Masamba mtundu wa zomera

Akalumikidzidwa masamba, maluwa ndi mizu ya zomera ndi yosiyanasiyana. Today ife kulankhula za chimodzi cha ziwalo yaikulu ya zomera zonse zobiriwira. Ndi tsamba. Malowa ali pamtunda pa tsinde, kutenga udindo lateral pa izo. Leaf mawonekedwe zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri, komanso makulidwe awo. Mwachitsanzo, duckweed, zomera madzi, iwo ali pafupi atatu millimeters awiri. Chimakhudza mpaka mita imodzi pepala Victoria Amazon. Ena kanjedza otentha ndi kutalika 20-22 m.

General maonekedwe a masamba zomera

Leafless mtengo akuimira tsache zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kudziwa maonekedwe ake m'nyengo yozizira, pamene korona wamaliseche. Mitengo ya masamba, wagwa m'nyengo yozizira, musati kukula, koma akhalebe ndi moyo. Pambuyo ukufalikira iwo anayamba moyo kwathunthu ndi kupeza mawonekedwe awo khalidwe. List - ili si thupi ofananira, koma kumagwirizana ndi tsinde, ndilo kuthawa olamulira.

Mu psilophytes, wamkulu zomera dziko, panalibe dismemberment thupi, bwino kwa ife. Kapangidwe awo si allocated mizu, masamba ndi tsinde. Izo zinachitika pang'ono. Modern mbewu tsamba mawonekedwe ndi bungwe ndi pulasitiki kwambiri. Kuyambira tsinde ndi muzu wa matupi awa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana khalidwe. mphukira tsamba matupi ake lateral. Iwo anapanga ndi surfactants (exogenously) monga tokhala ndi ili mu kukula phirilo. Komabe, masamba okha za kukula kusowa. Iwo amakula m'munsi. Iwo sali mwachindunji ena pepala kapena ofananira ziwalo. Kukula kwa ena kutalika yochepa ya nthaŵi.

Leaf kapangidwe: malamulo ndi kuchotserapo

Lamina ndi gawo yaitali pepalalo. Petiole - steblevidnaya mbali narrowest. Ndi kupyolera mwa iye ndi tsinde zikugwirizana tsamba tsamba. Base - limene mbali Ufumuyo kudula tsinde la. Pa pansi ndi stipules.

Monga ulamuliro, kapangidwe ka masamba cerebro-m'mimba (dorziventralnoe). The ndege chosokonekera ndi chimodzi, ndipo ukugawa iwo mu amachepetsa awiri symmetrical kwa wina ndi mzake. Komabe, malamulo amenewa kuchotserapo ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, masamba masamba (Mumapezekanso) kukula nsonga. Koma singano ya paini, izo kumawonjezera mu kukula mu zaka zingapo. Mu masingano paini kukula kukula gusset pa maziko a.

Komabe, kuchotserapo Chodabwitsa kwambiri kwa lamulo limeneli tinganene kuti masamba mirabilis Welwitschia. Iwo gymnosperms, lomwe likupezeka mu South Africa (Kalahari M'chipululu). Tumboobrazny thunthu Welwitschia mirabilis (40 cm mu msinkhu ndi 1 mita awiri) mitundu 2 okha mapepala. kutalika mamita atatu. Fomu masamba remnevidnaya, ali leathery. masamba awa adzafa ndi malekezero ndi pa tsinde la nthawi zonse kukula. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, moyo wawo amayembekezeka akhoza upambana zaka 100.

Kodi m'kagulu masamba?

Masamba akunja zosiyanasiyana ndi kwakukulu moti limodzi gulu dongosolo zochokera makhalidwe chimodzi kapena zingapo, sakhoza analenga. Pali classifications angapo, limene ife tsopano akufotokoza.

Gulu la petiole ndi

Pali njira zitatu zimene tsinde Ufumuyo masamba. Chomera kuima ndi petioles popanda iwo. Mbali yoyamba, masamba a chomera wotchedwa petiolate, pamene lachiwiri - sessile. M'munsi mwa ena zomera kukula, wobisa tsinde msonkhano. Pankhaniyi pepala imatchedwa ukazi. Tsinde mukufuna aganyali nazo. Ngati amangokhala mbewu tsamba akutsikira phesi pansi, umatchedwa decurrent. Chitsanzo chabwino - ndi nthula. Ngati tsamba mbewu chimakwirira tsinde, umatchedwa amplexicaul.

Ethers ndi masamba

Chitani Gawo lotsatira. Leaf mbale angakhalenso yosiyanasiyana mu mawonekedwe, kukula, kapangidwe ndi magawo ena. Pangakhale umodzi kapena kuposerapo. Ngati pali umboni umodzi okha, masamba amatchedwa yosavuta. Fomu masamba a mitengo Pankhaniyi kungakhale chowulungika, kuzungulira, lanceolate, oblong, dzira woboola pakati, liniya, obratnoyaytsevoy. Pamene mbale zingapo pa petiole limodzi, ndi mitundu zovuta. Location lamina angakhalenso osiyana. Fomu masamba (zovuta) akhale motere: preryvistoperistoslozhnoy, trizhdyperistoslozhnoy, dvazhdyperistoslozhnoy, imparipinnately, parnoperistoslozhnoy, palchatoslozhnoy, ternate.

Komabe, masamba achidule osiyanasiyana. Taganizirani izi chitsanzo ndi ambiri zomera monstera. mpambo wake imakhala lamina chimodzi chokha imatengedwa mophweka. Komabe, mawonekedwe ake ndi chodabwitsa kwambiri. Masamba a mtundu wotchedwa kuligaŵa. Pali mitundu ina. Ngati mbale si upambana odulidwa kotala ya m'lifupi, mawonekedwe a masamba lobed a mitengo. Ngati kudula ndi lachitatu, iwo ukutchedwa kugawanika. Komanso zimachitika kuti pepala odulidwa umalandira mitsempha yaikulu. Pankhaniyi, mawonekedwe a mbewu masamba kuligaŵa.

