"Kukhala ngati moyo," Chukovsky. kusanthula mwachidule

Choyamba Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky chikudziwika ngati wolemba ndakatulo ana a za Moidodyr ndi mipando chakuwuluka. Koma ngati wolemba mabuku ndi wotsutsa wakhala analimbikitsa kuti kuteteza amoyo, chakuya Russian chinenero. Buku zoyenera mutu wakuti "Kukhala ngati moyo" (inafalitsidwa koyamba mu 1962.) Wakhala tingachipeze powerenga. About wokhutira lero ndipo ife kulankhula.

Mutu: "Old ndi latsopano"

Nkhani za milandu wotchuka Academician Anatoly Koni akutsegula chaputala choyamba cha "Kukhala ngati moyo" (Chukovsky), mwachidule zomwe ife tsopano timalephera. Anatoly anali munthu wa mtima kwambiri. Koma mpaka nthawi monga chotheka ankamvetsera Russian. Pamenepo mkwiyo wake anadziwa Palibe malire, ngakhale zambiri gwero ndithu sanali mlandu.

mfundo ndi yakuti pamene academician aulemu anali wokalamba. Iye anabadwa ndi kukulira ku masiku pamene mawu akuti "kwenikweni" amatanthauza "lofewa mwaulemu." Koma chapeza kufunika kwambiri ndi ndime ya nthawi, ndipo tsopano "motsimikizika". Aliyense amene wagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "zofunika" mkati tanthauzo la "mulimonse", nthawi yomweyo anagwada pansi akukhudzidwa akuwadzudzula.

Kusintha kwa chinenero, ndipo kodi nthawi zonse zoipa za "matenda" ndi zina Russian kulankhula limatiuza m'buku ili, Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky.

Chapter awiri: "matenda M'maganizo ndi - weniweni"

Kodi tinganene kuti ndi "matenda a liwu lakuti"? buku lotchedwa "Kukhala ngati moyo" (Chukovsky), ndi mtundu wanyimbo sipangakhalenso limanenedwa ngati mtanda pakati utolankhani ndi kufufuza zinenero kumathandiza kumvetsa funso limeneli.

Kodi mukudziwa kuti mu ndakatulo ya Pushkin mawu "wosakhwima" ndi zachilendo kwambiri kwa ife - "katundu youma"? Mawu "banja" ndi bwino, pa akapolo woyamba anatanthauza ndi atumiki, ndiyeno - mkazi. Chidwi "pedigree" ndi mawu akuti "nyansi". Choyamba linali dzina la mbale zokoma kwambiri za XVII atumwi, olemekezeka wokondedwa. Ndiye chisokonezo anayamba kulozera kupweteka kwambiri pamimba, inapha phala chonyansa. Asilikali anaponya mu mphika kuphika nsomba unpeeled mu mchenga, anyezi, breadcrumbs, sauerkraut ndi zonse zimene zinali pafupi. Ndipo kenako "nyansi" wapeza zonse bwino kuti "chisokonezo, nyansi."

masinthidwe awa - chinenero lachibadwa kukula ndi osauka n'zosatheka kupewa ngakhale mopusa, wolemba amakhulupirira.

Chapter Wachitatu: "Mu mawu chinenero"

Mutu uwu ndi zomveka kupitiriza kwa wina m'mbuyomu. buku lotchedwa "Kukhala ngati moyo" (Chukovsky), mwachidule zomwe tikukambirana, chingakhale chosakwanira opanda mawu zachilendo. Korney Chukovsky analemba kwambiri za kalata kwa anthu wamba amene amasamala kuteteza chinenero cha Chirasha. Ambiri ankakhulupirira kuti mawu achilendo ayenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga.

wolemba zitsanzo za mawu chachirendo kuti akhala Russian: ajebura, mowa, kuwonjezera angapo, masewera, chiongolero, njanji, zilizonse, lalikulu ... "Kodi n'zotheka kuwaponya kuchokera wamoyo kulankhula Russian?" - anafunsa Chukovsky. Komabe, iye ali wokondwa kuti mawu ambiri achilendo si chitakhazikitsidwa tsiku ndi tsiku osati kuposa la Russian mbadwa. Mwachitsanzo, kamodzi wotchuka "frishtikat" konse kwa pafupifupi chinenero munthu. M'malo mwake, ife "ndi chakudya".

Chapter Wachinayi: "Umslopogasy"

Fashion wapakamwa kuchepetsa ndi sanathe kulanda Chirasha. Koma ntchito yake "Kukhala ngati moyo" (Chukovsky), kusanthula zomwe timathera atumwiwo chaputala lonse. Ndipo palibe zodabwitsa. Iwo amadula kusonyeza kuwunikidwa kufunika mu zinthu zonse. Mwachitsanzo, kuchepetsa monga mphasa, banki ndalama, sanali kusokoneza Lolemba mpaka Lachisanu Russian kulankhula.

