Kodi madigiri mu mowa wamphamvu ambiri? Revs, madigiri ndi GOST

Mowa wamphamvu ndi wolimba mowa chakumwa. Kodi madigiri mu mowa wamphamvu ambiri? mankhwala limeneli linakonzedwa ntchito processing njira wapangidwa ndi mowa (40-56%) ndi madzi ndi kusefera wotsatira.

Kuchokera pa zimene zosakaniza imakhala vodika

Mmodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika kwambiri za mowa, amene analandira mwa kuchitira tirigu kapena ya mbewu zina monga chimanga ndi mbatata. Nthaka chisakanizo cha zipangizo tenderize ndiyeno yisiti n'kumugawa m'magulumagulu zimene zimalimbikitsa nayonso mphamvu. Ndiye misa ili aikidwa mu gulu lapadera kwa processing zina. Choncho analandira ndi mowa woyeretsedwa. Koma 100% njira mowa kupeza mwakhama kwambiri, koma zosatheka chifukwa zosafunika udzakhalabe pano (ngakhale zedi zing'onozing'ono). Komanso, mankhwala chifukwa Chinawonjezeka wina kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kukonzanso kuyeretsedwa ikuchitika ntchito adamulowetsa mpweya. vodika kuti anali onunkhira ndi zambiri kosangalatsa kukoma, ndi kuwonjezera pang'ono citric acid, shuga, uchi, lalanje zest, mandimu ndi zipatso zina, mkaka ndi zina, malingana Chinsinsi kuphika.

opanga osiyana ndi luso lawo, kuphatikizapo osiyanasiyana madzi adzakhala osiyana lililonse. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito otchezedwa kapena yophika, koma iwo ali bwino sungunuka mowa. Madzi wapampopi anyamula wambirimbiri salt, chifukwa mowa wamphamvu si mandala, ndi yochitidwa.

Kukwaniritsa softness wa madzi, amawapopa kudzera sefa mchenga, kutsatira cation exchanger mankhwala ndi m'malo ena. Iwo analetsa madzi a matope ndi fungo munthu wowononga ndi kukoma.

Madigirii a mowa vodika ambiri

Amadziwika kuti mowa - chimodzi zofunikira zili chakumwa choledzeretsa. Pogula mowa wamphamvu, timalakwitsa kulabadira madigiri zimene zinatchulidwa pa chizindikiro mu mawonekedwe a kanjedza ndi yaing'ono bwalo pafupi (pamwamba). Kodi madigiri mu mowa wamphamvu ambiri? vodika Traditional ali linga 40 ° -45 °. Izi njira yabwino kwa iwo amene kale akufuna. 40 digiri mowa chakumwa si kuwotcha m'mimba.

Anthu ena opanga anayamba uzipereke kuchuluka kwa mphamvu mowa kwambiri kumwa vinyo. Choncho, kuona kuchuluka kulemera limasonyeza kuchuluka madigiri (mwachitsanzo, 40 °), ndi kuona buku - kuchuluka (mwachitsanzo, ". Linga 16-18 Vol%" Kapena ". Mowa 18 Vol%").

Kodi inu kupeza 40 digiri mowa wamphamvu? Kuti tichite zimenezi, kusakaniza madigiri 90 mowa ndi kuchuluka kwa 100 ml 130 ml ya madzi. Kupeza chiŵerengero cha: gawo 1 mowa ndi madzi a 1.3. zosakaniza unsankhula monga shuga, pafupifupi ziribe mphamvu pa mphamvu ya kumwa.

Kodi mowa ntchito kupanga vodika

Mowa - madzimadzi kuti ali katundu flammable. Mu 100% buku okwana Mowa ndi 96,6%, ndipo ndicho chifukwa chake imatchedwa ethyl. Kudzatha (amathamanga umene kachiwiri iterative kuyeretsa zosafunika ku mowa) ethyl mowa wothira madzi kuti mankhwala.

Khalidwe la Mowa zimadalira mmene chitakonzedwa: choyamba kalasi - 96%, oyera apamwamba - 96,2%, Maapatimenti - 96,3%, ndi owonjezera kufika 96,5%. Palinso mowa akusisita.

mfundo Quality (Standard)

Kodi madigiri mu mowa wamphamvu ambiri? mfundo vodika kupanga operekedwa ndi ntchito mitundu isanu mwayeretsa mowa (kudzatha) "Apamwamba kuyeretsa", "Lux", "Owonjezera", "Alpha" ndi "wapamwamba". Otsiriza awiri awa ali apamwamba alcohols. kupangidwa udzakhazikitsidwe osati kale, koma wapeza ntchito zake kupanga mwanaalirenji vodika zakumwa ( "umafunika" kalasi). "Lux", "Alpha" ndi "Super" opangidwa yekha kwa mbewu. Pamene zotsimikizira alcohols monga "Owonjezera" ndi "Apamwamba kuyeretsa" angagwiritse ntchito zipangizo zina zosaphika, monga mbatata kapena Beet shuga. Makampani ena okhudzana ndi munda wa mankhwala, akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito akusisita mowa. Mu mowa wamphamvu chotsirizidwa ayenera mulibe furfural.