Chiwerengero cha amacheka, mawonekedwe a masamba masamba ndi m'mbali

Chitani Gawo lotsatira. Zomera zingasiyane ndi chiwerengero cha amacheka pepalalo. Ngati chidagawika patatu, umatchedwa troychato- ngati 5 - palchato- ngati nambala yaikulu ya m'madera - peristo- (kuligaŵa, kugawanika, nkhafi ndikupita).

masamba Leaf komanso wachinsinsi mawonekedwe. Kuonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa mitundu :. Ovoid, ozungulira, lanceolate, lanceolate, liniya, oblong, mtima woboola pakati, muvi woboola pakati, etc. Mwa m'munsi chomwecho amathanso m'kagulu ndi m'mbali. The yofala kwambiri pepala m'mphepete - yofunika (yosalala konsekonse masamba). Komabe, pali mitundu ina angapo. Allocated imodzi, crenate, kolyuchezubchatye (spiny), mawonekedwe meandering serrate tsamba m'mphepete.

Geterofiliya

Kodi munamvapo lingaliro ili? Ngati ayi, tisaiwale kuti masamba pa mphukira amenewa ndi osiyana mawonekedwe, mtundu ndi kuchuluka. zodabwitsazi anadziwika monga geterofiliya. Ndi mmene Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa arrowhead ndi, buttercup, ndi mitundu zina zambiri.

chomera mtsempha

Mukamakambirana zomera tsamba Tingaone kuti pali mitsempha. Izi ziwiya conductive. malo awo pa pepala akhoza zosiyanasiyana. Venation - njira dongosolo tsamba. Pali mitundu ingapo kwake: Net (pinnate ndi chala) dichotoma, Arc yomweyi. Pakuti monocots khalidwe Arc kapena kufanana veining, ndi bipartite - ukonde.

Ife akamufunsirire kuganizira ndipo yerekezerani thundu ndipo mapulo masamba tizindikire mawonekedwe awo.

masamba thundu

Oak - zomera ankaikira nyengo kotentha. Angapezeke m'madera osiyanasiyana a kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Otentha okwera - kum'mwera malire a kukula. Masamba ndi leathery. Iwo amagwira mtengo mitundu yobiriwira kwa zaka zingapo, ndi zina kugwa chaka, kapena kukhala pa nthambi ndi kupukuta pang'onopang'ono kugwa. Fomu thundu tsamba ndi nkhafi ndikupita. Komabe, nthawi zina pamakhala lonse. mawonekedwe wathundu tsamba anamuona pa mitundu ina yobiriwira. The woyera Mwachitsanzo, masamba lalikulu ndithu (mpaka 25 cm). Mu mitundu ya mitengo oblong-chowulungika pepala mawonekedwe. M'chaka cha korona amakhala ofiira owala mitundu, ndi chilimwe amasintha mtundu wake kuti wowala wobiriwira, pamene mmunsi limakhala loyera. Mthunzi masamba zimasiyanasiyana kugwa. Zimakhala ku wolemera yofiirira burgundy. Mafomu yophukira masamba sizimasintha.

Red Oak (mwinamwake ilo likutchedwa North) - mtengo wamtali (kwa 25 m) lomwe lili ndi korona wandiweyani. Masamba lalikulu, ndi lumo lakuthwa. Dzinali ndi mtengo analandira chifukwa masamba, amene ali mtundu utoto m'dzinja ndi masika.

masamba mapulo

Europe ndi ku Asia ndi kunyumba kwa mapulo. Ndi deciduous mitengo ndi wandiweyani, adzakhale korona lonse. Pa kumwamba akafika mamita 30. mtengo kupulumuka m'mikhalidwe yabwino kwa zaka 200. Masamba lalikulu, awiri awo ndi 18 cm. Iwo anatchula mitsempha. Kutiumba Maple Leaf chiri motere: lili 5 masamba, n'kufika lobes zisonga. Pankhaniyi atatu masamba kutsogolo musati amasiyana mzake, ndi awiri m'munsi penapake ang'onoang'ono. M'kati anamaliza pakati pa onse a iwo. Petioles yaitali. Koma mtundu, komanso zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi nyengo pa chaka. M'chilimwe masamba ndi mdima wobiriwira pamwamba ndi wobiriwira kuwala pansi. M'dzinja iwo kukhala bulauni, wofiira, amtundu wina ndi mithunzi bulauni.

Choncho, takambirana za mawonekedwe zikuluzikulu za masamba. Pomaliza, tinena za udindo wawo.

kutanthauza masamba

Ntchito chofunika kwambiri ndi mapangidwe organic. Large ndi lathyathyathya pepala mbale padzuwa. Izo zikuchitika mu masamba a ndondomeko ya photosynthesis. Ndi thandizo lawo, mbewu komanso ukuphwera madzi. Iwo akhoza kusintha mphamvu ya ndondomekoyi, kutseka ndi kutsegula stomata. Komanso, mothandizidwa ndi tsamba mpweya kuwombola amapezeka. Mpweya woipa ndi mpweya akudyetsedwa kudzera stomata lapansi. Mpweya zingamuthandize kupuma, ndi mpweya kumafuna mmela pakuti kaphatikizidwe zinthu organic. Pa tsamba kugwa zinthu zosafunika amachotsedwa, pamwamba pa ziwalo mlengalenga amachepetsa mu nthawi yovuta. Bzalani ukuphwera zochepa madzi, korona amasonkhana zochepa chisanu, kutanthauza izo ambike.