M'mayiko zaulimi: lingaliro, kapangidwe, ntchito

m'madera onse a dziko m'dziko lathu anawagawa ulimi sanali ulimi. Malinga ndi nyengo, njira ya ntchito ndi subtypes komanso Mkhalidwe chikhalidwe olekanitsidwa a magulu awiriwa.

tanthauzo

minda ndi chiyani? Tanthauzo la lingaliro ili silipita (monga kuyenera siyana). zaulimi wotchedwa dziko anafuna kuti kulima mbewu, kuswana ziweto ndi kukhazikitsa zochitika kugwirizana. Aliyense gawo zoterezi malire chatsekedwa, ndi malo enieni.

Pakuti wambiri zaulimi ndi magulu otsatirawa: olimapo dziko, msipu, minda udzu, mbewu osatha, ugonere. subspecies imodzi zodzabatizidwa malonda angachititse kuti wina. Koma zimachitika kawirikawiri.

Olimapo dziko, ugonere dziko ndi osatha kakwamba

Ambiri a dziko ulimi ndi dziko anafuna kufesa mbewu. ziwembu oterowo analima munda. Koma ngati ali kukonzedwa mwadongosolo. Kuwonjezera minda ndi zomera mbewu, mu gulu ili m'gulu udzu osatha m'madera a kasinthasintha mbewu, excretory ndi oyera awiri m'munda. Malo okwana olimapo Padziko Lapansi lero biliyoni 1.3 mahekitala. Uku 3% a padziko dziko. Malo okwana minda mu Russia - 2434,6 ha .. Pa nthawi yomweyo pa nkhani olimapo malo 60% ya dziko lonse.

Tanthawuzo la "gawo" tilowe m'madera m'mbuyomu ankalima, koma osati ntchito kulima zomera pa chaka, ndipo sanakonzekere pansi par. Perennials - m'dziko lino, mitengo chongopeka anabzala, zitsamba ndi udzu osatha. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, zipatso, minda ya mphesa, Khmelniki, m'minda tiyi, ndi zina zotero. D.

Hayfields ndi msipu

Ntchito m'madera ulimi osati mu ulimi, komanso ulimi nyama. Choncho, udzu m'mayiko ndi ziwembu anthu amene kukula zitsamba osatha. Cholinga cha mtundu wa dziko - Kudyetsa wadulidwa ng'ombe zomera pa iwo m'nyengo yozizira. mayiko amenewa, nayenso ali m'magulu zambiri magulu angapo. Ndi zotsatira kusiyanitsa udzu:

1. Woyera. Pa malo awa palibe tokhala, stumps, miyala ikuluikulu, mitengo ndi zitsamba. Ndikutchetcha pa magawo a mtundu akhoza kupangidwa ndi dzuwa pazipita.
2. Zakochkarennye. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo madera yokutidwa hummocks osachepera 10%.
3. Mitengo ndiponso zakustarennye. mbali zoterozo mu dziko lathu - osati m'chipani. Zokhudzana ndi gulu ili la dziko yokutidwa ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba kuti 10-70%. Ndikutchetcha pamasamba amenewa ndi zovuta kumafuna nthawi.

Forage dziko inamera nkhalango ndi zitsamba, mu Russia pali za miliyoni 10 mahekitala, zakochkarennyh - pafupifupi mamiliyoni 2.2 mahekitala.

Malinga mlingo wa hydration minda ngati zimagawidwa m'magulu:

• chigumula;
• zomwe zili;
• madambo.

Pa magulu awiri a choyamba zina mbali bwino lakutali.

M'mayiko msipu akutchedwa, anapangidwa kuti msipu m'miyezi yotentha, musati a hayfields kapena madipoziti. Pali magulu awiri okha a m'madera amenewo: madambo ndi zomwe zili. Yotsirizira zambiri ili m'chipululu chigumula mwa mitsinje ndipo madzi anasefukira pa madzi osefukira masika kwa nthawi yochepa. msipu lowe zili otsika, pa mzinda wa bogs ndi malo bwino chatsanulidwa.

m'madera zomwe zili anawagawa nthaŵi yaitali chikhalidwe bwino. Monga udzu, msipu akhoza wachinsinsi monga khalidwe. Chikutanthauza kusiyanitsa woyera, zakochkarennye ndi malo mitengo. Osati kwambiri apamwamba dziko la gulu ili mu dziko lathu, mwatsoka, ndithu kwambiri. Komabe, ngati ndalama ulimi ndi bwino anayamba ntchito zachuma zinthu angathe bwino.

Land Code la Chitaganya cha Russia № 78-F3

Ntchito zaulimi ndi Lamulo ndi boma. Pogwira yosiyanasiyana ntchito m'madera omwe akutsogoleredwa makamaka ndi Chilamulo Federal № 78-F3 "Pa kasamalidwe dziko" anavomera mu 2001. Mbali ya gulu kwa gulu m'dziko zolinga za ulimi. Izi mulinso:

• dziko wotanganidwa ndi kwapakati pa-mauthenga komanso misewu;
• prohibitive malamba nkhalango;
• dziko ndi matupi chatsekedwa wa madzi;
• dziko wotanganidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya zida yosungiramo ndiponso pokonza chachikulu cha ulimi.

