Kodi ndi mmene phiri anapanga? Monga aumbike chiphala kuphulika?

Chimodzi mwa chodabwitsa ndi zachinsinsi formations Geological Padziko Lapansi ndi mapiri. Komabe, ambiri a ife tiri iwo okha kumvetsa zikundiyendera. ndi chikhalidwe cha kuphulika kwa mapiri chiyani? Kodi ndi mmene phiri anapanga?

Kodi ndi phiri?

Musanawerenge funso momwe phiri kupangidwa, m'pofunika kulowa mu etymology ndi mawu akuti. Mu nthano za Chiroma mulungu otchulidwa wosula dzina lake Vulcan, yemwe nyumba yake mobisa. Ngati iye ali okwiya, dziko lapansi anayamba kunjenjemera, ndipo linaphulika kuchokera pansi pa utsi ndi malawi. Ndi choncho dzina la mapiri.

Mawu "kuphulika" amachokera ku Latin "vulcanus", lomwe limatanthauza moto. Mapiri - Geological formations, wosawoneka mwachindunji pamwamba pa kutumphuka losweka. Ndi chifukwa ming'alu awa pamwamba Inayamba chiphalaphala phulusa, mpweya osakaniza nthunzi ndi miyala. Kuphunzira chodabwitsa ichi chinkhoswe mu sayansi geomorphology ndi volcanology.

Gawo ndi kapangidwe

mapiri onse zinthu zachilengedwe ndi applicable, matalala ndi zinatha. Ndipo pamalo - nthaka, m'madzi ndi subglacial.

Kumvetsa mmene phiri kupangidwa, m'pofunika woyamba kuganizira mwatsatanetsatane dongosolo lake. Lililonse phiri mbali zotsatirazi:

1. Kuipanikiza (njira yaikulu pakati pa mapangidwe miyala).
2. Khoma lotchinga (s izvergsheysya chiphalaphala njira).
3. Chigwa (lalikulu dzenje pamwamba pa mbale).
4. mabomba chiphala (zidutswa za anaumitsa chiphalaphala izvergsheysya).
5. Chiphala chipinda (gawo m'madzimo pamene chiphalaphala ndi anaikira).
6. Phirilo (otchedwa "phiri", anapanga likuvutika izvergshihsya chiphalaphala phulusa).

Ngakhale kuti phiri amaoneka ngati chiphiri chachikulu, mbali mobisa kwa wina wokulirapo kuti ali padziko. Zimaphala nthawi zambiri wodzazidwa ndi madzi.

N'chifukwa chiyani mapiri anapanga?

ndondomeko ikuyamba ndi mapangidwe chiphala chiphalaphala chipinda mapangidwe mobisa. Pang'onopang'ono, izo glows red-hot madzi chiphalaphala, zomwe umalimbikitsa kutumphuka m'munsi. Pachifukwa ichi, pansi panayamba osokoneza. Mwa ming'alu ndi fractures ndi chiphalaphala Inayamba m'mwamba, ndipo m'kupita kwa kayendedwe ake ndi anasungunuka miyala kwambiri zambiri poswekapo. Choncho anapanga chiphala Chigwa. Monga kuphulika anapanga? Pa kuphulika padziko pali zosiyanasiyana miyala, amene kenako anakaika pa otsetsereka a, umene phirilo ndi aumbike.

Kodi Kuphulika kwa Mapiri?

Kodi mapiri anapanga? formations izi Geological amafalitsidwa omangidwa kwambiri mu dziko. Ngati ife kulankhula za chito za kufalitsidwa awo, kuchuluka kwa iwo lili pafupi dziko. Cha Kumwera kwa dziko lapansi, iwo ndi zochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi kumpoto. Mu gawo European la Russia, Scandinavia, Australia ndi Brazil si sakupezeka.

Koma ngati tikukamba za Kamchatka, Iceland, ndi Mediterranean, kugombe la kumadzulo kwa North ndi South America, ku Indian ndi Pacific, Central Asia ndi Africa Central, pali iwo. Iwo makamaka ili pafupi ndi zilumba, archipelagos, n'kupita m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya mayiko. Ambiri amaona ubwenzi wa ntchito ndi njira kugwirizana ndi kayendedwe crustal awo.

Monga aumbike chiphala kuphulika?

Mu njira zimene ndi chifukwa mapiri zimatha kuyambitsa? Zimayambitsa ndondomeko ya kugona mu matumbo a Dziko Lapansi. Mu ndondomeko ya kasungidwe wambirimbiri chiphalaphala matenthedwe mphamvu. Kutentha kwa chiphalaphala ndi mkulu mokwanira, koma simungathe kusungunula ndi maziko a Lapansi, chifukwa amakankhira kwa kutumphuka pamwamba. Ngati zigawo kutumphuka mwamtundu pa chiphalaphala chosalimba incandescent chiphalaphala amakhala madzi. Pang'onopang'ono amakhala ladzala ndi mpweya, ndi chimasungunula pa njira miyala yake ndipo motero prostilaet njira zake pamwamba.

Ngati mwadzaza chiphala awatulutsira achisanu ndi solidified chiphalaphala, kuphulika sizidzachitika malinga ngati chiphalaphala kuthamanga singakwane kutulutsa Nkhata Bay izi. Kuphulika nthaŵi zonse ndi chivomezi. Phulusa akhoza ejected kutalika kwa makumi angapo makilomita.

Mapiri amaimira mapangidwe, amatikumbutsa phiri, yomwe Inayamba ku incandescent chiphalaphala. Monga kuphulika anapanga? Pamaso pa fractures pa dziko lapansi kutumphuka incandescent chiphalaphala watayika pamwamba opanikizika. Otsetsereka kuphulika anapanga chifukwa cha subsidence wa thanthwe, chiphalaphala, phulusa pafupi awatulutsira lapansi.