mowa alumali moyo ulibe malire. Koma nthawi yomweyo m'pofunika kutsatira zinthu. zakumwa mowa wamphamvu ayenera kukhala mosamalitsa malinga ndi zofunikira za mfundo malangizo, potsatira malamulo a ukhondo. Kodi madigiri mu mowa wamphamvu ambiri? chakumwa mphamvu ayenera kukhala osachepera 37,5%. Kuchuluka kwa poizoni ndi radionuclides sayenera upambana mlingo kololeka. mowa akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito oyera okha.

Ntchito vodika zakumwa

Sambani pansi ndi chakumwa Sikuti ngati simukufuna kusokoneza kukoma. Koma ngati njira Sikuti zigwirizane inu, inu mukhoza kutenga chikho cha madzi opanda. Palibe sangathe kumwa mowa wamphamvu kwa pulasitiki makapu (disposable), kuyambira zotsimikizira tableware chopanda ntchito zinthu zimene zili zoipa thanzi, koma zimathandiza kuti mphamvu ya nkhaniyo. Anadzazidwa ndi chidakwa chakumwa chikho zimatulutsa ziphe zimene kudziunjikira ndi moyipa bwanji thupi lanu.

Mpunga vinyo (cha): madigiri

Mpunga vinyo - angati madigiri chakumwa imeneyi? Rice mowa wamphamvu, kapena "cha" amatchedwa vodika Japanese. Chithunzi ntchito popanga lalikulu, muli wambirimbiri wowuma. Koma si bwino ndithu kuti amalitchula kumwa mowa wamphamvu, kuyambira m'kati distillation yokonza kulibe, ndipo komabe izo ziyenera pokonza mankhwala amenewa. Ndicho chifukwa chake imatchedwa mpunga vinyo, zomwe luso zachokera nayonso mphamvu, osati nayonso mphamvu. Komanso cha opotoka mowa, ramu, liqueurs ndipo ngakhale poyerekeza ndi jang'ala ofooka.

Madigirii a cha ambiri - mpunga vinyo? Cha amakhala ndi lightness ake ndi zofewa poyerekeza ndi zina mowa wamphamvu zakumwa. mphamvu kwa 14.5% 20%, nthawizina kufika 25% (malingana ndi mtundu wa cha ndipo akupanga zake). Ngati kokha yophika mpunga vinyo, ndiye mphamvu zake si oposa 15%. Tingafinye timapitiriza linga 20% ndi zina zambiri, koma mu dziko chiyambi cha Chifukwa - Japan - zambiri kuchepetsedwa kuti kupeza madigiri zosaposa 16. Pano pali chiŵerengero cha mowa wamphamvu / cha: 40 ° 16 °, nchifukwa chake chakumwa sitinganene kuti vodika .

KUSIYANA KWA Aqua regia

Aqua regia - angati madigiri chakumwa? Ndipo kotero kaya ndi "mfumu"? dzina chisoni zinthu sikutanthauza kuti angakwanitse ntchito kokha olemekezeka. madzimadzi lakonzedwa zolinga zosiyana.

Aqua regia ndi osakaniza a hydrochloric acid nitric (chiŵerengero cha buku 1 W). Iwo ali chikasu mtundu, fungo yosiyanasiyana ya chlorine ndi asafe. mankhwala ndi imodzi mwa oxidants amphamvu kwambiri, akhoza kuyimisa zitsulo onse, kuphatikizapo golide ndi pulatinamu. Koma izi regia katundu Aqua kutha ngati chikhazikitso ndi nthawi yaitali sanali anatseka (chloro momwe ikuwombedwa).

Madigirii angati mu mowa wamphamvu US

The zosakaniza mu mankhwala ndi chimodzimodzi ndi kupanga ofanana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. opanga kwambiri US mowa kupanga mowa wamphamvu kukwaniritsa madzi zofewa chifukwa otentha ndi distillation.

Madigirii a mowa vodika ambiri, amene Achimereka akumwa? Krepkoalkogolnym America zakumwa, kuphatikizapo mowa wamphamvu, wodziwika zosiyanasiyana ake ndi apamwamba. Linga American vodika si mkulu. zopangidwa makamaka wotchuka ngati "44 ° North kumpoto", "Smirnoff" (50 °), «Volfshmidt", "Black Eagle" ndi ena ambiri.