Ngongole Public a m'mayiko dziko. Lolemekezeka la maiko ndi mlingo wa ngongole pagulu

ngongole Public cha mayiko mu dziko umene wafala mu destabilization osati zinthu ndalama dziko, komanso chuma. Ndi njira yokhayo yotulukira imeneyi - ndi kupeza njira zothetsera ngongole dziko, ndi kuchepetsa mlingo ake kukula, kuphatikiza. Malinga ndi akatswiri a dziko, pamene woyamba mavuto lonse adanyamuka chifukwa cha kukula kwambiri ndi ngongole gawo azachuma, gawo makampani ndi mabanja, vuto la m'ma 21, adzatchedwa kukula kwa ngongole anthu m'mayiko ambiri a dziko. kumsika Akatswiri a zachuma kunena ndi mantha ngongole udindo dziko ndi 2015 ndi mwayi wokhala ndi pepala kumveka.

Kodi ziwerengero 2014 pa chaka?

M'mayiko ngongole dziko kumapeto kwa 2014 ndi mantha ndalama.

• Japan - ngongole boma limafanana 234% ya GDP.
• Greece - 183%.
• Portugal - 148%.
• Italy - 139%.
• Belgium - 135%.

Analytical lonse kampani McKinsey anapanga pamwamba maiko khumi ndi kukula kwa ngongole anthu akadali Spain (132%) ndi Ireland (115%), Singapore (105%), France (104%) ndi UK (92%). Choona chidwi ndi America mu kusanja anapita kumalo 11 ndi 89% ya GDP. Apa ndi Dziwani kuti, malingana ndi kuwerengera boma, koma mu 2011 anthu ngongole ya USA wagonjetsedwa chizindikiro cha 100% ya GDP. Pankhani ya ziwerengero 2013, buku la ngongole kuchuluka kwa 106,6%. Malinga kuwerengetsera kuyambirira, 2014 ku America ngongole ayenera kukhala pa mlingo wa 109,9%. Pa nthawi, mayiko ndi mfundo yogwira ntchito kuchepetsa ngongole anthu. Mphamvu ya zikunena ndi zizindikiro zotsatira mu 2015 akhoza imawunikidwa okha December.

Zizindikiro wotsikitsitsa ngongole pagulu

Pali mayiko mu mlingo wa si kwambiri mipukutu komanso kochepa. Mwachitsanzo maiko ngongole kutsika pa dziko:

• Norway - ngongole fuko ndi 34% ya GDP.
• Columbia - 32%.
• China - 31%.
• Australia - 31%.
• Indonesia - 22%.

States kuti ndi ngongole pang'ono kapena ayi, amene ngongole ndi zosakwana 20% ya GDP - ndi Peru (19%) ndi Argentina (19%), Chile (15%), Russia (9%) ndi Saudi Arabia (3%) .

Interconnection ngongole mitundu ndi msinkhu wa chitukuko cha dziko

Mlingo wa ngongole anthu amalola maiko kukhazikitsa ena kugwirizana pakati pa chiwerengero cha ngongole ndi mlingo wa chitukuko cha dziko. Akuti osachepera kukopa ndalama kuphimba kuchepekedwa a boma, amene ali pa siteji ya chitukuko yogwira. The mayiko amene amaonedwa vuto la zachuma, bajeti zotsala amapezeka pafupipafupi, ndipo kukwera ngongole mwadongosolo. Ngati ngongole si monga kuchuluka GDP, ndi mawu ndalama, mu malo Gulu Utsogoleri anapita ku America. ngongole zake dziko akhala aphwanya malire a $ 18 thililiyoni. World ofufuza chuma kunena kuwonjezeka mu ngongole ndi mapeto a 2015 kuti zankhaninkhani, 19 dollars. malo yachiwiri Japan, ndi mangawa awo kuchuluka kwa zankhaninkhani, 10,5 dollars. Pamakhala China - 5.5 thililiyoni. mayiko atatu mlandu za 58-60% ya okwana ngongole dziko. Nthawiyi, Russia, amene akali m'ma 2014 anali ndi ngongole lolingana 0.1% ya dziko, lero adalowa "zinyalala kusanja" mayiko, zomwe kutenga ngongole pa msika lonse kuli kovuta.

