Major mizinda ya Belarus. Chiwerengero cha mizinda Belarus

Republic of Belarus - amatanthauza inali ku Eastern Europe. Capital - mzinda wa Minsk. Belarus kum'mawa ndi Russia, Ukraine kum'mwera, kumadzulo kwa Poland, mu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Lithuania ndi Latvia.

A pang'ono za dziko

boma lagawidwa zigawo zisanu ndi zigawo 117. chiwerengero cha mizinda Belarus ukufika 102, kuwonjezera, pali 109 townships. Chiwerengero cha dziko, mogwirizana ndi kalembera ankachititsa mu 2003, anthu mamiliyoni 10,3. Awa, 80% Belarusians, 12% Russian, 5% Zitsulo, 2.5% Chiyukireniya. Population Belarus mizinda ndi 71% wa chonse pamodzi.

Waukulu madzi mtsempha wamagazi - Mtsinje (ndi makhwawa Sozh, Pripyat, Berezina), Western Dvina mtsinje (a tributary Vilia) ndi Western Bug. Pali zikwi khumi nyanja yaikulu ndi Naroch Lukomlskoe, Drisvyaty ndi Osveiskoye. Pafupifupi theka la m'dera limene mukukhala m'madambo. Chachitatu wa dziko ali ndi nkhalango, makamaka coniferous, koma kum'mwera pali hornbeam, mapulo, thundu, phulusa.

m'mizinda ikuluikulu mu Belarus

Tiyeni titenge bwino m'madera ambiri a dziko. Komanso pali asanu okha mwa likulu. Choncho, m'mizinda ikuluikulu mu Belarus: Brest, Vitebsk, Grodno, Gomel ndi Mogilev. Apa tikambirana midzi pa malo awo azikhala Koma panopa mmene anawasiyanitsira alionse akhoza kukhala osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda wa Brest ndi wachiwiri pambuyo Minsk - m'gawo lake ndi 146 makilomita lalikulu. Komabe, mwa mawu a anthu izo nahoditsyavsego pamalo chimodzi ndi wolephera likulu, Gomel, Mogilev, Vitebsk ndi Grodno. Choncho, ambiri mumzinda waukulu wa dziko ndi Minsk, ndi malo a 348 Km ^2. Anasintha ranges zisanu 118 kwa 146 Km ^2. The ntchito kutsatira mndandanda wa mizinda yayikulu ndiribe anawoloka kunja mu 90 Km ² - ndi Bobruisk ndi Baranovichi.

mzinda Belarus mwa mawu a anthu

Tsopano, onani mndandanda wa midzi yaikulu ya dziko chiwerengero cha anthu akukhala umo. Takambirana kale chitsanzo chakuti dera lalikulu sindiye zizigwirizana nzika ndi zambiri osalimba. Choncho, mzinda mawu a anthu Belarus: Minsk (anthu mamiliyoni 1.9), Gomel (512 zikwi), Mogilev (370,000), Vitebsk (363 000), Grodno (356,000), Brest (330,000). Adamtsata Bobruisk ndi Baranovichi - 217 zikwi ndi zikwi 177 motero.

Tsopano tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane za m'mizinda ikuluikulu Belarus.

Minsk

malirime zoipa kuti ndi zokwanira kwa masiku awiri kufufuza zonse Minsk. Ndipotu kuthamangitsa zokopa mumzinda uwu si koyenera. Tsiku loyamba tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiziyenda monga pamodzi Njira, inu simungathe ngakhale kutenga mapu, chifukwa Minsk ndi chipilala palokha - chipilala a zomangamanga Soviet. Zingatenge nthawi yaitali, ndipo mzinda uwu tikambirana ngati mpweya owonetsera zakale ndi otsegulidwa, kufanizira nyengo lamadyerero. Komabe, mawu awa ikukhudzana okha ku likulu la Minsk. Apa pali "lakale" mzinda, ndi mbiri zinatenga zaka zoposa mazana asanu ndi anai. Zosayiwalika okonda akhoza kukaona Cathedral ndi Town Hall, kuona nyumba zikuluzikulu zakale. Mbali yapadera ya Minsk angatchedwe zosaneneka ukhondo, ochezeka odutsa ndi unhurried mayendedwe a moyo, apo akulamulira maganizo dziko.

