Ndi gamete ndi zygote zimene: structural mbali

Kuyambira Nkhani limeneli muphunzira zimene gamete. Izi ndi khungu wapadera, zomwe zimagwira ntchito mosamalitsa apadera. Kodi n'chiyani? Tiyeni kuthana pamodzi.

ndi gamete zimene: Tanthauzo

Mu chigriki ndi mawu otanthauza "mkazi" kapena "mwamuna". Iwo sakanakhoza kukhala molondola kwambiri amasankha mtengo wake. Gamete - khungu kugonana. Mu chikhalidwe, pali mitundu iwiri ya izo - amuna ndi akazi.

Mulimonsemo gametes anapanga ndi kugawa primordial maselo nyongolosi. Komabe, khromozomu awo diploid akonzedwa awasungira. Izi zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwawo. The ndondomeko ya mapangidwe gametes mwamuna ndi mkazi ali kusiyana kwambiri. Choncho, umuna choyamba anapanga anayi maselo zonse amatha umuna. Mu wamkazi gametes kuti mphamvu afika dzira limodzi lokha.

Kapangidwe ka dzira

ndi gamete wa thupi wamkazi chiyani? Ndi nthawi zonse khungu atathana munali ndi kotunga zokwanira zakudya zofunikira pa chitukuko tsogolo la chamoyo. Iwo ali anamaliza kapena ozungulira mawonekedwe. dzira kutetezedwa zipolopolo zingapo: ndi yolk, ndi akunja mandala. cytoplasm ake - lino pantry yolk inclusions.

Features ya maselo wamwamuna nyongolosi

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone chimene ndi mwamuna gamete mtundu. maselo umuna nthawi zonse laling'ono kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mazira. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti gametes wamwamuna ali yekha mfundo chibadwa. Chifukwa chiyani mosatsata zakudya? Popeza kuti maziko a tsogolo la thupi basi dzira, amene ali okwanira iwo.

Gametes wa nyama ndi zomera: kufanana ndi kusiyana

Male gametes nyama ndi mafoni. maselo umuna amapangidwa ndi zigawo zitatu: mutu, pakhosi ndi mchira. Woyamba muli phata. Ndi haploid khromozomu akonzedwa, kapena osakwatiwa. Izi Mbali structural ndi mmene maselo nyongolosi. Mutu wa acrosome umuna komanso limapangidwa, kapena thupi apical. organelle kumabweretsa enzyme wapadera, chimene chingathe Kutha chipolopolo zoteteza dzira. The khomo pachibelekeropo ndi centrioles ndi mitochondria. Iwo kutulutsa mphamvu kuyendetsa mchira.

gametes mbewu wamwamuna amatchedwa umuna. Mu oimira apamwamba mbewu ya m'dzikolo ali mu Maluwa a stamens lapansi. Amasuntha ndi mphepo, tizilombo kapena anthu. The ndondomeko ya posamutsa kuti manyazi a pistil lotchedwa kubereketsa zomera.

Kodi gamete zomera ndi kumene ili? Ngati tikulankhula dzira, ndi, komanso zomera, n'kupuma khola chowulungika. Malowa ali pamtunda pansi pa gawo wakulitsidwa wa maluwa pistil. Kuti gametes ophatikizidwa, umuna amalimbikitsidwa awiri gamete wamkazi monga kukula nyongolosi chubu. Chifukwa cha umuna anapanga mbewu.

Zomera apamwamba spore maselo nyongolosi okhwima mu ziwalo apadera - gametangia. Mu zamoyo izi, ndi kusinthana bwino mibadwo akupezeka mkombero moyo.

Tiyeni tikambirane njira imeneyi ndi chitsanzo cha ndere. m'badwo zachiwerewere ukufanizidwa ndi wobiriwira "pamphasa". Amakhala ndi zomera leafy umodzi. Iwo anapanga ndi gametophytes imene okhwima maselo nyongolosi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, njira ya umuna, kukhazikitsa amene amafuna madzi, amakula m'badwo asexual - sporophyte. Iwo ali mawonekedwe a mabokosi pa phesi youma. Iwo okhwima maselo a asexual kubereka, amene ayitanidwa spores. Iwo analowa mu nthaka ndipo kenako kungadzutse gametophyte lapansi. Choncho magawo moyo mkombero kutsatira mzake.

The chifukwa cha umuna

The dzira amatchedwa zygote. khromozomu ake akonzedwa kale diploid, kapena iwiri. Nyama, umuna ndi kunja ndi mkati. Mbali yoyamba, izo zikuchitika kunja kwa thupi wamkazi. Njira imeneyi imagwira lililonse nsomba ndi achule. Pamene chonde mkati mwa wamwamuna ntchito ziwalo copulative anayambitsanso umuna mu thupi la mkazi. Pali amapezeka ndi chitukuko yoopsa, kotero njira zambiri pang'onopang'ono.

Zomera, ndi zinthu zovuta kwambiri gametes kuphatikiza ndondomeko zimawonedwa mu maluwa. Njirayi imatchedwa awiri, chifukwa umuna akulowa gamete wamkazi ndi pakati nyongolosi selo. Chifukwa ndi mwana wosabadwayo, michere yopuma otchedwa endosperm, ndi peel. Ndipo onse pamodzi - mbewu.

The zygote ayamba kugawa. Izi ndipamene umawonongeka. Choyamba, tichipeza mzere umodzi. Njirayi imatchedwa blastula. Izo ndiye amayamba kuika zimakhala ndi ziwalo za m'tsogolo. Pa nthawi imeneyi, iye gastrula. Mapangidwe Ndisanaumbidwe kuika zigawo nyongolosi atatu, amene amayamba pa ziwalo zathu zenizeni ndi kachitidwe.

Choncho, m'nkhani ino ife anayang'ana pa zimene gametes ndi zygote. nyumba Awa onyamula mudziwe cholowa ndiponso kungadzutse latsopano chamoyo.