Monga mtundu longoganizira Dziko Lapansi ndi zomwe zasintha kuyambira pamenepo?

Kuyambira kale, kuphunzira malo ndi kukula danga amoyo, anthu kuganizira za mmene dziko ntchito, kumene akukhala. Akuyesera kuti afotokoze dongosolo la Dziko Lapansi ndi chilengedwe, amagwiritsa ntchito magawo ake apamtima ndiponso yomveka, koposa zonse, kujambula kufanana ndi chikhalidwe bwino ndi mtunda imene iye ankakhala. Kodi anthu imaimira Lapansi? Kodi iwo ankaganiza wa mawonekedwe ake ndi malo m'chilengedwe chonse? Kodi papita nthawi ntchito yawo? Zonsezi zimathandiza kudziwa magwero mbiriyakale kuti anapulumuka masiku ano.

Monga mtundu ndingadzakhale ndi Earth

The prototypes loyamba la mapu amadziwika kwa ife mwa maonekedwe a images, anatsala makolo athu pa makoma phanga, notches pa miyala ndi mafupa a nyama. Ofufuzawa anapeza zina zachidule izi mu madera osiyana a dziko. Zojambula izi zikuwonetsera kusaka, malo Anthuwa masewera akonzedwa misampha, komanso mtengo.

Schematically chosonyeza mitsinje, mapanga, mapiri, nkhalango zinthu zosiyanasiyana, munthu wafuna kusamutsa zokhudza mibadwo yawo ya m'tsogolo. Kusiyanitsa iwo katundu bwino kwa watsopano, monga lotseguka, anthu anawapatsa maina. Choncho, anthu pang'onopang'ono wambirimbiri zinachitikira linalake. Ndipo ngakhale ndiye, makolo athu anayamba kudabwa zimene Earth.

Kodi anthu akale ndingadzakhale ndi dziko lapansi, zimadalira yozungulira chikhalidwe cha mpumulo ndi nyengo ya malo komwe ankakhala. Chifukwa mitundu yonse ya pa dziko njira zawo aona dziko, ndi maganizo awa zosiyanasiyana kwambiri.

Babulo

Wapatali mudziwe mbiri mmene anthu akale ndingadzakhale ndi Earth tinachoka chitukuko, amene ankakhala mu maiko pakati pa mtsinje wa Tigirisi ndi Firate, okhala Nile Delta ndi kugombe la Mediterranean (gawo yamakono ya Asia Minor ndi kum'mwera kwa Ulaya). Mfundozi ndi zaka zoposa zikwi zisanu ndi cimodzi.

Choncho Ababulo ankakhulupirira Dziko Lapansi "dziko phiri", pa otsetsereka kumadzulo amene anali Babulo - m'dziko lawo. Zimenezi ankalimbikitsa chifukwa chakuti la kum'mawa kwa dziko silinamzindikira anapuma ndi mapiri atali, palibe aliyense amene ankalimba mtima kupita.

Kum'mwera kwa Babulo ndi nyanja. Izi zinathandiza kuti anthu kukhulupirira kuti "dziko phiri" kwenikweni kuzungulira, nasamba mwa nyanja kumbali zonse. The nyanja ngati mbale kukalowa, ndi kutiphunzitsa mfundo dziko wakumwamba, amene mofanana Earth. Apanso, zinali "dziko" lake, "mpweya" ndi "madzi." Sushi ankaimba lamba m'nyenyezi magulu a nyenyezi, lakumwamba oletsedwa ndi "nyanja" ngati damu a. Iye akhapidziwa kuti wolingalira mwezi, dzuwa ndi maiko angapo. Sky Ababulo ndingadzakhale ndi okhala milungu.

Mizimu ya anthu akufa, Komano, ankakhala mobisa "phompho". Usiku, dzuwa, zimalowera nyanja, ankayenera kudutsamo phanga ili m'mphepete kumadzulo kwa dziko lapansi kum'mawa, ndi m'mawa, kudzuka ku nyanja kuti thambo, kuyamba kachiwiri pa ulendo tsiku ake.

Maziko a momwe Lapansi anayimiridwa mwa anthu ku Babulo, anali ananena zochitika zachilengedwe. Komabe, kumasulira iwo Ababulo sakanakhoza.

Palestine

Koma anthu a dziko lino, pa dziko lino chogwidwa ndi maganizo ena kuti ndi osiyana ndi Babulo. Ahebri akale ankakhala mtunda mosabisa. Choncho dziko lapansi mu masomphenya awo nayenso mbalambanda, nthawi zina anawoloka mapiri.

Mphepo, kubweretsa nawo chilala, mvula zikhulupiriro azikhala Palestina malo apadera. Kukhala "lamba m'munsi" kumwamba, iwo ankasiyana "madzi akumwamba" ku dziko lapansili. Madzi, kuwonjezera, panali, ndi pansi padziko, kudyetsa kunja nyanja ndi mitsinje pamwamba pake.

India, Japan, China

Mwina nthano otchuka lero, kuwauza za mmene anthu akale ndingadzakhale ndi Earth unalembedwa amwenye wakale. Anthu amenewa ankakhulupirira kuti dziko kwenikweni ali mawonekedwe a Chigawo, umene uli m'manja pamsana pa njovu anayi. njovu awa aima kumbuyo kwa kamba chimphona akuyandama mu nyanja wosatha wa mkaka. zolengedwa zonse izi twayini mphete angapo wakuda mamba Sesa, adali zikwi zingapo. mitu imeneyi, malinga ndi zikhulupiriro za Amwenye, propped mmwamba chilengedwe.

