Kodi mungatani kuti chonde nthaka? Phunzirani zimene chonde zimatengera

Nthaka ndi topezeka kwachilengedwenso zimene zinthu zonse zamoyo zimadalira pa kukula kwawo ndi ntchito. Tsogolo yokolola kudziwa kapangidwe kake ndi makhalidwe.

Chonde - luso kukula zomera wathanzi, kuwapatsa zofunika chakudya, mpweya ndi madzi. Pa wabwino m'dziko zipse zipatso lalikulu zedi. Kodi Mzimuyo ndi chonde nthaka?

Zinthu zokhudza mbewu

• Kapangidwe Natural nthaka chifukwa kulunjika wa zone nyengo.
• Kupezeka kwa pansi ndi akuya asayembekezere.
• Mlingo wa kuwononga dziko.

Izi si ndandanda, kumene chonde zimatengera. Palinso opangidwa zinthu. Zomveka kasamalidwe ka chuma, agrotechnical processing, fetereza - icho chiri Mzimuyo chonde wa dothi kulima ulimi.

Kodi kusintha chonde

Choncho nthaka yabwino nthaka wakuda ankaona. mapangidwe ake chikuchitika zaka mazana angapo, chiwonongeko n'zotheka zaka 3-5. M'kupita kwa nthawi, leaching amapezeka humus nthaka kapangidwe yatsekera, ambiri tizilombo aphedwa, ndipo otaya mpweya ndi madzi zomera likuipiraipira. Kodi mungatani kuti chonde nthaka?

The ndondomeko kuchira zimadalira dongosolo nthaka. Pamaso mmene kusintha chonde, m'pofunika kufufuza chomwe iwo wapangidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mu clayey lapansi peat, laimu, kuuluka phulusa, utuchi. Apanga nthaka friable ndi permeable, oyenera ulimi.

The peat ndi wakuda lapansi dothi ndi mwachilungamo zonse ntchito feteleza organic (manyowa, kompositi, mbalame zitosi). Kuwonjezera asafe iwo ali tizilombo zothandiza angathe kukonza chonde mu kangapo mu nthawi yochepa.

Kodi mungatani kuti chonde nthaka? Choyamba, muyenera kuonanso asidi-maziko ake anachita. Yachokera pa zotsatira za kufufuza kuchitapo kanthu zina. Nthaka acidic dothi adzakhala kupanga yoyenera hydrated laimu, dolomite kukumba m'dzinja. Zamchere lapansi, m'malo mwake, acidified gypsum.

Ngati topsoil zatha chifukwa cha opaleshoni yaitali, muyenera kumupatsa yopuma.

Maholide nthaka

Nthaka kwambiri chonde ayenera nthawi zina. Inu simungakhoze kukula mbewu imodzi pamalo amodzi kwa zaka zingapo. Zimenezi zimabweretsa zikutha m'mayiko dothi.

Kodi ndingatani kuti nthaka kapangidwe ndi ndalama zochepa? Kuchira dziko seeded wobiriwira manyowa, amene bwino dongosolo ndi ochititsa zakudya kwambiri. Izi manyowa obiriwira ndi nkhani zachilengedwe organic, achititsa kuti pakhale humus. Asafe zili si otsika siderates manyowa. Komanso, kusintha kapangidwe nthaka. A kwafalikira zimawachititsa namsongole mpikisano. Monga wobiriwira manyowa zofesedwa vetch, nandolo, lupine, clover, clover. Ndipo mpiru, rapeseed, mafuta radish.

kuteteza chonde

njira Natural sizili zofanana. Ndipo chonde wachibadwa wa nthaka chifukwa cha ntchito mu Ulimi kusintha pompopompo, ndiye likutuluka, ndiye kugwa. Chithunzi yamasika kwambiri osafunika chifukwa n'zimenenso imodzi mwa ntchito zomwe yaikulu ya dzuwa kuchepekela kupanga kukula. Kodi mungatani kuti chonde nthaka?

Chonde wachibadwa wa nthaka chibadidwe onse chifukwa ndi mbali ya makamaka topezeka mu zochitika zenizeni. Koma kulima ulimi sikokwanira. Komanso, chifukwa molakwika nthawi zambiri linaphwanya matabwa ake. Kubwezeretsa chonde wa nthaka - kofunika makhalidwe ulimi mu ulimi.

Amacita yokumba kusintha olimapo zidzathandiza ndalama malipiro ndi kulandira ndalama pachaka ku malonda a mbewu. Ntchito mlimi si kukhalabe komanso kuteteza chonde m'nthaka.

Gray podzolic

Pa mayiko amenewa kukhala zosiyanasiyana mbeu zolimidwa ku nkhalango: chimanga, chisanu ndi kasupe tirigu, mbatata, fulakesi, Beet shuga ndi ena.

