Ndi ndalama dziko chiyani?

ndalama National - ndi phindu latsopano aakulu dziko mankhwala olengedwa mwa mawu enieni mu munda wa kupanga zinthu kwa chaka. Mu nkhani iyi, zimawerengeredwa chiwerengero cha katundu opangidwa pa malire a dziko, ndipo pambuyo ziyenera a kuchuluka ndi deducted ndalama kuti mabizinezi zoweta akhala akuchita mu nthawi ya malipoti. Mu mawonekedwe a chirengedwe cha ndalama national zikuphatikizapo misa lonse amapangidwa kuti chaka cha katundu likulu ndi katundu ogula. chizindikiro ichi ndi mtundu wa muyeso wa chitukuko m'mbuyo dziko, ndipo ntchito mu mawerengedwe a bajeti boma chaka chamawa, komanso kwa kusanthula ndi elaboration njira yatsopano chitukuko.

nkhani

ndalama National monga akuti wapadera anapanga Karlom Marksom, chifukwa iye azungu zachuma sankaona i la kubalana chikhalidwe. Poyambirira, nayenso kutengela Physiocrats, monga Mnazareti, koma pomanga "tebulo zachuma", iwo ankaona ulimi okha, choncho kusanthula chiwerengero cha mankhwala anakhalabe imprecise.

David Ricardo ndi Adam Smith sankaona mtengo wa njira yopanga, kotero ntchito yawo imawunikidwa yekha kuchuluka kwa ndalama analandira mwa eni mabizinesi, ukonde wa ndalama anapalamula iwo. Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri, ndi bourgeois chuma mu zikuchokera index zimenezi zimaphatikizapo osati phindu anachokera ku gawo ulimi, komanso ntchito zamanja ena - sukulu, BOMA ndi chitetezo, zaumoyo, kotero kuti mlingo wa chitukuko cha ndalama chongopeka chinawonjezeka ndi 20-30%.

Mu mayiko zokomera, lingaliro la "chuma dziko" anali koyamba, kuphatikizapo osati kukula kwa mphamvu lapansi, komanso zachilengedwe, komanso zinthu zina ndi zinthu zauzimu. Izi chizindikiro zazikulu za citukuko mu mawu ndalama ndi mtengo wa katundu onse pa mtengo msika, amene m'manja mwa boma ndi anthu ake.

mu Russia

Mu Russia, mosiyana ndi m'mayiko a Azungu, ndalama national akadali yekha chimakwirira mitengo ya zinthu zakuthupi, kotero chizindikiro ichi zazikulu za citukuko sakhala ndi ndalama analandira chifukwa mafakitale ena. Choncho, kapangidwe kake sakhala ndi kafukufuku, ndalama anachokera ku zoletsedwa katundu wamalonda ndi phindu la mabungwe payekha zachipatala.

likuyandikira

chuma zamakono kuwerengetsa chizindikiro ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. The woyamba zachokera ndalama zonse zichokera kwa ntchito zachuma, ndipo amaganizira malipiro a anthu ndi anthu alandire lendi ndipo benefiti. Komabe, kuchuluka izi ndiye allocated kuti kukhazikitsa malipiro banja, eni ntchito ndi akuluakulu zachuma. Njira yachiwiri zachokera tsiku ndi kupanga kuganizira kupatsidwa kwa anawonjezera phindu okwana katundu onse opangidwa ndi Boma la chuma.

kapangidwe

Net ndalama dziko tsopano masamu malinga ndi chilinganizo wapadera. Choyamba, ganizirani limanena chachikulu analandira alendo boma kwa nyengo malipoti, kenako udzachotsedwa kwa iwo mtengo wa katundu anasamutsa kunja ndalama kapena mtundu. Kuchokera chifukwa chuma chithunzi zitha deduct ndalama za opanga pa zida depreciation. Angamulambirire ali nawo, lalikulu ndi kupanga ukonde, komanso malipilo nzika, monga mbali yofunika kwambiri ndalama anthu.