Brest

Mzinda-ngwazi ndi asilikali Soviet amene anafa poteteza mpanda wolimba wa dzina chomwecho naye mu masiku oyambirira a Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, aliyense wa sukulu ankadziwa Soviet Union. Brest - akuvutika m'mphepete mwa Republic of Belarus. Kodi mzinda wakale, yomwe ili m'malire a mayiko atatu - Russia, Poland ndi Lithuania, mu mbiri yake, mobwerezabwereza adani chiwembu. Iye anali kwenikweni zinagumuka kuwonongedwa, kuwotchedwa ndiponso kulimbikitsa kumalo wina. Chifukwa, Brest sangathe kudzitama wa katswiri kamangidwe, nyumba yakale akale 19. Koma pa gawo la mtundu uliwonse wa nkhambakamwa ndi zinsinsi za mzinda wakhoza. N'chifukwa chiyani okha zotsalira bwinobwino mmene mozizwitsa anasunga kuti masiku athu citadel wakale nkhuni (monga momwe adali ndi moyo Wachiwiri World nkhondo? Okha), Kapena mavesi chinsinsi anakumba pansi mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Kutchula koyamba za Brest ngati mudzi bwino anayamba, zopezeka mu "nthano ya makedzana Zaka" (1019). deti limeneli poona woyamba chaka mzindawo.

Vitebsk - Chagall Paris

Zinali pansi pa dzina ili Vitebsk zodziwika mdziko lonse. Ndinabadwira dziko wotchuka avant-garde wojambula. Chagall anaphunzira ku St. Petersburg kwa nthawi yaitali ankakhala Paris. Komabe, komabe anabwerera ku moto kwawo komanso , ndipo ngakhale bungwe pano Urban Art College.

Onani mzinda wa Belarus, Vitebsk simungathe kuzipewa, chifukwa akhoza bwinobwino adzatchedwa moyo wa dziko lino. Apa izo anasunga amakedzana fungo ndi mtundu dziko. Malinga ndi nthano, mzinda linakhazikitsidwa ndi dongosolo la Mfumukazi Olga m'chaka 974. Inali pa njira wotanganidwa malonda "ku Scandinavia ndi Ahelene." Olga chidwi ndi maphatikizidwe zodabwitsa kukongola Vitba Mtsinje ndi Western Dvina. kukongola Izi chidwi kuti iye ananena kuti: ". zikhale nditaima pano mzinda wa Vitebsk" Pano amawalamulira mbiri yake pa chochitika chimenechi. Ngakhale zothandiza kuona kuti pali kutchulidwa kwa Pamudzi pano Krivichy ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma. Malo yabwino ya malonda mzinda n'kumuimika utumiki osauka usilikali. Iye, monga Brest, iye mobwerezabwereza anaukira lankhondo la adani, koma anali kupita kupyolera mavuto onse ndipo lero pakati pa mndandanda wa "Mzinda wokongola kwambiri Belarus."

Grodno

Ndi bata ndi chete mzinda. Ndi wotchuka malinga odzitukumula anamangidwa kale kuoneka likulu panopa Belarus. Cholowa cha Grodno anagwa, mwina kwambiri masautso onse poyerekezera ndi mizinda ina ya Republic. Ndipo okha zikomo kwa chinyumba akale ndi mpanda wake wangwiro, mzinda anatha kupulumuka. Pa Great kumpoto nkhondo Grodno akadali anagwa. Nyumbayi inali kwenikweni ataphwasula pansi. Kenako mu malo ake sanali anamanga zochepa lalikulu ndi wokongola New Castle, kukometsera mzinda lero.

Onani mzinda wa Belarus, kumvetsera munthu kuzindikira mbali imodzi Grodno chibadidwe dziko lonse, koma makamaka bwino noticeable pano. Dziko limeneli kwakhala Mipikisano achipembedzo - ndi mwamtendere Co-kulibe moyandikana Ayuda, Akatolika, Asilamu, Achilutera, Orthodox, ndipo ngakhale okhulupirira Old. Mu Grodno, inu mukhoza kuona mpingo m'dera Lutheran ndi sunagoge, mzikiti ndi mpingo wa Chikhristu.

