Michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi Lasers: mitundu ya chipangizo, mfundo opaleshoni, ntchito

Michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi lasers ndi kwadzidzidzi magudumu zochokera michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi yogwira sing'anga, mmene amveke kuwala ndi umuna analimbikitsa analengedwa pa kusintha pakati pa milingo mphamvu kwadzidzidzi pa mkulu wa ndende ufulu mlandu zonyamulira m'deralo.

Michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi laser: Mfundo ntchito

Mwachibadwa, ambiri a ma elekitironi ili mlingo valency. Pa njira fotoni mphamvu choposa mphamvu gulu kusiyana, ndi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi, ma elekitironi kubwera mu boma la malemeredwe, ndi kuswa zone choletsedwacho, kusunthira mu zone free, akupanga mphepete ake m'munsi. Imodzi, dzenje aumbike mwa mlingo valence, kukwera kwa malire ake chapamwamba. The ma elekitironi mu zone ufulu recombine ndi mabowo, yochokera mphamvu wofanana ndi mphamvu m'dera chophukacho, mu mawonekedwe a photons. Recombination akhoza kumatheka chifukwa photons ndi mlingo mphamvu zokwanira. mafotokozedwe n'zosangalatsa kumva limafanana ndi Fermi ntchito yogawa.

chipangizo

The chipangizo michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi laser ndi laser diode amawapopa ma elekitironi mphamvu ndi mabowo m'dera tsa-n-kusintha - mfundo zokhudzana ndi conductive michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi p- ndi N-mtundu. Komanso, pali michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi lasers ndi kuwala athandizira mphamvu imene mtengo wa aumbike mwa mayamwidwe wa photons kuwala ndi kwadzidzidzi kugwa lasers, zomwe ndi zochokera kusintha mkati mabacteria ndi.

kapangidwe

mankhwala Chitsanzo ntchito lasers michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi ndi zipangizo zina optoelectronic, motere:

• gallium arsenide;
• gallium phosphide;
• gallium nitride;
• indium phosphide;
• indium gallium arsenide;
• gallium zotayidwa arsenide;
• gallium-indium-gallium nitride;
• phosphide, gallium-indium.

timaganiza

Izi mankhwala - mwachindunji-kusiyana semiconductors. Indirect- (pakachitsulo) alibe zimatulutsa kuwala ndi mphamvu zokwanira ndi dzuwa. The timaganiza za cheza ndi wa diode laser zimadalira mphamvu ya mphamvu fotoni akuyandikira gulu kusiyana kwa pawiri makamaka. The 3- ndi 4-chigawo michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi mankhwala mphamvu gulu kusiyana mwina mosalekeza zosiyanasiyana pa osiyanasiyana. Pa AlGaAs = Al _X Chiga _1-× Monga Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezeka zotayidwa zili (kuwonjezeka x) Njira ya kuwonjezeka kusiyana mphamvu gulu.

Ngakhale ambiri lasers michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi ntchito mu pafupi gawo infuraredi a sipekitiramu, ena zimatulutsa chofiira (gallium indium phosphide), buluu kapena wofiirira (gallium nitride) mitundu. Avereji infuraredi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi laser (kutsogolera selenide) ndi kwadzidzidzi kugwa lasers.

semiconductors organic

Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba mankhwala zochita kupanga akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi organic. luso yoyenera likupitirirabe chitukuko, koma chitukuko akulonjeza kwambiri kuchepetsa ndalama yopanga lasers. Padakali pano anayamba lasers organic ndi kuwala mphamvu athandizira ndi mkulu-ntchito magetsi mpope silinakwaniritsidwe anafika.

mitundu

Ndi kuchuluka kwa lasers michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi ndi magawo osiyana ndi phindu ntchito.

Small laser diodes kutulutsa mtanda wa apamwamba makina cheza ndani ranges kuchokera mazana ochepa milliwatts mazana asanu. ndi laser diode Chip ndi woonda amakona anayi mbale, amene akutumikira monga waveguide, popeza cheza okha malo yaing'ono. Crystal doped ndi mbali zonse kulenga pn-kusintha kwa dera lalikulu. Malekezero opukutidwa kulenga resonator kuwala kwa Fabry - Perot interferometer. Fotoni kudutsa M'mimbamo yochititsa recombination poizoni ameneyu kuonjezera, ndipo amayamba m'badwo. Iwo ntchito laser Cholozera, CD- ndi DVD-osewera, komanso CHIKWANGWANI chamawonedwe.

lasers Low mphamvu ndi lasers olimba ndi M'mimbamo kunja kwa kupoletsa nyemba lalifupi mwina synchronize zochitika.

michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi lasers ndi M'mimbamo kunja tiri ndi laser diode, amene n'chofunikira mu zikuchokera phindu sing'anga zambiri laser-resonator. Angathe kusintha adziwana dzulo ndipo ndi yopapatiza umuna gulu.