The ntchito za m'mayiko ulimi motsatira Land Code la Chitaganya cha Russia. Lamulo limeneli amasonyeza nzika za ufulu m'madera boma malamulo a zaulimi ndi ufulu wa anthu a chinkhoswe mu munda, horticulture ndi ng'ombe kuswana pa farmsteads payekha.

Kusamukira ku magawo ena a

Zaulimi monga mwa chilamulo imvera ankatetezedwa. m'mayiko amenewo ndi kunditumiza ku gulu ena pokha pokha yapadera. kulanda akhoza kuchitika pokhapokha ngati kuli koyenera:

• kukwaniritsidwa udindo mayiko;
• chitukuko cha madipoziti mchere;
• chitetezo cha boma;
• okhutira ya zinthu ya cholowa chikhalidwe.

dziko wofunika kwambiri

Mtundu wa zaulimi kukhalapo mu Russia akhoza wachinsinsi mu:

• Maere Ziwerengero kufufuza pamwamba pafupifupi Boma.
• Wofunika kwambiri m'chigawochi.
• Posasangalala dziko.

Wofunika kwambiri zaulimi, amene, mwa zina, akhoza zimachitika ziwembu experimental mabungwe sayansi ndi maphunziro, nthawi zambiri m'gulu mndandanda wa dziko amene ntchito pa zolinga zina, koma kwenikweni munda sikuloledwa.

Mwachangu Economic ntchito

Quality zaulimi, motero mwina osiyana. Yerekezerani mtengo wa malo enieni wachibale wina ndi mnzake amalola kuwunika chuma. Kungakhale wamba opangidwa zochokera tikayerekezera ndalama ndi zotsatira za kuika lonse mbewu, kapena mwachinsinsi. Zikatero amaonekera ndi mlingo wa dzuwa la kulima mitundu ina ya zomera ulimi. Ikuchitika zoterezi ziyenera zikhale mapulani ndi Kugawilidwa kwanthaka kupanga kapena kuti ntchito yeniyeni kumalo a ntchito.

Kodi mogwira ntchito farmlands pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana anatsimikiza ndi dongosolo la mtengo ndi zizindikiro zathupi. M'menemo chachikulu ndi:

• mtengo wa linanena bungwe aakulu ndi zopeza asanachotse;
• kudzipereka kwa T / ha;
• payback padera mu dziko;
• ndi profitability amakampani ulimi.

Nthawi zina monga ntchito ngati zizindikiro zina kuyerekeza chiwerengero cha mbewu wamba alimi ndipo olimapo.

Nthawi zambiri, dzuwa ntchito m'dziko wotsimikizika ndi kufufuza. Iwo masamu pa mndandanda wa zizindikiro za zokolola kwa zaka 3-5 lomaliza. Komanso n'komwe:

• chiwerengero cha ndalama kusiyanitsidwa;
• ndalama opaleshoni;
• aakulu linanena bungwe;
• malo quality, ndi zina zotero. d.

ntchito zomveka

Cholinga cha dziko ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa ulimi, angakhale osiyana. Koma Mulimonsemo, chizindikiro chachikulu cha khalidwe lawo ndi chonde. ntchito zomveka kwa dziko akutchedwa, imene n'zotheka kupeza zokolola pazipita popanda kuchepetsa chithunzi ichi. Alipo lero mu malamulo Russian amapereka zolimbikitsa zachuma owerenga dziko, eni dziko ndi anyantchoche kugwiritsa ntchito njira izi za ulimi zimene chonde m'dziko si osati kusanduka, koma adakulabe mu njira iliyonse.

Kuwonjezera akuchuluka kapangidwe ndi dongosolo la dziko lapansi, ntchito molakwika zingachititse kuti fouling ndi madzi osefukira. Pofuna kupewa kudzitsitsa nthaka, makamaka mbewu kasinthasintha chiyenera kuchitika, ntchito mwanzeru zimagalimoto (kupewa compaction wa dziko lapansi), ntchito fetereza yekha zedi lamanja ndi nthawi, kutulutsa laimu, etc., ngati n'koyenera. D.

Geography a minda mu Russia

Slash ndi kuwotcha ulimi mu zone ya nkhalango wosanganiza mu dziko lathu ife tafika pa chiyambi cha m'ma 6. Mu 14-15 zaka TH kuti m'malo ndi nthunzi. M'zaka za m'ma 18. siteji mosalekeza chitukuko m'dziko anayamba chapakati Russia. Chinachake kenako minda m'dera kufala kwa nayonso pakati ndi kumpoto. Ndi 20 centenary chitukuko malo ambiri anamaliza. Kukhazikika mu atumwi wotsiriza dziko madera chitsanzo anakhalabe pafupifupi zikutsatiridwa masiku ano. Yekha ndi chitukuko cha m'mayiko namwali. Pakali pano, pafupifupi 50% ya nkhani zonse olimapo dziko mbali European la Russia, 30% - mu Yuzhnyy Ural ndi 20% - kum'mwera kwa Siberia.