Kodi kupanga kusanthula mawu zikuchokera

Analysis wa zikuchokera mawu (kapena morphemic - mawu akuti "morpheme" zimene zikusonyeza osachepera kwambiri chigawo chimodzi mawu) - choyimira cha kusanthula chinenero. cholinga chake - kudziwa structural zikuchokera chizindikiro cha. Kutanthauza kuti tipende olondola a zikuchokera mawu, muyenera kupeza ndi kusankha zigawo zonse zimene anamanga zina mawu mawonekedwe. kusanthula zimenezi (osati kusokonezedwa ndi morphological, kumene mawu tikambirana mfundo za umembala mu gawo makamaka wa kulankhula) ndipo anaitana morphemic.

Parsing mawu zikuchokera ayenera kuyamba ndi kukhazikitsa malire a lililonse morpheme, kuti m'pofunika molondola kudziwa manambala oyambirira, muzu, suffix, mathero maziko. Koma M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti si mtundu uliwonse mawu ayenera muli zonse zilipo morpheme: mwachitsanzo, "sukulu" ndi muzu (-shkol-), suffix (-n-) ndipo mapeto (-s). Koma nawonso, (ndipo si zachilendo kwa chinenero chamakono Russian), pali mawu omwe mizu angapo, prefixes kapena suffixes. Motero, "Sitima" ali mizu awiri (-par- ndi -hod-) a suffix (-n-) ndi kutha (-s). A "Akamalankhula" wapangidwa ndi muzu (-slush-) ndi suffixes awiri (-a- ndi -tel-), koma alibe manambala oyambirira ndipo mapeto a mawu awa adzakhala ziro (yokhala m'kukoma kulemba makalata).

Kotero, kuti tipende woona wa zikuchokera mawu, m'pofunika kukumbukira tanthauzo la osachepera zofunika mayunitsi watanthauzo wa chinenero. Home morpheme limene likutengera tanthauzo lexical (ie akufotokoza tanthauzo) ndipo chiri gawo wamba mawu osakwatiwa-muzu - muzu.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati kwa mndandanda wotsatira wa zokhudzana "madzi", "madzi", "sitima zapamadzi", "Vodicka" - adzakhala -water. Mawu opanda mizu ya chinenero cha Chirasha kulibe. Ndipo apa wapangidwa chokha cha izo - kwambiri za "akuthamanga", "kokaonera mafilimu", "kwambiri", "kavalo", "kunyumba".

Morpheme yomwe imatenga malo ake mu mawu pamaso muzu, otchedwa manambala oyambirira ndi kuimirira pambuyo iye - suffix. Ndi momveka bwino kuti n'zosatheka kuti abwere ndi chizindikiro, amene adzakhala ali yekha ndi manambala oyambirira ofanana kapena suffix yekha.

M'pofunika kuganizira Ndondomeko posankha morphemes kupanga kusanthula morphemic cha mawu zikuchokera. Muzu, manambala oyambirira ndi suffix asayansi-akatswiri a zinenero amanena kuti morphemes derivational. Ndiko kuti, ngati imene mawu wa chinenero cha zithunzi. Komanso derivational kutali ulili. Iwo kulibe kuti apange zosiyanasiyana mkati chizindikiro chomwecho, ndi kwa mawu a tanthauzo kalembedwe. Pakuti mtundu uwu morphemes ali ikutha ndipo ena suffixes.

Mapeto - .. Kodi mtundu wa morpheme, imene imagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana za mau omwewo komanso kukhala chizindikiro cha jenda kalembedwe, chiwerengero, case, nthawi, etc. Mukhonza kusankha kuchokera kumadera variable wa kulankhula.

Komabe, tiyenera kusiyanitsa mawu amene alibe mathero, ndi null-kutsazikana. Monga tanenera kale, alibe njira mawu amene sasintha - adverbial participle, adverb, indeclinable manauni, adjectives, ataima mlingo poyerekeza. A zomvetsa ziro - si yokhala anasankha chizindikiro variable mawu kalembedwe tanthauzo. Zitsanzo za kupanga -l- suffixes angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zinachitika kale kasewenzetsedwe ka mau (kupita-Th + suffix -n) -e-, amene anapanga madigiri chitsanzo mu adjectives ndi adverbs (mokweza - mokweza).

Pomaliza, mawu ali m'munsi - zigawo zake zonse wopanda mathero. Popitirira maphunziro kusukulu, n'zotheka kudziwa m'munsi mbali ya zizindikiro ndi osati wopanda mathero komanso popanda suffix zoyambirira.

M'pofunika kuganizira ndondomeko ya kudziwa morphemes, kupanga kusanthula mawu zikuchokera. Zitsanzo kusanthula morphemic:

"Forest"

1. Mapeto - "TH"
2. Base - ndi "nkhalango"
3. Muzu - "nkhalango"
4. Suffix - ndi "N"

"Wogwila"

1. Mapeto - "ndi"
2. Maziko - "wantchito"
3. Muzu - "ntchito"
4. Kutonthoza - "ndi"
5. The suffix - "Nick"

Choncho, Polongosola mwachidule zotsatira pa "mawu Parsing pa zikuchokera", tisaiwale kuti yekha potsatira dongosolo linalake: kupeza kumapeto (ngati), udindo maziko, kukhazikitsa kumene muzu (by kusankha mawu amodzi-mizu), sankhani suffix, manambala oyambirira (ngati), mukhoza kupewa zolakwa.