Nkhondo penultimate ndi Fascism: ndi adani a Berlin ndi asilikali a Soviet

Mu April 1945 Union Army anagwira nagonjetsa, akubwera pafupi ndi likulu la ulamuliro wa Hitler - Berlin. Chapamwamba ankaona lonse. Mu mlengalenga, kutsogozedwa Krasnozvezdnaya ndege, "Luftwaffe" chilichonse kuti imafunika kuthiridwa mafuta, ndege, mizati oti muli nazo zida wodzazidwa misewu German, chowomberedwa ndi mfuti kachulukidwe samadziwika nkhani zakale, izo ziribe lero ofanana. Flywheel makampani chitetezo anafika Titanic kusintha, kusowa luso thandizo M'gulu mwaonapo. The adani a Berlin ndi asilikali a Soviet anali zosachita Pomaliza, funso ankangofuna popindula mtengo, m'kukoma anthu.

mdani

Pafupifupi onse yotsala ya Wehrmacht ndi Waffen-SS (pa chiyambi cha April, pafupifupi hafu miliyoni asilikali, kuphatikizapo 200 zikwi - mumzinda), anali anaikira mu likulu la Ulamuliro wa Nazi ndi midzi yake. Kulephera kusunga malire ndi kupanda chiyembekezo cha kupambana sanaletse Adolf Hitler amakana nkhani malamulo zili mantha, kupereka chilango cha imfa aliyense amene sakufuna kuti apitirize nkhondo mpaka chipolopolo lomaliza. Chilengedwe ntchito pakadali pano kusanduka zambiri zoopsa. 3 Panzer Army, amene anayesedwa pa German High Lamulo anali wolimba itatsekedwa ndi asilikali a 2 Chibelarusi Front, kuwoloka pa Oder Mtsinje kuti nkhondoyo.

mizere zozungulira yodzitetezera anali atatu, akutali kwambiri amene anali mu gulu la makilomita 30-40 mumzindawu. Pa gulu ake n'komwe chikhalidwe cha zopinga zachilengedwe madzi ndi mtunda. Avereji chizindikiro kubwereza mfundo zazikulu kuzilambalala mayendedwe, kusewera udindo wa msewu lamba amene akhoza theoretically zimaphatikizapo mphatso kuchita ndi mabvuto chifukwa cha kusowa ndalama chitetezo. Kutambasuka wakhala unachitikira pa masamba ndi imatengedwa amene chachikulu. Mkati mumzinda lidagawikana m'madera naini chitetezo. Ambiri, atsogoleri Wehrmacht anachita zonse zotheka obstruct ndi adani a Berlin ndi asilikali a Soviet. Mwachidule, zonsezi zikhoza chopanda pake anafotokoza. Ziyembekezo kwa kuukira kukambirana ndi kusintha kwa tingalimbanirane kunalibe.

Wonse njira dongosolo ndi chilengedwe

April 2 mlingo anatsimikiza ndi funso la amene adzapereka kasamalidwe mwachindunji ntchito. Stalin anaganiza kuti adani a Berlin ndi asilikali a Soviet adzakhala ntchito kulikulu ambiri, ndipo cinam'mwanikira yoikidwiratu polimbana Zhukov, amene mwamsanga chinauluka ndege dera ntchito ya Moscow. Wa awiri mitundu zotheka kwa katswiri likulu German (kuzinga ndiponso kugwirira) anasankhidwa kukhala mmodzi yemwe bwino Iyamba kugwa kwake. April 16 anayamba amanyansidwa ambiri. City kumalire ndi mzere yodzitetezera anabwera pansi zida zankhondo moto ndi mphamvu mpweya bomba. Pa April 20, kuukira inayamba 21 Panzer kuponya ikuchitika kulanda wa mabusa kum'mwera. Kulimbikira kwambiri wamakani kuyembekezera pafupi pamwamba Seelow pamene mdani m'mbuyo mphamvu Soviet ntchito siren phokoso ndi spotlights (ndalama zoposa 140) pamodzi ndi awiri makamu thanki mantha. April 25 ambiri chilengedwe mzinda wakhala Ndipotu Germany kwawo panalibe kopita.