Land mu chifaniziro cha Japanese akale sachoka gawo Adawadziwitsa zilumba. Iwo amaganiza kuti mtundu kiyubiki, ndi zivomezi kawirikawiri zikuchitika mu dziko lakwawo, anafotokoza chipolowe moto amapuma chinjoka, tikukhala m'katikati ake.

Anthu a wakale China Dziwani kuti dziko lapansi - ndi lathyathyathya rectangle, ngodya zomwe mizati anayi padera, titatenga m'tchalitchi otukukira kunja wakumwamba. Kamodzi mmodzi wa mizati wakhala anawerama ndi okwiya chinjoka, ndi chiyambireni apo Bank Land kum'mawa, ndi thambo - kumadzulo. Choncho Chinese kufotokoza chifukwa matupi onse kumwamba anasamuka ku kummawa mpaka kumadzulo, ndi mitsinje yonse m'dziko lawo akuyenda kum'mawa.

Aaziteki ndi Mayans

N'zochititsa chidwi kudziwa mmene Earth anayimiridwa mwa anthu akale okhala Africa American. Mwachitsanzo, anthu Mayan otsimikiza kuti Earth kwenikweni ndi lalikulu. Ku likulu lake Chimakula Tree Koyamba. Mu ngodya, mogwirizana kwambiri ndi dziko amadziwika ndi maphwando, anakula anayi ngati Tree - World. Kum'mawa Tree anali wofiira, mtundu wa m'bandakucha, kumpoto - woyera, kumadzulo - wakuda monga usiku, ndi kumwera - chikasu ngati dzuwa.

Muonetsetse kayendedwe ka matupi akumwamba, zakuthambo Mayan anaona kuti aliyense wa iwo amakhala ndi njira zake. Kuchokera pamenepa, adamtsata mapeto kuti nyenyezi iliyonse amasuntha chake "wosanjikiza" kumwamba. Cacikulu, "kumwamba" chinali khumi ndi zitatu mu zikhulupiliro za Maya.

Koma anthu wina wakale wa America, Aaziteki, Dziko Lapansi anamuona mabwalo asanu anakonza mu chitsanzo checkerboard. Pakati anali yadothi mtunda ndi milungu, iye ankakhala ndi madzi. Otsala zigawo zinayi zimene zimapanga dziko, ndi mbali zawo khalidwe, mtundu, anali anthu nyama ndi zomera wapadera.

Agiriki akale

Mu zithunzi amakezana a anthu Greek a Dziko Lapansi akutchulidwa monga oumbidwa chimbale, ofanana ndi chishango cha wankhondo. Pamwamba ndi thambo zamkuwa, limene dzuwa chimachititsanso. Iye akhapidziwa kuti dziko mbali atazunguliridwa ndi mtsinje - nyanja.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, masomphenya a Earth Ahelene kusintha. Scientist Anaximander, amene anakhalako m'zaka za zana lachinayi BC, ankaona ake "mzinda wa chilengedwe chonse" ndipo anazindikira kuti magulu mu mlengalenga ikuyenda bwalo.

The Pythagoras wotchuka koyamba lingaliro kuti dziko lapansi ndi lozungulira. Koma Aristarh Samossky, amene ankakhala Greece zaka zoposa 2,300 zapitazo, anazindikira kuti dziko lathuli chimazungulira dzuwa osati mosemphanitsa. Komabe, m'nthawi yake sanali kukhulupirira iye, ndipo atafa anapeza wake wa Aristarko msanga.

Kodi anthu dziko lapansi mu Zapakati

Ndi chitukuko cha luso ndi malonda sitimayo anthu anayamba ndi akutali kuyenda, kuwonjezera chidziwitso enieni kupanga mapu ndi mwatsatanetsatane. Pang'onopang'ono anayamba kusonkhanitsa umboni kuti ajambule mapeto za mawonekedwe ozungulira a Dziko Lapansi. Azungu bwino makamaka izi mu nthawi ya Great akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale Geographical.

Pafupifupi zaka mazana asanu zapitazo, Polish wasayansi zakuthambo Nikolay Kopernik, kuonera nyenyezi, anapeza kuti pakati pa chilengedwe chonse ndi ndendende Sun, osati dziko lapansi. Pafupifupi zaka 40 pambuyo pa imfa ya Copernicus, malingaliro ake anayamba ndi Chitaliyana Galileo Galilei. wasayansi ameneyu anali wokhoza kutsimikizira kuti mapulaneti onse a dongosolo dzuwa, kuphatikizapo Earth zoona, zokhudza dzuwa. Galileo mlandu chisokonezo kukhonda kulapa ziphunzitso zake.

Komabe, England Isaac Newton, yemwe anabadwa chaka atamwalira Galileo, kenako anatha kupeza malamulo a mphamvu yokokera konsekonse. Pa mfundo imeneyi, iye anafotokoza chifukwa chake Moon ukuzungulira dziko lapansi, ndipo dziko ndi makina ndipo ambiri lakumwamba thupi chimazungulira dzuwa.