Kodi kusintha chizindikiro cha khungu ndi kupanga zilili masiku ano chiphunzitso cha ndende

Popeza Kupezeka kwa selo pamaso pa malo atsopano a chiphunzitso selo, zinatitengera zaka pafupifupi 400 wakhala anakonza. Kwa maselo nthawi yoyamba ankafunsidwa mu 1665 ku England zachilengedwe Robert Guk. Atazindikira ndi woonda kagawo Nkhata Bay dongosolo ma, iye adawapasa dzina ya chipindacho.

Mu maso ake wosazindikira Hooke akadali sanathe kuona maonekedwe, koma ndi kusintha kwa zipangizo kuwala, zikamera wa njira wothandizila kudetsa, asayansi ambiri kumizidwa mu dziko la nyumba wochenjera cytological.

Kodi chiphunzitso selo

Anapeza chosaiwalika, kulimbikitsa njira zina za kafukufuku pa boma pano chiphunzitso selo, anapanga mu 30s za m'ma XIX. Scot R. Brown, kuphunzira zomera pepala ntchito maso kuwala, zopezeka mu chomera maselo ofanana chisindikizo anamaliza amene kenako otchedwa mtima.

Kuyambira nthawi kuti panali chizindikiro zofunika kuyerekezera ndi mzake mayunitsi structural ya zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene anakhala maziko a anapeza umodzi wa magwero a zinthu zamoyo. Nzosadabwitsa ngakhale pano boma chiphunzitso selo lili kugwirizana pa mfundo imeneyi.

Magwero a maselo linapangidwa mu 1838 ndi German katswiri Matthias Schleiden. Misa kufufuza chomera chuma, anaona kuti zonse chomera moyo minofu mitima pamaso ndi kuvomerezedwa.

katswiri wake compatriot Theodor Schwann anapanga mfundo imodzi za zimakhala nyama. Ataphunzira ntchito Schleiden ndi poyerekeza ambiri zomera ndi nyama maselo, izo anapeza kuti ngakhale zosiyanasiyana, iwo onse amakhala mbali wamba - ndi chokongoletsedwa pachimake.

Ma chiphunzitso cha Schwann ndi Schleiden

Ndi kusonkhanitsa mfundo za selo T. Schwann ndi M. Schleiden patsogolo pa zinthu zopanda waukulu wa chiphunzitso cha ndende. Mpheroyi chakuti zamoyo zonse (nyama ndi zomera) amapangidwa ndi maselo ofanana mu dongosolo.

Mu 1858 izo anapangidwa mmodzi kwambiri Kuwonjezera chiphunzitso cha ndende. Rudolf Virhov anatsimikizira kuti thupi kumawonjezera chifukwa cha kuchuluka selo ndi kugawa kholo pachiyambi. Zikuoneka zoonekeratu, koma kwa nthawi anatulukirazo zinali zotsogola kwambiri ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa.

Pa nthawi imeneyo, udindo watsopano wa Schwann selo chiphunzitso mu mabuku ndi kukonza motere:

1. Zonse zimakhala zinthu zamoyo ndi dongosolo ma.
2. maselo nyama ndi zomera popangidwa ndi njira yofanana (Chigawo selo) ndipo ndi dongosolo ofanana.
3. thupi imakhala magulu maselo, aliyense angathe ufulu.

Anakhala mmodzi wa atulukira lofunika kwambiri la m'ma XIX, chiphunzitso selo maziko Maganizo a mgwirizano wa chiyambi ndi wamba zamoyo zinachita chitukuko cha zamoyo.

Komanso chitukuko cha chidziwitso cytological

Kusintha njira kufufuza ndi zida walola asayansi kwambiri yolimbitsira kudziwa za kapangidwe ndi selo ntchito:

• kutsimikiziridwa kugwirizana kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya organelles munthu ndi maselo lonse (cytostructure specialization);
• mukachipinda payekha umaonetsa katundu onse chofuna kuchita zinthu zamoyo (kukula, kubereka, kuphana pa nkhaniyi ndi mphamvu chilengedwe, ndi makina kuti kusinthasintha mmene Amasintha kusintha neri Al.);
• organelles akhoza pawokha kuonetsa katundu zofanana;
• nyama, bowa, zimagwidwa pa kapangidwe chomwecho ndi ntchito za organelles;
• maselo onse m'thupi ndi zogwirizana ndi kugwira ntchito mogwirizana, kuchita zinthu zovuta.

Ndi zinthu latsopano, chakudya cha chiphunzitso Schwann ndi Schleiden anali woyengedwa wodzilemekeza ndiponso. Modern dziko la sayansi amagwiritsa postulates patsogolo chiphunzitso chachikulu mu zamoyo.

5 udindo chiphunzitso ano selo

Mu mabuku pali osiyana chiwerengero cha mfundo za chiphunzitso ano selo Baibulo yonse lili ndi zinthu zisanu:

1. Selo lili laling'ono (maziko) dongosolo moyo, dongosolo la maziko, kubereka, chitukuko ndi ntchito zamoyo. nyumba Non-ma sitinganene kuti amoyo.
2. maselo kuoneka yekha ndi kugawa anthu alipo.
3. Mipweya ndiponso dongosolo la mayunitsi structural a zamoyo zonse ndi zofanana.
4. Multicellular chamoyo akufotokozera ndi kukula ndi fission la munthu / angapo maselo pachiyambi.
5. A ofanana dongosolo ma ya zamoyo okhala Earth, zikusonyeza nkhani yodziwika chiyambi.

Koyamba ndipo panopa malo a chiphunzitso foni m'njira zambiri. Kukulitsa ndi kukukulirakulira postulates kusonyeza zikuchitika kwa kudziwa pa dongosolo, moyo ndi anzake maselo.