Momwe mungayang'anire zizindikirozi. Malemba a zizindikiro

Zizindikiro zolembera ndizofunikira kwambiri pamutu. Munthu amene sagwiritse ntchito polemba, amawopseza kuti anthu omwe malembawo awamasulidwe sangamvetse tanthauzo lake. Inde, ndipo werengani uthenga wotere sungatheke. Choncho, muyenera kungoyang'ana zizindikirozo pokhapokha malembawo atalembedwa. Izi sizitanthauza kulemekeza opezeka okha, komanso kudzipangira nokha, chifukwa chilankhulo cholembedwa ndichizindikiro cha chikhalidwe chapamwamba. M'nkhaniyi tikambirana momwe zizindikiro ziyenera kuchitira, ndi zizindikiro zazikulu ziti zomwe zimagwira ntchito iliyonse.

Mbiri yakupezeka kwa zizindikiro za chizindikiro

Zizindikiro za penti sizimawoneke pomwepo. Poyamba, malembawa anali ovuta kumvetsa, chifukwa iwo analembedwa popanda iwo. Mfundo yoti ndi yofunikira kulemba malipoti olembedwa ku Ulaya amamvetsetsa koyamba ndi French. Makhalidwe apadera apadera, makasitomala, adatengedwa kuchokera ku Agiriki m'zaka za m'ma XV.

Koma ku Russia, adapanga lingaliro loti nthawi yoyenera ndi yotani, Mikhailo Lomonosov. Malamulo adayikidwa ndi iye m'zaka za zana la 18. Komanso, sankangonena za kugwiritsira ntchito makasitomala, komanso zizindikiro zozizwitsa. Karamzin adatulutsanso dash ndi colon.

Chizindikiro cha zizindikiro

Kodi cholinga cha zizindikiro zolembera ndi chiyani? Kudziwa izi ndizothandiza kwambiri pamene mukufuna kufufuza malemba.

Chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri ndi dontho. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polekanitsa chiganizo chimodzi kwa wina, amatanthawuza mapeto a uthenga wosachepera ndi chiyambi cha chatsopano. Nthawi zina, mmalo mwa mfundo, zizindikiro, zizindikiro kapena zodandaula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Yoyamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zomwe zili ndi funso, lachiwiri - lachikondi, lolimbikitsa.

Mwachitsanzo, ndikwanira kuyerekeza ziganizo zitatu: Natalia Pavlovna ndi dokotala wodziwa bwino opaleshoni. (Chidziwitso chokhazikika, cholinga ndi uthenga weniweni). - Natalia Pavlovna - dokotala wodziŵa bwino opaleshoni? (Funso). - Inde Natalia Pavlovna - dokotala wamkulu opaleshoni! (Kukhudzika mtima).

Nthawi zina kumapeto kwa chiganizo chizindikiro chapadera chimayikidwa - ellipsis, chimasonyeza kusagwirizana kwa lingaliro.

Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito makasitomala. Zizindikirozi zimasiyanitsa zigawo zina zomveka kuchokera kwa ena, kupanga zolemba. Popanda malire, zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la chiganizo. Mawu otchuka akuti "iwe sungathe kulanga kuphedwa" ndi chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi cha izi.

Pofuna kufotokoza mfundo zilizonse, gwiritsani ntchito koloni. Ikhozanso kutanthauzira ku malemba osiyanasiyana.

Dash (mwa njira, ili ndilo dzina lokha la chizindikiro cha chizindikiro, lochokera kunja-French) ndilofunika pamene mgwirizano kapena mawu akuphonya. Zimasonyezanso kuti mu chiganizo lingaliro limodzi likutsutsana ndi wina.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa semicolons n'kosavuta kwambiri. Chizindikirochi chikuphatikizidwa ndi zigawo zosagwirizanitsidwa bwino ndi wina ndi mnzake.

Mawu osagwirizana

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone malamulo ofunika omwe angathandize kufufuza zizindikirozo. Chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri ndi ma makoti a ziganizo zofanana. Kumbukirani, awa ndi omwe amayankha funso limodzi ndikugwirizana ndi membala mmodzi wa ndondomekoyi. Mosakayikira mbali iliyonse yamagetsi yokhayokha ikhoza kukhala yofanana.

