Kukhotakhota - ndi chiyani ichi? kutanthauza

Kuyambira ndili mwana, ambiri adzakumbukira nthano za chilombo choopsa Minotaur, amene mayi ake, kuti kubisa m'maso mwa anthu, mwana wake modabwitsa acherezedwa ndikuyenda pa Knossos. Kapangidwe Izi zinali zovuta kuti palibe wina kuposa mwini wake, sanapeze njira kumeneko. Ntchito yomanga labyrinths wakhala wotchuka osati kalelo, komanso Ages Middle ndi nthawi wotsatira. Kodi mbiri ya zikamera ndi maganizo "kukhotakhota" ndipo ngati ali ndi phindu lina lililonse?

The etymology akuti "kukhotakhota"

Musanayambe kuphunzira tanthauzo la mawu amenewa ndi ofunika powasamalira chiyambi chake. Ngati nthano za Minotaur, ndipo ndi nauni chinenero cha Chirasha ku Agiriki akale.

Anagawira Mabaibulo awiri za chiyambi cha dzinalo. Pa mmodzi wa iwo, pa chilumba cha Kerete, mawu akuti "kukhotakhota" otchedwa malo tinasunga mwambo nkhwangwa otchedwa Labrys. Pa wina, kukhotakhota - linga. Mokomera chiphunzitso ichi ndi chakuti pali cognate naye mawu mu Chigiriki amene anamasuliridwa kuti "msewu" kapena "Lane".

Ndi Asilavo Greek labyrinthos akuti anadza kupyolera pokambiranapo wa Chijeremani ndi ntchito mawu kukhotakhota. Izi zinachitika panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Peter, amene anali kutikonda kwambiri ichi zosangalatsa yapamwamba European. Iye akutchedwa ntchito yomanga labyrinths dazeni mu ufumuwo, koma osati ndi zoona ndithu.

Ndipotu, mfumu inamangidwa monga "Garden Pavilion pa Kachisi" mu Peterhof. Iye anaimira yekha osokonezeka paki ndi dziwe losambira pakati ndi malo okwana mahekitala 2. Linamangidwa ndi Jean-Baptiste Leblond ndipo anali malo aakulu kwa kuyenda pa tsiku lotentha chilimwe.

Komanso za luso aliyense, anapita mpaka zosiyanasiyana mphekesera. Ena amakhulupirira kuti ena apaulendo mbisoweka popanda kufufuza mu malo awa zabodza zopezeka. Ena moona amakhulupirira kuti Peter ndi ndikuyenda - chinsinsi malo kwa anthu osema miyala. Kodi zimene mfundo izi - sakudziwika.

Koma pakati pa anthu wamba, mawu akuti "kukhotakhota" (mtengo wake - pansipa) kuzolowera kwa nthawi yaitali, monga dzina lake 'Babulo "wachita kale ntchito m'malo. Babulo nthawi zonse ankakonda mosamala, poganizira kuti iwo ndi zina katundu zamatsenga.

Mwachitsanzo, wotchuka chithunzi cha m'ma XVIII. - "kukhotakhota wauzimu" - limaimira iye kovuta kupeza njira ya kumwamba. Iye akhapidziwa kuti, ngati inu mutayang'ana pa izo popanda chivomerezo woyamba, mukhoza kuchita misala.

Mawu akuti "kukhotakhota": lexical tanthauzo

Chifukwa cha kutchuka nthano Greek lero mawu awa akadali mwakhama ntchito kulankhula. Ndipo kuwonjezera mfundo zofunika kuti amamuonera ngakhale owonjezera pang'ono. Kuyambira m'ma XIX. mukhoza kale kukakomana ndi "kukhotakhota" (kutanthauza) mu ofotokozera dictionary Dahl ndipo kenako mu Ozhegova, Ushakov ndi ena.

Vladimir Dahl m'buku lake akuitana kukhotakhota a malo omwe n'zovuta kupeza njira mwa dongosolo odabwitsa wa njira ndi kuwoloka. Zikuoneka kumasulira tanthauzo lexical mawu "kukhotakhota" ndipo ena akatswiri a zinenero Russian.

Lero, liwu otchedwa dongosolo thuu kapena atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena ndi dongosolo zovuta za njira kutuluka. Zimakhala ngati mwala, ndipo chiyambi mbewu.

matanthauzo ena mawu

Kuwonjezera tanthauzo la liwu lofotokozera kapena lokamba izi Vladimir Dahl mu kumam'phunzitsa wake buku ndi sekondale. Kotero, iye akuitana kukhotakhota wa gawo lamkati la khutu la munthu.

Koma Ushakov imalemba mu ofotokozera dictionary matanthauzo ake kwambiri akuti. Choncho, kuwonjezera pa pamwamba, iye akutchula ndi tanthauzo lophiphiritsira mawu: ndi interweaving zosamvetsetseka chinachake (a ndikuyenda, za mumtima ndikuyenda). Mwachitsanzo mawu ochokera Saltykov-Shchedrin: "Ngati ine ndikanati Vulani kachiwiri, mwina pogwidwa ndikuyenda ndi samovoprosheny samovozrazheny".