Koma mafashoni kwa kuchepetsa ndi spawned zingapo "mizukwa". Tverbul Pampush kwenikweni - Tverskoy Boulevard, chipilala kuti Pushkin. Massively adzafupikitsidwa mayina - Peter P. anatembenuka Pe Pa ana asukulu ndi aphunzitsi anzake. Koma choyipitsitsa cha zonse anali kuchepetsa-pallindromy Rosglavstankoinstrumentsnabsbyt, Lengorshveytrikotazhpromsoyuz, Lengormetallorempromsoyuz ndi ena a mtundu uwu.

Ndi m'pofunika kunena imodzi yofunika kwambiri: izo zimandipangitsa kudzimva kalembedwe ndi mchimake.

Chapter lachisanu: "vulgarisms"

Owerenga 1960 amaona "nthabwala" mawu monga "Sivolap", "mathalauza", "kununkha", "zinyalala", "kuwomba mphuno" ndipo ambiri a iwo ngati kuti ndi munthu masiku ano zachilengedwe mwamtheradi. wolemba akukumbukira kalata okwiya ku adiresi chifukwa chakuti nkhaniyi ntchito mawu akuti "champs."

Ndi pagona - ndi olaula slang wa achinyamata ambiri, analemba "moyo Live ngati" Chukovsky. Chidule cha mutu ndi kuonetsetsa kuti jargon monga "bullshit", "vshendyapilsya" (mmalo mwa "chikondi"), "chuvikhi", "kadrishka" (mmalo mwa "mtsikana"), "lobuda," "zokongola" ndi kuyipitsa osati kokha Russian, komanso malingaliro kuimira iwo ndi achinyamata.

Wolemba diso lako lakumanja chifukwa kuti mkulu amene vshendyapilsya mu kadrishku akukumana kutali osati kumverera chapamwamba cha chikondi, zimene mu ndime ya Alexander Blok. Kuwonongeka chinenero kudzera vulgarschiny kumabweretsa kudzitsitsa abwino, kotero jargon ayenera mwachangu kutheratu.

Chapter Six: "malo"

Buku Korney Chukovsky "Live moyo monga" anapereka dzina kwa chenicheni chokhacho "matenda," Chirasha chinenero - kantselyaritu. Mawu amenewa ntchito akatswiri a zinenero, kuphatikizapo wotanthauzira Nora Gal m'buku lakuti "Mawu amoyo ndi akufa."

Office - ndi chinenero cha bureaucracy, mapepala ntchito ndi maudindo. Onse "kumwamba", "inakhazikitsa kalata iyi," "mwachindunji nthawi", "pamaziko a", "choncho," "pakalibe", "chifukwa kupanda", "monga" mwamphamvu chinachitika ake mu makalata malonda ( Choncho nthawi zina kufika absurdity).

vuto ndi kuti Office analowa mu chinenero yachibadwa zinazi. Tsopano, mmalo mwa "nkhalango zobiriwira" anayamba kulankhula "wobiriwira m'dera" zonse "makani" unakhala "nkhondo," ndi zina zotero. Izi ankasinthana m'chiganizo anabwereka sheya izdelovyh kukhala "litmus mayeso." Ine ndikukhulupirira kuti aliyense otukuka, aulemu munthu ayenera mawu amenewa lotanthauzira mawu ake.

Kunena pa wailesi "wapita lolemera mvula" anali okongoletsedwa ndi yosatukuka. Mmalo mwake iwo adawomba "Mvula itagwa panjira." Mwatsoka, vuto silinathe kantselyarita. Lero, matenda analimbitsa ake kwambiri. Palibe wasayansi akhoza kuyankha ndi nkhani yolembedwa, achiyankhulo lomveka bwino, losavuta. Tsiku ndi tsiku nthawi zonse amaika mawu malo popanda kuzindikira n'komwe. Choncho moyo, amphamvu, ISKRAN Russian Ponena akutembenukira kwa imvi ndi youma. Ndipo ndiyo njira yokhayo chinenero matenda kuti combated.

Chapter Zisanu: "Mosiyana ndi nyengo"

Anthu ambiri amaona Chirasha monga zinthu zimene n'zosatheka kupirira. Iye akulemba pa "moyo Live ngati" Chukovsky. Chidule cha otsiriza, chaputala chachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi kuonetsetsa kuti pa nthawi imene aliyense wodziwa zinthu ziti, zambiri omasuka ndi madzulo sukulu, palibe amene ali ndi ufulu kukhala osaphunzira, sanalemekeze chinenero chawo.

mawu onse cholakwika ndi motsatana m'chiganizo ayenera adzathetsedwa, komanso chikhalidwe cha misa kuuka osati kugwa. Ndipo chinenero itangonena ndi chizindikiro cha kukula kapena kuchepa kwa chikhalidwe.

zotsatira

K.Chukovsky kuphunzira awo anayambitsa discus yaikulu padziko chinenero cha Chirasha. Iye sanali kutsatira mbali wina kudzanena kwa deta mosamala kufufuzidwa ndi lingaliro la mchimake. Monga K. Paustovsky, Korney Ivanovich ankakonda Chirasha, kotero "Live moyo monga" mpaka tsopano ndi buku limene womangidwa kuwerenga zonse - ndi akatswiri a zinenero, ndipo anthu amene akufuna kugwa m'chikondi ndi amoyo, ndi Russian yosavuta.