Mphamvu ya zinthu

ngongole Public a m'mayiko dziko ali azimuth zabwino, ndi mwadongosolo kuwonjezeka. Mu nthawi kuchokera 2007 mpaka 2014 kuonjezera ngongole yawo kangapo anakwanitsa osati kwa dziko nkhumba, onyamula chiopsezo cha EU (Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece ndi Spain), komanso atsogoleri a msika lonse, kuphatikizapo Japan, Italy ndi France. America kuposa nkhumba boma pa gulu. Malinga ndi ziwerengero kuyambirira, vuto dziko kokha escalate. Mtheradi ndi wachibale ngongole kumanga mmwamba, angakhale lililonse mwa mayiko ndi mkulu mlingo wa chitukuko zachuma.

Chifukwa chuma zapamwamba ndi yauma mkulu boma ngongole?

Chifukwa chodabwitsa ndichoti mlingo wa kuwonjezeka kwa chuma salola osati kulipira, komanso kutumikira ngongole zawo. Pakuti ambiri a zachuma a m'mayiko olemera Sichikupezeka ziro, koma opanda mlingo wa chitukuko zachuma. McKinsey Akatswiri a bungwe pambuyo kusanthula mozama zinthu anazindikira kuti chinthu chovuta kwambiri kuti ndisiye kumamkongoza refinance ngongole yake idzakhala m'mayiko monga Japan ndi Spain, Italy, Portugal, Great Britain ndipo France. Akatswiri kuona vutolo mu kukonzanso mwatsatanetsatane za chuma, ndi otvyazki kwathunthu ngongole anthu.

Trends, ndi kuyang'anila

Ngongole mlingo wa dziko, malinga ndi zimene akatswiri a "Der Spiegel" wa sikelo ya yofalitsa German, ali kugwirizana ndi peculiarities wa chitukuko cha amitundu.

• The ngongole boma zambiri mu dziko, wamkulu ake note translation error ndale mfundo monga demokalase ndi liberalism.
• m'mayiko olemera ndalama ku bajeti, osati moganizira boma lenileni la chuma. Nena mu chilankhulo chomveka "si moyo wosalira zambiri awo." Kwambiri anayamba dziko imatengedwa kuti, wamkulu ngongole ake akunja.
• chitukuko Economic amadziwa wogwirizana ndi kukula kwa ngongoleyo. Ndondomeko ndi kufanana ndi zayamba zofanana.

Zachilendo ziwerengero kapena izo zikusonyeza ngongole kunja kwa dziko

Anaona pamwamba pa akatswiri buku "Der Spiegel" zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zenizeni mu dziko. Taganizirani mapangano yaikulu padziko lonse. Choncho, "Big Zisanu ndi ziwiri" chiphunzitso, Chili chuma wamphamvu kwambiri dziko. Ngati Tikayerekeza GDP ndi ngongole anthu a maiko mgwirizano, ife tikhoza kuwona zizindikiro izi:

• United Kingdom - kuchuluka kwa ngongole limafanana 92% ya GDP.
• Germany - 72%.
• Canada - 86%.
• Italy - 139%.
• USA - 109,9%
• France - 98%.
• Japan - 234%.

Poyerekeza Chiwerengerochi ndi mafanizo limati a "BRICS", akatswiri kupanga mfundo zina. Choncho, Russia (9% ya GDP), Brazil (65% ya GDP), China (31% ya GDP) ndi South Africa (50% ya GDP) tione moyo wa atsogoleri a mayiko ambiri "thanzi chuma". Apa m'pofunika kuti mu "Big Zisanu ndi ziwiri" ikutero miyoyo ya anthu osachepera 0.5 biliyoni amene zimawononga nthawi zambiri katundu ndi ntchito kuposa dongosolo la anthu 3 biliyoni pa dera la "BRICS".

Kodi Kupenda zinthu mu 2015?

ngongole Public wa mayiko mu dziko mu nthawi yeniyeni kuwunika mabvuto, monga deta boma limene Adzaperekedwa kutha kwa 2015. Malinga ndi ziwerengero kuyambirira, mu Popeza kuti kukula kwa ngongole mogwirizana ndi mmene chuma chikuyendera mu dziko akupitiriza mosathamanga kudya, pa utumiki wawo chaka ichi udzakhala pa dongosolo la 6.3% kwambiri. Oimira bungwe Bloomberg inanena kuti mayiko amphamvu a dziko mwachangu refinancing mangawa awo likuvutika processing ngongole watsopano kuchokera IMF. Ku magwero boma inali kudziŵika kuti mapeto a 2015 dziko "BRICS" ndi boma "Big Zisanu ndi ziwiri" ndi kubweza ngongoleyo kuchuluka kwa thililiyoni 6,96 dollars. Wa dziko maganizo chuma Akatswiri 'angamvele zimene 2015 adzakhala yabwino, ndi kukula kwa ngongole adzakhala poyerekeza panthawi imeneyi zikuoneka kaonedwe zenizeni.