Gomel

Mofanana ndi mizinda yambiri wakale, Gomel sakumbukira chaka cha kubadwa. Kutchula koyamba za izo zimapezeka m'masiku a atumwi akhumi. Komabe, tikuuzidwa kuti mzinda kale, ndipo pamene idamangidwa, izo silidziŵika. Detinets wake ili promontory, amene anapanga m'mphepete lamanja la mtsinje Sozh ndi lamanzere gombe la mtsinje Gomiyuk, tsopano dera la Gomel Park. Malinga ndi kafukufuku pofukula, m'zaka 11 pali yapangidwa kuponyera jeweler-mkuwa, iron-, mbiya, mtengo, zida ndi fupa kudula handicrafts. Kudzera zamalonda Gomel anali wolumikizana ndi Kiev, Chernigov, North Lazaro, Smolensk, Volyn ndi Byzantium. Lero, mudzi uwu uli mmodzi wa okongola kwambiri mu dziko, ali wolemera chikhalidwe, mbiri ndi sayansi kuthekera, ndi kalembedwe wapadera ndi maonekedwe. Today Gomel zachitika makampani, chikhalidwe, sayansi; Izi umoyo ndale pakati ndi mayendedwe zofunika likulu. n'kopindulitsa kwambiri malo ake Hrs limathandiza kuti chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko. Mwazina, Gomel ndi maphunziro a dziko, komanso kudzachita zamasewera zazikulu ndi zochitika chikhalidwe. Ichi ndi mzinda mtengo-alimbane njira, nyumba zakale, fishnet chestnuts, njira yotakata ndi anthu zapadera amene ankakonda kuchita nkhani yake.

Mogilev

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mumzinda umenewu ikutchulidwa mu "Mndandanda wa mizinda ya ku Russia, kutali ndi pafupi" (m'ma 14). Kuchokera nthawi imeneyi, Mogilev gawo la Grand Duchy la Lithuania, ndi kumapeto a zaka zana zipita malo a Jadwiga - mkazi wa mfumu Polish ndi mbali ya Chilituyaniya Prince Jagiello. Pali nthano zambiri ofotokoza za maonekedwe a m'deralo.

Modern Mogilev wolemera zipilala kamangidwe, monga zovuta wa St. Nicholas kunyumba. Pali mpingo wachikristu kuchokera m'ma 16. Pakati pa mzinda mutha kuona mpingo wa St. Stanislaus inamangidwa 1752. Poyamba linali dongosolo la Carmelites, koma mwa lamulo la Catherine Wamkulu anaika m'nyumba ya bishopu. Mu 1785, mkulu wa m'tawuni kutsinde inamangidwa wokongola yachifumu chikale chithunzi cha m'ma 18 - Georgiya Konisskogo. Komanso pali anakhalabe kwambiri wa nyumba ya zaka 18-19 ndi Chipilala chikumbutso cha nthawi yomanga zisudzo dera ndi bungwe poyamba tawuni.

Belarus - ndi mafuta a Russia?

Ambiri ku Russia ndazindikira dziko lino monga ngati "zigawo" wa kamodzi kwambiri Russian Ufumu wolephera Russia mwa mayiko, ndi pa tanthauzo chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale. Ngati mudzapempha achinyamata, zomwe mizinda Belarus, anthu ochepa akhoza dzina awiri kapena atatu midzi, kupatula likulu la Republic. Komabe, maganizo oterowo kuti boma chilungamo, ndi kukondweretsa "m'chigawo" Kodi si imani chofufuzidwa. N'kumene anayamba kupanga ndi zaka Duchy la Lithuania, nyumba analenga, wokongola chikhalidwe ndi mapulani zipilala, zomwe zambiri masiku ano. Ameneyo ndi dziko ulemerero - Belarus. City (zimene tatchulazi, ndi zina, ang'onoang'ono kukula, koma osati pa mtengo mbiri) la Republic akutitsimikizira izi. Aliyense wa iwo pa kufufuza mozama amatha kupeza kuya zigawo mbiri. Chotero funso la "provincialism" a Belarus osachepera pachithunzichi.