Louis-Philippe: Mfumu ya July ufumu

Otsiriza French mfumu ndi mutu wa mfumu Louis-Philippe analamulira dziko kwa 1830 kuti 1848. Iye anali kuimira m'nthambi mbali ya Bourbons lapansi. nyengo yake imatchedwanso mu mbiri monga July mafumu.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Louis-Philippe anabadwa mu Paris mu 1773. Iye anaphunzira maphunziro apamwamba ndi makhalidwe ndi maganizo owolowa manja. unyamata wake nagwa pa chiyambi cha French kuukira boma. Monga atate wake, mnyamatayo chibatizidwireni wa Jacobins. Iye usilikali ndipo nkhondo zingapo zofunika monga Nkhondo ya Valmy mu 1792.

Ndiyamika ake mkulu wobadwa Louis-Philippe pobadwa analandira udindo wa Duke. Chiyambireni cha zisinthe, iye anachikana icho, kuganizira mofatsa ndi chidina a m'mbuyomu, ndipo wasanduka nzika wamba ndi maina Egalite. Izi Adam'teteza ku manyazi a Republic, pamene lamulo linaperekedwa ndi athamangitsidwe wa Bourbons kuti gawo French. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo, General Sharl Dyumure anasintha boma. Molamulidwa ake akuchita nkhondo ndi Louis Philippe, ngakhale iye sanali nawo chiwembu. Komabe, iye anayenera kusiya dziko.

mu ukapolo

Poyamba iye ankakhala mu Switzerland, kumene anakhala mphunzitsi. Kenako anapita dziko: izo zimachitika mu Scandinavia, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri mu United States. Mu 1800, nthumwi wothawa wa Nyumba ya Orleans ankakhala UK, kumene boma anamuika penshioni a. Izi zinali zosayembekezereka kawirikawiri mu Europe pa nthawi imeneyo. Onse amene amatsutsana ndi ufumu ndi Republican France mosapita m'mbali ndinkakhala nalo nzika manyazi a dziko lino.

Bourbon kubwezeretsa

Atagwa Napoleon anatenga kubwezeretsa Bourbons lapansi. Mfumu Lyudovik XVIII anabwerera ku bwalo la wachibale wake. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Louis-Philippe sanasangalale ndi chikhulupiliro monarchists lapansi. Iye sanaiwale owolowa manja zikhulupiriro za ubwana wake, pamene iye ndi atate ake adayima tsidya la Republic. Komabe, mfumu anabwerera ku banja lake chuma wachibale amene anali kulandidwa pamene zisinthe.

Adzabwerenso Napoleon, amene anasiya Elbe, atagwidwa ndi Bourbon modzidzimutsa. Louis-Philippe anasankhidwa mkulu wa asilikali kumpoto, koma m'manja malo ake Mortier, pamene iye anapita ku UK. Pamene zana Masiku itatha, achifumu anabwerera ku Paris, komwe anali mu Nyumba Anzanu. Kumeneko, iye analankhula poyera ndi ulamuliro reactionary wa mfumu, amene anali anathamangitsidwa m'dziko la kwa zaka zingapo. Komabe posakhalitsa ukapolo posachedwa anabwelera ku dzikoli. Pansi Louis anakhala mowonekera olemera ndi otchuka chithunzi ndale. Ambiri wosasangalala mfumu ndiye chitsutso ankaona kuti wakonzekera zotheka mpando wachifumuwo.

Kukwera mu 1830

Pamene likulu zipolowe lotsatira anayamba, kugwirizana ndi zionetsero potsutsana Bourbons ndi Louis-Philippe anasankha kupuma ndiponso musadziponye mfundo iliyonse. Komabe, mbali yake ambiri si atakhala opanda pake. Iwo anakhazikitsa bungwe kampeni ambiri kwa Duke wa Orleans. Pa misewu ya Paris anali timapepala ta zokongola komanso timabuku kuti anatsindika nyota za Louis Philippe kwa dziko. Ziwanga ndi boma wogwirizira adafotokozera "kazembe wa ufumu."

Only ndiye Duke anaonekera mu Paris. Kuphunzira za zinthu zimenezi, ngakhale yovomerezeka Mfumu Charles X, Louis Philippe analemba kalata, amene anavomera amatula pansi ngati mpando wachifumu ndidzadutsa mwana wake. Duke ananena za nyumba yamalamulo Komabe, sananene zinthu zina Bourbon. August 9, 1830 1 Lui Filipp anatenga korona umene akufuna kuti chipinda cha akuluakulu.

Mfumu nzika

Choncho anayamba ulamuliro wa "nzika mfumu". dzina ili la Louis-Philippe, amene yonena n'zosiyana kwambiri ndi mafumu yapita, analandira choyenera. Mbali yaikulu ya boma latsopano ndale anali ulamuliro wa bourgeoisie lapansi. wosanjikiza Izi chikhalidwe walandira ufulu onse ndi mwayi kudziletsa kukwaniritsidwa.

Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro wotchuka cha ulamuliro wa Louis Philippe anali mawu akuti "Pezani wolemera!". mawuwa 1843 anati Fransua Gizo - French Minister okhonda. apilo anauzidwa bourgeoisie, amene panopa akutha seamlessly kupeza likulu.

Mwachidule yonena za Louis-Philippe mulinso nthawi zambiri zimene anali wolemekezeka ndi chikondi kwa ndalama. Izi zinali zofanana ndi kalasi chomwecho pakati kuti napita naye kwa mphamvu.

boma chidatha kanthu chuma msika, amene tsopano chogwidwa onse France. lamuloli anali ofanana ndi njira kuchokera pachiyambi analandira mu US (ngakhale ndi American utasintha kunathandiza yaikulu pa July ufumu). Mfundo si kuwasokoneza laissez-faire boma kutsogoza chuma wakhala kwambiri kuti Louis Philippe ndi boma lake.

Kukwera mu 1848

Chaka kutchuka kwa Louis Philippe anagwa. Ichi chinali chifukwa anachita motsutsana ndi malamulo a chosakhutitsidwa. Louis-Philippe, ndi chithunzi chimene chili iliyonse buku la zochitika za France, anakaisiya ndondomeko mwaufulu anayamba kungapondereze ufulu wa anthu ndiponso ufulu. Komanso, zida boma, katangale adalakika. Kachitsotso yomaliza bourgeoisie unakhala mfundo yachilendo ya mfumu. Analowa Alliance Woyera (komanso inkakhala Prussia, Russia ndi Austria). Cholinga chake chinali kubwerera ku Ulaya kuti yakale, umene unachitika pamaso pa French kuukira boma mu 1789.

Mu Paris panali okwatiranawo, pambuyo yoletsedwa phwando lina, zomwe zimabweretsa pamodzi dera owolowa manja kukambirana kusintha visola. Zimenezi zinachitika mu February 1848. Anayamba mwazi, alonda adaombera anthu.

Against maziko awa, woyamba anatsanzika mtumiki boma osatchuka Gizo. February 24, Louis-Philippe antchito, safuna kuyamba nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Mu France, anayamba nthawi ya Republic Chachiwiri. Kale mfumu kale anali anasamuka ku Britain, kumene anakafa mu 1850.