Kuti muwone zizindikiro za zizindikirozi, muyenera kumvetsera mgwirizanowu. Ngati palibe, ma comma amaikidwa nthawi zonse. Pamphepete mwa udzu unakula wofiira, wowala wachikasu, maluwa oyera.

N'kofunikanso kuyika chizindikiro cholembapo ngati mawu ogwirizana akugwirizanitsa pawiri. Maluŵa ofiira ndi achikasu, a buluu ndi oyera amakula pamphepete mwawo. Monga momwe tikuonera, pakadali pano chiwerengerocho chimasiyanitsa ziganizo ziwiri zofanana ndi mgwirizanowu.

Ndi mgwirizanowu wobwereza, chizindikiro choyimira chimayikidwa pambuyo poyambirira. Pamphepete mwa udzu unakula, ndikuwala bwino, ndi maluwa okongola.

Kwa mawu ogwirizana, pangakhale mawu owonjezera. Pachifukwa ichi, kutsimikizira kuti zizindikirozi ziyenera kumathandiza kudziwa komwe kuli. Ngati pamakhala mawu angapo ogwirizana, ndiye kuti muyenera kuika koloni. Pambuyo pake - dash. Mwachitsanzo: M'mundawu munakula maluwa osiyanasiyana: wofiira, wowala, wachikasu ndi woyera. Liwu lalikulu la maluwa limagwiritsidwa ntchito musanamve tanthauzo lenileni. Ofiira, ofiira achikasu, a buluu, oyera - mitundu yonse ya maluwa imakongoletsa dera.

Kupatukana

Kulekanitsa ndikutanthauzira kwambiri pa zizindikiro zamagwiritsidwe ndi zizindikiro. Onetsetsani zizindikirozi ndi zomwe zikuthandizani kupeza mawu kuti atsimikizidwe. Izi ndizofunikira ngati ndi funso lakutanthauzira kwina. Tiyeni tipereke zitsanzo:

Mbalame zikuyenda pakati pa mitengo, pa mbalame zomwe zimagwidwa ndi ntchentche. Mawu a Swaris 'amagwiritsidwa ntchito musanatanthauzira kumbali yeniyeni (izo zikuwonetsedwa ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera).

Oyendayenda, atatopa ndi njala, posakhalitsa anayandikira nyumba yosungirako nyumba. Ofotokozera mawu omasuliridwa akuyang'ana tanthawuzo losiyana (ilo likuwonetsedwa ndi matanthauzo ofanana, ogwirizana ndi chithandizo cha mgwirizano).

Nthawi zonse ndi kofunika kuika makasitomala posankha:

• Kutembenuka pang'ono. Atadzipatula, adatha kuthaŵa mavuto.
• Mipatulo yosiyana imayankhula payekhayimwini. Tili okhutira ndi owuziridwa, tinafika pa malo otetezera.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse kumatetezedwa m'mabuku awiri: pamene likutanthauzira pazomwe zimatchulidwa payekha komanso pamene likutanthawuza dzina lachidziwitso. Mwachitsanzo: Iye, dokotala wa gulu lapamwamba, anakakamizika kubwerera. - Dokotala wa gulu lapamwamba, anakakamizika kubwerera. Chitsanzo china: Amayi anga, adokotala omwe anali apamwamba kwambiri, nthawi yomweyo anakhala opanda ntchito. - Dokotala wa apamwamba kwambiri, azakhali anga anangokhala opanda ntchito.

Mawu oyambirira ndi maadiresi

Zizindikirozi mu chiganizo ndi zomangamanga ndi zomangidwe ndi zophweka. Inu mumangodziwa kuti zinthu zimenezo ndi ziti.

Tikamacheza ndi munthu wina, dzina lake kapena momwe timamutchera, kukopa chidwi, tidzakhala ngati tikudandaula. Mu chiganizo, nthawi zonse amapatsidwa ndi makasitomala. Olga Petrovna, ndibweretsereni buku la zomera. "Abambo anga okondedwa, muli bwanji?" - Abale okondedwa, tiyeni titeteze amai athu mpaka mapeto!

