Nobel Prize kukula. Nobel Prize: mbiri ya yatsoka

The Nobel Prize ndi zapamwamba sayansi mphoto mu dziko. maloto ake chotenga asayansi m'minda osiyana. Kudziwa za zinthu zomwe takwaniritsa atsopano a anthu chinali ndi mphoto imeneyi, mtengo munthu aliyense ophunzira. Pamene iye waonekera ziti zimene sayansi akhoza kuwapeza?

Ndi chiyani icho?

The mphoto pachaka dzina pambuyo Swedish injiniya, industrialist ndi zatsopano. Alfred Bernhard Nobel anayambitsa ake. Komanso, iye ali ndi thumba kumene ndalama allocated. Mbiri ya Nobel Prize kumayambira zaka mazana makumi awiri. Popeza 1901, komiti yapadera ndiyo opambana m'magulu monga sayansi, mankhwala ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa, umagwirira, mabuku ndi chitetezo cha mtendere. Mu 1969, sayansi yatsopano yawonjezedwa mndandanda. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Commission ananenanso katswiri zabwino m'munda wa chuma. Mwina mtsogolo kudzakhala siyana latsopano, koma pa mphindi phunziroli ngati chochitika si maphunziro.

Monga mphoto kumeneko?

Mbiri ya Nobel Prize ndi chidwi kwambiri. Iwo amagwirizana ndi chochitika mdima kwambiri mu moyo wa tate wake. Monga mukudziwa, Alfred Nobel anali anayambitsa dynamite. Pamene 1889 m'bale wake Ludwig anafa, mtolankhani wa nyuzipepala ndipo anasokoneza mbiri yamoyo wa Alfred. lemba anamutcha wamalonda imfa. Alfred Nobel anali mantha pa chiyembekezo kukhalabe kukumbukira anthu kukhoza koteroko. Anayamba kuganiza za zimene zikhoza anasiya, ndipo analemba Chipangano wapadera. Ndi izo, iye ankaganiza kusintha zinthu ndi dynamite.

Chifuniro Alfreda Nobelya

lemba Odziwika pathupi ndi Mukalowa mu 1895 ku Paris. Malinga ndi chifuniro, katundu otsalira pambuyo executors ayenera umasinthanitsidwa sheya, limene thumba udzakhazikitsidwe. Chidwi pa likulu chifukwa azigwiritsa ntchito mphoto asayansi amene kubweretsa phindu kwambiri kwa anthu. Iwo ayenera kugawidwa mu magawo asanu: imodzi kwa munthu amene anapeza kapena anatulukira chinthu chatsopano m'munda wa sayansi, ina ya sayansi kwambiri luso, wachitatu zimatanthauza madokotala abwino, wachinayi - kwa mlengi wa ntchito yaikulu mabuku a chaka anadzipereka ku malingaliro anthu, ndi wachisanu - munthu amene angathandize kuti akhazikitse mtendere mu dziko, kumenyera kuchepetsa wa makamu, chiyembekezo chakuti ukapolo ndi ubwenzi wa anthu. Monga mwa chifuniro chake, Nobel Prize kwa magulu oyamba awiri mphoto ofunitsitsa ndi Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Mu kusankha mankhwala zimapangitsa Royal Karolinska Institute ya Sweden Academy anasankha zolembalemba, ndi wotsiriza - komiti ya anthu asanu. Amasankhidwa ndi msokhano wa Storting Norway.

Miyeso ya mphoto

Popeza mphoto anatsimikiza ndi peresenti likulu padera Nobile, kukula kwake zimasiyanasiyana. Poyamba mana anaperekedwa mu akorona, kuchuluka choyamba chinali 150 zikwi. Tsopano kukula kwa Nobel Prize wakula kwambiri ndi kuupereka kwa dollar US. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndichidziwitso miliyoni. Kamodzi ndalama ali mu thumba nkutha, kutha ndi bonasi. Nobel kuchuluka poyamba nkhani pafupifupi mamiliyoni 32 kurono zaloŵedwa Swedish, chotero, nkhani kuti ndalama bwino, zaka zonse izi, chinawonjezeka yekha. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwapa chidwi si kulola kuti tikwaniritse bajeti zabwino - mphoto ya ndalama za mwambo ndi nkhani za makonzedwe ndi wovulaza. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, kukula kwa Nobel Prize, anaganiza kuchepetsa pofuna mtendere wa Fund mwa mawu yaitali. Akuluakulu pa akuchita zonse zotheka kulisunga ngati n'zotheka.

