita makolo zinayi: Constantinople, Alexandria, Antiokeya komanso Yerusalemu. M'kupita kwa nthawi, ufulu wodzilamulira ndi autocephaly a m'mayiko monga Serbia ndi Bulgaria, zomwe zachititsa mpingo komanso anaima mabishopu. Koma kholo loyamba mu Russia anasankhidwa mu 1589 ndi Moscow Cathedral wa akuluakulu a tchalitchi, anatsogolera pa nthawi imeneyo kholo la Constantinople Yeremiya II.

Mbadwa ya Russia anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa chitukuko ya Tchalitchi cha Orthodox. chosadzikonda chosadzikonda njira zawo analidi zozizwitsa, ndi m'badwo panopa ayenera kudziwa kudziwa ichi, chifukwa aliyense wa Makolo Akale pa siteji zachititsa kuti kulimbitsa chikhulupiriro choona kwa anthu Chisilavo.

Job

Woyamba Moscow mabishopu, wakhala Yobu, yemwe anali ndi udindo wopatsidwa ndi 1589 kuti 1605. cholinga Aika ndi chachikulu chinali kulimbikitsa Orthodoxy mu Russia. Iye anali Mlengi wa nambala ya kusintha mpingo. Pansi dioceses ake atsopano anakhazikitsidwa ndipo panopa mchitidwe, mpingo unayamba kusindikizidwa mabuku pemphero. Komabe, kholo lakale mu 1605 unachotsedwa mwa achiwembuwo ndi opanduka chifukwa chokana kuti kuzindikira ulamuliro wa Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry I.

Hermogenes

Pakuti Yobu Orthodox anatsogolera Svyaschennomuchenik Germogen. ulamuliro wake analembedwa kuyambira 1606 mpaka 1612. Nthawiyi chinachitikira ndi nthawi ya ulamuliro wa chisokonezo kwambiri mbiri Russian. Yobu poyera ndipo ankatsutsa ndi m'derali ndipo Polish Prince, amene akufuna kumanga pa mpando wachifumu Russian. Pa Hermogenes iye analangidwa ndi Poland, amene anamuika m'ndende agulupa Chozizwitsa ndi apo njala. Koma mawu ake adamva, ndipo posakhalitsa anapanga militias kutsogoleredwa ndi Minin ndi Pozharsky.

Filaret

The kholo lotsatira pa nthawi kuchokera 1619 mpaka 1633 anali Fedor Nikitich Romanov Jura, amene pambuyo pa imfa ya Tsar Fedor Romanov anakhala Woyesana chomveka mpando wachifumu wake, monga anali mphwake Ioanna Groznogo. Koma Fedor anagwa manyazi kuti Boris Godunov ndipo tonsured mmonke, kulandira dzina Filaret. Mu nthawi ya chipwirikiti pa Zonama wotchedwa Dmitry II, Metropolitan Filaret atagwidwa. Mikhail Romanov - koma 1613, mwana wa Filaret anasankhidwa Russian tsar. Motero, iye anali co-regent, pomwepo kumbuyo Filaret molimba San mabishopu.

ine Ioasafa

The wolowa kholo lakale Filaret kuchokera 1634 mpaka 1640, Angelezi anakhala bishopu wamkulu wa Pskov ndi Velikiye Ioasafa, amene nthawi yayikulu ya ntchito pa kudzudzulidwa zolakwa mu mabuku a mapemphero. Pamene 23 mabuku mapemphero zinalembedwa, anakhazikitsa mchitidwe umenewu atatu ndi kubwezeretsedwa asanu kale kutsekedwa.

Joseph

Mabishopu ZUZE MBATONGA udindo wa mabishopu kuchokera 1642 chaka 1652. Iye tcheru kwambiri kuti amuululire zinthu zauzimu, kotero Moscow Theological Academy "Rtishchevskaya ubale" pamene anakhazikitsidwa mu 1648. St. Andrew obisika. Ukraine - ndi uyamiko kwa Iye mapazi choyamba cha reunification la Russia ndi Little Russia anatengedwa.

Nikon

Kenako, kuyambira 1652 mpaka 1666 ya Russian Orthodox lotsogoleredwa ndi mabishopu, Nikon. Iye anali kwambiri wokonda moyo wodzimana ndi zauzimu zimene atate, amene mwachangu chinathandiza reunification wa Ukraine ndi Russia, ndiyeno Belarus. Pansi pa zala ziwiri chizindikiro cha mtanda wakhala m'malo ndi zala zitatu.

Joasaph II

Seventh kholo anakhala Joasaph II wa, Archimandrite cha Utatu-Sergio Lavra, amene analamulira kuyambira 1667 mpaka 1672. Anayamba kuyesetsa kukhala kusintha kwa mabishopu, Nikon, pamene adayamba kuphunzitsa anthu mzinda kumpoto kum'mawa kwa Russia kumalire ndi China pamodzi Amur Mtsinje. Mu ulamuliro wa chiphunzitsochi Wake Ioasafa II Spassky ansembe yotchedwa unakhazikitsidwa.