Jekeseni lasers ndi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi dera cheza mu gulu yotakata, akhoza kupanga otsika khalidwe mtengo mphamvu ya Watts angapo. Amakhala ndi woonda wosanjikiza yogwira oyenerera pakati pa p- ndi N-wosanjikiza, n'kupanga heterojunction awiri. Limagwirira ukaidi wa kuwala malangizo lateral akusowa, zomwe zimachititsa ellipticity mkulu mtengo ndi mafunde unacceptably mkulu pakhomo.

Wamphamvu diode magulu, wopangidwa mwa mizere ya diodes, burodibandi, amatha kutulutsa mtanda wa mediocre khalidwe mphamvu za makumi a Watts.

Wamphamvu ziwiri ooneka enieni magulu a diodes akhoza kupanga mphamvu ya masauzande Watts.

Pamwamba-emitting lasers (VCSEL) emitting kuwala linanena bungwe mtengo khalidwe milliwatts angapo perpendicular kwa mbale. Pa cheza padziko resonator galasi umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe a zigawo mu dynes ¼ yoweyula ndi osiyana akalozera refractive. Pa Chip limodzi likhoza kupangidwa lasers mazana angapo, amene atsegula kuthekera kuŵeta.

C VECSEL lasers kuwala mphamvu athandizira ndi kunja resonator angathe kupoletsa linkakhala wabwino mphamvu ya Watts angapo pa mode lanu.

Ntchito michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi laser kwadzidzidzi kugwa mtundu zochokera kusintha mkati mwa magulu (mosiyana interband a). zipangizozi zimatulutsa m'chigawo chapakati pa sipekitiramu infuraredi, nthawizina mu terahertz osiyanasiyana. Iwo ntchito Mwachitsanzo, ngati analyzers mpweya.

Michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi lasers: ntchito ndi mbali yaikulu ya

Mkulu-mphamvu diode lasers ndi kwambiri electrically amawapopa pa voltages zolimbitsa ntchito ngati njira kwambiri bwino kupereka mphamvu olimba lasers boma.

Michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi lasers umagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana lalikulu mafurikwense monga zooneka, pafupi infuraredi ndi pakati infuraredi mbali sipekitiramu wa. zipangizo analengedwa komanso kusintha pafupipafupi izducheniya.

Laser diodes mwamsanga kusinthana ndi modulate mphamvu kuwala kuti ntchito CHIKWANGWANI chamawonedwe mizere kulankhulana transmitters.

makhalidwe amenewa apanga michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi lasers ndi sayansi mtundu wofunika kwambiri maser. Iwo ntchito:

• ndi masensa telemetry, pyrometers, kuwala altimeter, rangefinders, zowoneka, holography;
• mu CHIKWANGWANI machitidwe kuwala HIV ndi kusunga deta, kachitidwe kulankhulana coherent;
• osindikiza laser, projectors video, ozolowera, bala malamulo sikana, fano sikana, CD-osewera (DVD, CD, Blu-Ray);
• mu ndondomeko zotchinjiriza, kwadzidzidzi cryptography, zokha, zizindikiro;
• mu metrology kuwala ndi kafukufuku wazamawalidwe;
• mu opareshoni, mano, cosmetology mankhwala;
• Iwo ayeretsedwa ndi madzi, chuma akuchitira, ikukoka wa lasers boma olimba, kulamulira zochita mankhwala kusanja mafakitale, makina mafakitale machitidwe poyatsira, ndi kachitidwe mpweya chitetezo.

kugunda linanena bungwe

Ambiri michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi laser amapanga mtengo mosalekeza. Chifukwa yochepa zogona nthawi ya ma elekitironi mu mlingo conduction sali oyenera kwambiri kwa kupoletsa ndi Q-anazimitsa nyemba, koma quasi-mosalekeza mode ntchito akhoza kwambiri pa kwadzidzidzi jenereta mphamvu. Komanso, michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi lasers angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'badwo wa ultrashort zimachitika mode-zokhoma kapena kusinthitsa wa phindu ndi. Avereji mphamvu nyemba lalifupi, kawirikawiri okha ndi milliwatts ochepa kupatula lasers VECSEL-optically amawapopa, lomwe linanena bungwe wattage anayeza picosecond nyemba ndi pafupipafupi mu makumi a gigahertz.

Kusinthasintha ndi olimba

The ntchito yochepa zogona elekitironi mu conduction gulu la lasers michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi ndi luso modulate pafupipafupi aakulu omwe ali VCSEL-lasers kuposa GHz 10. Zakhala ntchito deta kuwala HIV, kafukufuku wazamawalidwe, laser olimba.