kumuyalutsa banja

Ngati mbiri anatenga njira zosiyana, kuwala sadzamangidwanso kuoneka mphoto imeneyi. Nobel ndalama chinali chachikulu kwambiri kuti banja sakanakhoza kubwera kwa mawu ndi imfa ya mwamuna wake. Atamwalira anayambitsa wina wa ena ayamba mayesero amene anayesera kuti ndikutsutsa chifuniro. Nobel anali ndi zazikulu nyumba Nice ndi Paris, kwa zasayansi mu Russia, Finland, Italy, Germany ndi England, ambiri zokambirana ndi mafakitale. Onse katundu olowa ankafuna kugawanitsa pakati pawo. Komabe, Storting anaganiza kuzindikira chifuniro. Solicitors mochedwa kugulitsa katundu wake, nthawi ndi kukula kwa Nobel Prize anali naye. Achibale anapita Uwerenge miliyoni.

thumba anakhazikitsa

The Prize Nobel, mbiri ya limene linayamba ndi choyalutsa, chinali choyamba kupereka mu 1900 chokha. Bungwe Royal anakumana June 29, 1900, limene zonse akhala kuwunikira ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi thumba boma. Pa mbali ya ndalama utapezeka nyumba imene inkakhala. Mu December 1901 izo unachitikira ulaliki loyamba la zimene ankachitazo. Nobel Prize kukula kwa zana ndi makumi asanu zikwi anali woyamba ndi ambiri ndiwofatsa. Mu 1968, ku Bank of Sweden ali anapereka kuti asankhe ndi akatswiri mu munda wa chuma. Nobel Prize munda wa anasankha Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Choyamba kupereka mu 1969.

Malamulo a mwambo

Testament limasonyeza yekha kukula kwa Nobel Prize ndi Science, chifukwa cha kuphunzira zimene ofufuza tisaiwale. Malamulo ndi kusankha ankayenera kupangidwa kale chuma. Iwo anayamba m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, ndipo kuyambira pafupifupi palibe kusintha. Malinga ndi malamulo, mphoto akhoza kupereka kwa anthu angapo, koma iwo sangakhoze kukhala oposa atatu. Ngati obatizidwayo anafa December pa nthawi ya mwambo, koma iye anali moyo pa kulengeza kusankhidwa mu October, adzalandira ndalama atamwalira. Nobel Foundation sakutero mphoto mphatso, nauza ku m'makomiti apadera aliyense malangizo. mamembala awo afunefune thandizo la asayansi osiyana sayansi. Prize mabuku kupereka akatswiri bwino za zilankhulo. Laureate mu nomination wa dziko osankhidwa ndi upo asayansi m'munda wa nzeru, malamulo sayansi ndale, mbiri, anaitanidwa kukambirana kanjedza anthu. Nthawi zina katswiri lingapereke wodandaulayu panokha. Ufulu umenewu wa opindula zaka zam'mbuyo ndi membala wa Swedish Academy of Sciences. kusankhidwa onse anavomereza pamaso 1 February m'chaka kuti adzakhala bonasi. Pamaso September aliyense maganizo ndi ayesedwa ndi kukambirana. M'kupita kwa zikwi akatswiri zedi. Maphunziro umatha, makomiti kutumiza ofuna wobvomerezedwayo mwa nthawi boma kumene sayansi Nobel Prize ntchito, umene kusankha. M'munda wa sayansi, umagwirira ndi sayansi zachuma ndi gulu lalikulu la oimira Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, mu lirilonse la anthu twente-faifi. Medicine nawo mamembala makumi asanu a Institute Karolinska. Literature - khumi asayansi ku Sweden Academy. Peace Prize, Norway mphoto Nobel Komiti. Mu October otsiriza anatengera mfundo ananena pa msonkhano wa atolankhani ku Stockholm pa dziko, limodzi ndi ndemanga pa zifukwa aliyense kusankha. Ndi December 10 opindula ndi mabanja awo anaitanidwa ku mwambowu.