Mfundo zogwirira ntchito za transistor

Pulojekiti ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwira ntchito pamagalimoto osokoneza bongo. Ikonzedwa kuti isinthe ndi kukulitsa zizindikiro zamagetsi. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zida: bipolar transistor ndi transistor, kapena transistor.

Ngati mitundu iwiri yonyamula katundu - mabowo ndi electron - amagwira ntchito panthawi yomweyo, imatchedwa bipolar. Ngati mtundu umodzi wothandizira umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa transistor, ndiye kuti ndi wosasunthika.

Tangoganizani ntchito ya madzi wamba. Anasintha chipikacho - madzi akuwonjezeka, anatembenukira kumbali inayo - kutuluka kunatsika kapena kunayima. Mwachizolowezi, izi ndi momwe transistor imagwirira ntchito. M'malo mwa madzi, mtsinje wa electron umadutsa mmenemo. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito bipolar mtundu transistor imadziwika ndi kuti mitundu iwiri ya zamakono ikuyenda kudzera mu chipangizo ichi. Iwo amagawidwa kukhala aakulu, kapena oyambirira ndi ang'ono, kapena abwana. Kuwonjezera apo, mphamvu ya ulamuliro womwe ulipo tsopano imakhudza mphamvu ya pakali pano. Ganizirani za kusintha kwa munda. Mfundo yake ikusiyana ndi ena. Mawotchi amodzi okha amadutsamo , mphamvu yomwe imachokera kumunda woyandikana ndi magetsi.

Bipolar transistor amapangidwa ndi magawo atatu a semiconductor, ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, ndi kusintha kwa PN ziwiri. Ndikofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pa PNP ndi NPN kusintha, ndipo, motero, transistors. M'magulu oterewa amatha kusinthana kwa magetsi ndi dzenje.

Bipolar transistor ili ndi maulendo atatu. Umenewu ndiwo maziko, kukhudzana kumene kumachoka pakatikati, ndi ma electrode m'mphepete mwa-emitter ndi wosonkhanitsa. Poyerekeza ndi magetsi oterewa, interlayer wa m'munsi ndi woonda kwambiri. Pamphepete mwa transistor, dera la semiconductor silili lozungulira. Kuti mugwire ntchito yoyenera, chipangizo cha semiconductor chomwe chili pambali ya osonkhanitsa chiyenera kukhala chochepa kwambiri kuposa choyimira.

Malamulo a transistor amachokera pazinthu zakuthupi. Tidzagwira ntchito ndi PNP chitsanzo. Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha NPN chidzakhala chofanana, kupatulapo mphamvu ya magetsi pakati pa zinthu zofunika monga wosonkhanitsa ndi kutulutsa. Adzawatsogolera mosiyana.

Mtundu wa P-muli ndi mabowo kapena mabomba okakamizidwa. Chinthu cha mtundu wa N chimakhala ndi ma electron osokoneza. Mu transistor yomwe ife timayang'ana, chiwerengero cha mabowo m'derali P ndi chachikulu kwambiri kusiyana ndi chiwerengero cha electron m'dera la N.

Mukamagwirizanitsa magetsi pakati pa mbali ngati emitter ndi wosonkhanitsa, mfundo za opaleshonizi zimachokera pazimene mabowo amayamba kukopa pamtengo ndikusonkhanitsa pafupi ndi emitter. Koma zamakono sizipita. Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imachokera ku magetsi siimatha kufika kwa wosonkhanitsa chifukwa cha interlayer yochuluka ya emitter semiconductor ndi interlayer wa semiconductor.
Kenaka timagwirizanitsa gwero la magetsi ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zili pakati pa maziko ndi emitter. Tsopano mabowo amaloledwa kumunsi ndikuyamba kugwirizana ndi magetsi. Gawo lalikulu la m'munsili liri ndi mabowo. Chifukwa chake, mafunde awiri amapangidwa. Mkulu - kuchokera ku emitter kupita kwa wosonkhanitsa, ang'ono - kuchokera kumunsi kupita ku emitter.

Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa magetsi m'munsi mwa interlayer N padzakhalanso mabowo ambiri, maulendo atsopano adzawonjezereka, kutuluka kwatsopano kudzakula pang'ono. Choncho, ndi kusintha kochepa m'makono atsopano, mthunzi wamakono ukuwonjezeka kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, timapeza kukula kwa chizindikiro cha bipolar transistor.

Tiyeni tikambirane mfundo za opaleshoniyo malinga ndi njira zomwe zimagwirira ntchito. Pali njira yogwira ntchito yogwiritsidwa ntchito, njira yotsatila yogwiritsira ntchito, kuwonetsetsa, mawonekedwe odulidwa.
Ndi ntchito yoyendetsa ntchito, kusuntha kumatseguka, ndipo osonkhanitsa amitsegulira. Muzolowera, zonse zimachitika mozungulira.