Mukhoza kufufuza zizindikiro pazigawo zopangidwa ndi zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga pozisankha molondola kuchokera pazochitikazo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti cholinga chawo ndi kumvetsera mwatchutchutchutchutchulidwe kalikonse, kuti tisiyane ndi ena. Mvetserani, kodi n'kofunika kwambiri kubwera mawa? "Ndipita, potsirizira pake, ndikuzikonza." - Malingana ndi antchito, mkati mwa ofesiyo iyenera kusinthidwa kalekale.

Zizindikiro m'mawu ovuta

Ponena za ziganizo zovuta, mawu a comma pakati pa ziwalo zawo nthawi zonse ndi zofunika. Ndi nkhani zophweka ndi zophweka, chifukwa n'zovuta kusokoneza ndi zina. Kodi zizindikirozi ndi ziti (kalasi 5 ndi nthawi yomwe phunziro likuphunziridwa)? Tiyeni tipereke zitsanzo.

• Ndikufuna kuti mupite mwamsanga ku nyumba yatsopano.
• Amadziwa kumene bowa onse amabisala m'nkhalango.
• Katerina, mbalame zoyamba zitangoyimba, zinanyamuka kuchoka pa bedi ndikuyamba kulima.

Zizindikiro m'ziganizo zambiri

N'zovuta kufotokoza chiganizo chophatikiza. Kawirikawiri zimasokonezeka ndi zosavuta, zomwe zili ndi ziganizidwe zofanana pakati pa zolembazo. Ndikofunikira kuti tidziwe molondola chilankhulidwe chachilankhulo ndikuzindikiritsa angati a iwo.

Tiyeni tione zitsanzo ziwiri. Swallows anauluka pakhomo ndipo analemba zozizwitsa m'mlengalenga. - Swallows ankawuluka pakhomo, ndipo omwe analipo amayang'ana ndi chidwi ndi zizindikiro zawo zodabwitsa za mpweya. Chiganizo choyamba ndi chophweka, zizindikiro zofanana zomwe zikuwuluka mmenemo, zinalembedwa palimodzi ndi mgwirizano ndipo, chifukwa chake, palibe chofunika. Chitsanzo chachiwiri ndi chiganizo chogwirizanitsa, pali zigawo ziwiri zagalama: mafunde akuuluka, omwe akuwonekera lero. Choyambirira pamaso ndi chofunikira.

Zizindikiro m'mawu ovuta

M'kati mwa chiganizo chovuta pangakhale ubale wosagwirizana. Pankhaniyi, nthawi zambiri amaika comma, dash kapena colon, nthawi zambiri - semicolon. Tidzayesa milandu yotereyi. Timazindikira kamodzi, zimadalira chidziwitso ndi tanthauzo lonse la chiganizocho.

Laibulale inatseka, antchito onse apita kale kunyumba. - Laibulale inatseka - antchito onse anapita kunyumba. - Antchito onse anapita kunyumba: laibulale inatsekedwa.

• Ngati pali chizoloŵezi chachizolowezi cha zochita zina, ndiye kuti chiwerengero (chitsanzo choyamba) chidzaikidwa.
• Pamene gawo lachiwiri likuwonetsa zotsatira kuchokera koyambirira - ndikofunikira kuyika dash (chiganizo chachiwiri).
• Poonjezera zomwe zili mu gawo loyamba mwatsatanetsatane, coloni imagwiritsidwa ntchito (chiganizo chotsiriza).

Semicolon imaikidwa kawirikawiri. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake n'kofunika pamene zigawo zosavuta pali zinthu zambiri zovuta (zomwe zimakhala zofala).

Laibulale, yomwe ili pakiyi, inatseka kuti ikhale ndi mbiri ya mabuku; Antchito anapitiriza kugwira ntchito yowonjezera.

Pano pachigawo choyambirira sichikuphatikizapo kugulitsa, koma chigamulochi ndi chiganizo chovuta. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito semicoloni.