Pitirim

Moscow mabishopu, Pitirim akulamulira miyezi khumi yokha kuchokera 1672 ndi 1673. Ndipo adam'batiza Peipsi obisika Tsar Peter I. Mu 1973, madalitso anakhazikitsidwa Ostashkov Tver obisika.

Joachim

akuyesetsa chotsatira mabishopu, Joachim, ulamuliro mu 1674 ndi 1690, anauzidwa ndi chikoka achilendo pa Russia. Mu 1682, pa nthawi ya mavuto chifukwa kusintha kwa mabishopu, Joachim anapanga kuthetsa kugalukira musketeers.

Andrian

Chakhumi mabishopu, Andrian atsogoleri anakhala kuchokera 1690 mpaka 1700 ndipo kunali kofunika kuti anayamba kuthandiza njira ya Peter Ine yomanga panyanja, asilikali ndi kukonzanso chuma. Ntchito yake anali pachibale kusunga malamulo ndi chitetezo cha mpingo ku chisokonezo.

Tikhon

Ndiyeno, zaka pokhapokha 200 wa nthawi Synodal kuchokera 1721 mpaka 1917, anakwera mabishopu, Metropolitan wa Moscow ndipo Kolomna Tikhon, amene analamulira kuyambira 1917 mpaka 1925. M'nkhani ya nkhondo yapachiweniweni ndi zisinthe, iye anali kuthana ndi mavuto ndi boma latsopano, maganizo oyipa kwa mpingo.

Sergio

Popeza 1925, Metropolitan Sergio wa Nizhny Novgorod anakhala wachiwiri kwa Mkulu wa Mabishopu Locum Tenens. Pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo iwo unapangidwa bungwe ndi Fund silikhali, amene amaukitsa ndalama ana ndi atsopano. Panali ngakhale chokhazikitsidwa thanki ndime pansi pa dzina la wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy. Kuyambira 1943 mpaka 1944 iye ndinadzozedwa mabishopu.

Alexis I

Mu February 1945, mabishopu Alexy Ine, ulendo wake wachifumu mpaka 1970, anali osankhidwa. Iye anachita kubwezeretsa ntchito za mipingo anawonongedwa ndi mchitidwe umenewu nkhondo itatha, kukhazikitsa kulankhula ndi mlongo Orthodox Churches, Mpingo wa Roma Katolika, Non-Chalcedonian mipingo ya East ndi Achiprotestanti.

Pimen

Mutu wotsatira wa Mpingo Orthodox anali mabishopu, Pimen, kuswa ku ofesi kuchokera 1971 mpaka mu 1990. Iye anakhala m'malo mwa kusinthika anayamba ndi mbadwa m'mbuyomu, ndipo akuyesetsa onse kulimbitsa ubale pakati pa dziko Orthodox m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. M'chaka cha 1988 mabishopu, Pimen anatsogolera pokonzekera chikondwerero cha Millennium wa Ubatizo wa Lazaro.

Alexy II

Kuyambira mu 1990 kufika mu 2008, mabishopu, wa Moscow Alexy anakhala Bishop II. muulamuliro wake chifukwa chitukuko aluntha ndi chitsitsimutso cha Russian Orthodox. Mipingo yambiri ndi mchitidwe umenewu panatseguka pa nthawi ino. Chochitika chachikulu chinali kutsegula kwa kachisi wa Khristu Mpulumutsi Moscow. Mu 2007, iwo anasaina pempho Act wa Kusiyana Orthodox ku tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox Kunja kwa Russia.

Kirill

January 27, 2009 iye anasankha chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi wa mabishopu wa Moscow, omwe anakhala Metropolitan wa Smolensk ndi Kaliningrad Kirill. Izi wansembe wotchuka wolemera kwambiri mbiri, chifukwa ndi wansembe cholowa. Mu zaka zisanu cha ulamuliro wake, mabishopu, Kirill anadzionetsa ngati wandale odziwa ndi woyenera kachipembedzo nthumwi, angakhale zotsatira zabwino mu zikomo nthawi yochepa ubale waukuru ndi Pulezidenti ndi nduna yaikulu.

Kholo lakale Kirill amachita zambiri kugwirizanitsa Mpingo Orthodox Russian kunja. maulendo kawirikawiri maiko oyandikana, misonkhano ndi atumiki nthumwi za zikhulupiriro zina kulimbitsa ndi kukuza wochezeka komanso kumvera malire. Holiness wake amadziwa bwino kuti m'pofunika kukweza makhalidwe komanso uzimu wa anthu makamaka ansembe. Iye ananena kuti mpingo ndi zofunika kuchita zinthu waumishonale. Kholo la onse Russia, zikuchepa amatsutsa aphunzitsi onyenga ndipo magulu kwakukulu kuti aponyedwe mu chisokonezo ndi zoonekeratu. Chifukwa cha zokamba okongola ndi mawu zobisika chida cha kuwonongedwa kwa Mpingo. Mabishopu Kirill ngati palibe amene amadziwa chimene udindo waukulu. Kodi yaikulu kufunika kwake ku moyo wa m'dzikolo. Kholo lakale - ndi koposa zonse, ndi udindo waukulu kwa dziko lonse ndi lonse Russian anthu Orthodox.