Mdima imvi nkhalango dothi pafupi ndi wakuda lapansi ndi digiri wamkulu wobereketsa kuposa imvi kuwala. Iwo katundu agronomic ofanana ndi imvi dothi ndipo amafuna njira yapadera ndi feteleza. Kujambula wamphamvu nakulitsa mapangidwe kashiamu kuti n'chongoletsa acidity kwa kumuwonetsa ndi njira ambiri dothi onse nkhalango.

Mu kuwala imvi ndi imvi wosanjikiza dziko humus ndi ang'ono ndi 15-25 cm. Pansipa pali la illuvial kaja bulauni. Iwo ladzala ndi aluminum ndi ayironi amene ali angaononge zomera. Choncho, tillage akhale losaya, ndipo tithe kumvetsa kumasulira kwake m'chizimezime illuvial - subsurface njira. Pankhaniyi, nthaka m'munsi sati anabweretsa pamwamba, ndipo chonde si bwanji. Kuzamitsa wosanjikiza olimapo mungathe pang'onopang'ono (2 cm pa chaka) pripahivaet kaja C ndi ntchito munthawi yomweyo feteleza organic ndi mchere ndi calcium mankhwala (laimu, choko, dolomite ufa). zotsatira zabwino akhoza zopezera ndi kulima udzu.

Pa mdima dothi imvi nkhalango chonde wosanjikiza chapamwamba ukufika masentimita 40. Gawo la wosanjikiza chapamwamba ladzala illuvial humus. Choncho, kudzakhala katswiri kwambiri kulima ndi manyowa kufalitsa feteleza ndi calcium mu mawonekedwe a gypsum ndi laimu mu anapangira 1: 1.

nthaka linasokoneza

Low-, medium- ndi silnosmytye dothi amafunika chisamaliro chapadera kwa alimi. Iwo kaja C kale lili ndi topsoil chapamwamba. Pakuti mayiko amenewa rationally subsurface tithe kumvetsa kumasulira kwambiri, liming, kuchuluka tochepa mchere ndi feteleza organic, kulima udzu.

Kumadera ndi dothi linasokoneza ndi zoyezera kofunika kuti kuteteza kukokololoka kwa nthaka zina. Zikuphatikizapo: napashnoe terracing, processing kudutsa otsetsereka ndi ena.

dothi wakuda wa m'nkhalango steppe

Pamene kukula mbewu mayiko amenewa, chinthu chachikulu - kusunga nthaka zinthu chonde. Ziyenera kukhala zachilengedwe zolondola, waluso ntchito angathe awo. Processing ayenera idzachitika mu nthawi ya kukhwima, ndi kusinthana pachaka kulima kwambiri ndi osaya subsurface tillage pansi chikhalidwe. Izi zichitike kupulumutsa wanthakayo chimauma chernozems kuchotserapo kapangidwe (kuchepetsa) zinakwana humus mineralization. Mwachitsanzo, pamene ploskoreznoj subsurface tillage kwa dzinja tirigu, ngakhale popanda mvula yokwanira, izo kukhazikika bwino ndipo zipatso bwino. Koma mumtima moldboard akulima ndi ntchito munthawi yomweyo manyowa chofunika kwa mkulu zokolola.

Kuteteza chonde ya chernozems

feteleza kashiamu munali chagwiritsidwa mu dziko ndiyo n'chongoletsa asidi kapena soda, koma kuti yakusankha dongo ndi humus mapangidwe granular ndi chimauma (madzi khola) kapangidwe agrophysical bwino katundu, kupanga moyenera yankho nthaka, kuwongolera nthaka microbiological ntchito ndi chonde ambiri.

Kugwiritsa vermicompost ochitachita zotsatira apamwamba pa ulimi pa dothi imvi nkhalango ndi chernozem. chidwi ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito chernozems ndi zochitika pa kudzikundikira komanso kuteteza chinyezi nthaka.

m'mayiko dambo

Iwo chonde kwambiri, wolemera mu zakudya humus. dziko Farm akhoza kuchitika pa dambo chernozem, dambo ndi dambo-bog dothi. Iwo bwinobwino wamkulu udzafunidwa mbewu.

The drawback waukulu m'mayiko amenewo ndi moyandikana a pansi, zomwe mumakhalanso mchere (mineralized). Choncho, mfundo yofunika kwambiri kuwonjezeka zokolola za zomera mutuluka lamulo madzi.

Nthaka njira chonde ulamuliro

Malinga ndi makhalidwe zamoyo ndi zomera ndi chikhalidwe cha ntchito dziko, pali njira zimene zingathe kupeza mkulu zokolola ndipo alibe kuchepetseratu nthaka.

• Lamulo michere ulamuliro - feteleza mchere.
• Mabuku kusintha agro-mankhwala, agro, makhalidwe microbiological - kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza organic ndi kulima zitsamba.
• Lamulo la madzi ndi mpweya bwino - Machining.
• Yotsatira agrophysical ndi mankhwala katundu - kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala kashiamu laimu kapena gypsum pamtunda.

The ntchito m'dziko yense kuonetsetsa kubalana wobereketsa zofunika nambala anakonza, kupanga Eco-wochezeka yosafuna pa malo unit.