Lero ndikuyenda - ziri komanso chipangizo chitetezo wa pagalimoto kompyuta zovuta, komanso dzina la gulu masewera a yofalitsa Russian ndi yamabuku.

Komanso, kutchuka Mawu amenewa anali kunena kuti mafilimu 5, mutu wa chimene mawu aonekera kujambulidwa pa zaka 30 zapitazi. Palinso mabuku angapo ndi dzina ndi nyimbo zofanana Albums.

Fayum ndikuyenda

Munthu woyamba Akunenanso kapangidwe-ndikuyenda wa bambo wa mbiri - Herodotus. Iye anafotokoza kachisi wa mulungu Aigupto ndi mutu wa ng'ona, ankalambira Shedite (Herodotus otchedwa mzinda uwu "Crocodilopolis"). Mofananamo, cholinga chomanga Fayum osadziwika kukhotakhota, amaganiza kuti udaikidwa kugwira zosiyanasiyana miyambo yachipembedzo, komanso kusunga chuma. Malinga ndi nkhani zakale dongosolo amayendayenda, mizati ndi niches kulola munthu amene sakudziwa wagawo wake, kuyendayenda mu malo awa masiku angapo, kapena masabata.

Mabwinja anachoka mu malo ake lero, zimakhala zovuta kumvetsa mmene zovuta dongosolo ichi makamaka, koma, kuweruza ndi kufotokoza nkhani ya bambo ake, zikuwoneka kwenikweni wapamwamba. Mwa njira, ndikuyenda izi zafotokozedwa mu buku ndi Boleslaw Prus 'Farao.

Greek, Roman, Indian ndikuyenda

Mumadziwika Knossos kukhotakhota anapangidwa mu chifaniziro cha Fayum, koma zambiri otsika naye kukula. Analinso dongosolo achipembedzo, koma mulungu sanali ng'ona, monga Aigupto, ndi ng'ombe (mwina motero nthano za Minotaur). chilengedwe zake zimachitika Daedalus. Mosiyana m'dera Aigupto izi akadali osadziwika.

Kuwonjezera Krete panali wina wotchuka Greek ndikuyenda. Komabe, pamene izo zinali ndendende, sakudziwika. azambiriyakale osiyana ndi wotchedwa Malo a malo Aegean zilumba: Samo kapena Limnos. Mogwirizana ndi ichi pali lomwe angakhale yokhotakhota Minotaur si mu Krete. Koma sakupeza bwinja la mmodzi wa iwo, ndi onse - chabe chiphunzitso adachitira umboni.

Aroma anatengera kwa Agiriki chikhalidwe chawo, ndithudi, sakanakhoza kukana sanamange kulondola njira popanda kusochera zawo. Ambiri a iwo sanapulumuke, koma tawuni mzimu wa Pompeii, kumene nthawi ankaoneka chilili lizikhala ndi ziwalo tiwiri ndikuyenda kunyumba ndi Zithunzi chodabwitsa zofotokoza nkhani ya Minotaur. Akukhulupirira kuti Aroma ndikuyenda - komanso anali zosangalatsa ndi ana otchuka a. Komanso Ahelene, kapangidwe awo nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zolinga achipembedzo, umboni ndi mfumu manda chitunda mu Kluziume wopangidwa mwa dongosolo opiringizidwa zipinda maliro.

Mwa njira, mu India mwambo wa nyumba imeneyi anawagawira kwambiri. Ahindu amakhulupirira kuti ziwanda zoipa angachititse bwino Chotero, pa khomo la ku akachisi ndi nyumba zopangidwa kulondola njira popanda kusochera yaing'ono kudziteteza.

Labyrinths mu Ages Middle

Ndi kusintha kwa Chikhristu ndi chipembedzo choposa zipembedzo ku Ulaya chikondi cha nyumba zosamvetsetseka aona upswing latsopano. Poyamba labyrinths chokongoletsedwa ndi apansi matchalitchi ambiri aang'ono, kusonyeza kuti ndife ochimwa anthu. A Patapita nthawi, labyrinths achipembedzo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana chuma, makamaka kwa dramatizations maulendo ku Yerusalemu.

Labyrinths mu UK ndi France

Kuyambira cha m'ma XIII. nyumba izi zinali kugwiritsidwa ngati zokongoletsa m'dziko zosowa. Popeza kukhala ndi mwala nyumba ya mtundu akhala osathandiza kwenikweni, pang'onopang'ono analowa mafashoni labyrinths minda. Great kutchuka anali nawo France, UK ndi Italy. Chilengedwe cha zosangalatsa zimenezi wakhala luso lenileni ndi otchuka lero.