Nkhondo mzinda

Yolimbikitsa chuma zonse zotheka kuchuluka kokha chiwerengero cha anthu ophedwa pa mbali zonse. Extemporaneous militias Volkssturm ndi Hitlerjugend anafa mu nkhondo yoyamba ndi asilikali odziwa Soviet; kunyumba kusanduka mfundo thandizo yowotcha, anagwetsa pansi maziko a zida zankhondo ndi kuukira ndege. Converging wedges kutauni anapita mbali 2 a Belarus, woyamba ndi m'mbali yachiwiri Chiyukireniya. Fundo Komabe, kulimbikira. Mu nyengo kuchokera 26 mpaka 28 April, panali tsoka lina, pafupifupi yosalongosoka mphamvu asilikali tauni unadulidwa patatu, kukanirira kwayekha. Iwo linathyoka kugwirizana pakati pawo, ikuchitika kale pa mizere telefoni anaika mu ngalande. Mgwirizanowu zinali zotheka mpaka kulankhulana zitsime hatches Red Army sanali kutaya gulu la mabomba.

The adani a Berlin ndi asilikali a Soviet zinachitika mu masiteji, anasamukira ku pakati zowawa zomvetsa yaikulu, koma kuti asiye iwo kunali kosatheka. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mchitidwe magulu kumenya munthu, kukonza kotala pambuyo kotala. April 28 3 Shock Army la 1 Byelorussian Front anafika Reichstag.

Reichstag

German yamalamulo kumbuyo okwana anthu zikwi zisanu, amene chikwi zinawonongeka asilikali anauzidwa uko mu April, ndipo ena anali kumeneko chifukwa cha kasinthidwe zonse ndi kuwongola. Ndi madzulo a April 30, asilikali Soviet anakwanitsa gawanikani, ndipo anayamba zipolowe chidwi kwambiri a nkhondo, amatikumbutsa kupweteka kwa n'kufa, koma zikuwavuta chilombo. Izi chinakhalapo mpaka m'mawa pa May 1 mpaka mzikiti si zareyal wofiira mbendera zikutanthauza kuti adani a Berlin ndi asilikali a Soviet kwenikweni anamaliza. Ena matumba kukaniza kuletsedwa ngakhale usiku. Pambuyo Reichstag kugwa yomweyo anagonja midzi ya asilikali ena awiri m'madera kwambiri zokhalamo - Spandau Zoobunker. Choncho, tsiku la adani a Berlin ndi asilikali a Soviet - May 2, 1945.

Zotsatira ndi nsembe

Only panthawi ina yodzitetezera anayesa wa Reichstag analikodi anapereka miyoyo yawo chifukwa zoposa zikwi ziwiri zokometsera. wamba 125 000 anakhudzidwa ndi Berlin ndewu. Pa ntchito ndi inawonongedwa makumi asanu ndi awiri oyenda ndi 23 makina magawano. Ya chiwerengero cha asilikali theka la miliyoni nawo chitetezo cha mzindawo, anali adakali moyo pang'ono kuposa 134 zikwi anagwidwa.

Berlin anali pafupifupi inawonongedwa. Makamaka:

• anawonongedweratu - nyumba 30,000;
• theka-imawonongeka - nyumba 150 zikwi;
• Timalandira avareji kuwonongeka - nyumba 150 zikwi;
• Chakumene-chitetezo pamene kuyesera Union amanyansidwa 225 milatho;
• gawo limodzi la okwerera okwerera sitima pa malamulo Hitler anali anasefukira ndi chobisika pali anthu kuwombera.

Pa kumenyana Berlin wapha asilikali oposa 78 zikwi Soviet.

Iwo kuchita chintchito woyenera mutu wa Hero, asilikali oposa mazana asanu ya Red Army, amene 13 - kachiwiri.

Nkhondo pambuyo Berlin

Pambuyo pa adani a Berlin, asilikali a Soviet anamasula Prague, imene Mavesi a SS Anayesa kukonza otsiriza "bloodbath" nzika opanduka. Fulminant thanki kuponya anasiya otsiriza European moto moto wa nkhondo. Ndi manyazi, mwina, anaphedwa ndi ziwalo mu masiku ake otsiriza ndipo maola, koma ndi tsoka la msilikali.

Czechoslovakia - dziko otsiriza, anamasulidwa ndi asilikali a Soviet pambuyo adani a Berlin, koma nkhondoyo inali kupitirirabe, ndipo asilikali, nthawi zina galimoto zakale nyumba zawo, anapita ku Far East. Kumeneko anali kuyembekezera ndewu ndi Japanese. Koma kuti ndi nkhani ina ...