Nkhondowo ndege Mi-35M: history, kufotokoza ndi makhalidwe

Mi-35M - izo ndi katundu Baibulo la Russia omenyana ndege Mi-24, BM, umene ndi kusinthidwa wa rotorcraft wotchuka Soviet. oyendetsa Soviet kuti "zouluka thanki" ndi kufanizira ndi imene m'nthawi World nkhondo II womenya ndege IL-2. Zosavomerezeka dzina nkhondowo wagawo anali "ng'ona" chifukwa cha Chinsinsi kwa kubisa ndege.

Pamene panali kuloŵedwa m'malo mwa Mi-35M?

Mu 1960 oyambirira, Soviet mlengi Mikhail Mil, zinadziwika kuti azimuth kwa likuwonjezekabe kuyenda pa nkhondo zidzapangitsa kuti chilengedwe ndege oyenda magalimoto kumenyana thandizo kuti akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchita onse nkhondowo ndi zoyendera mavuto. The ndege yoyamba am'nyoze 24, akufotokoza mfundo imeneyi, anayamba motsogozedwa Mile, kunayamba mu 1966 mu shopu komanso kwa Utumiki wa Aviation Makampani. Lingaliro la mankhwala inachokera pa ntchito ina - ndi onse omwe cholinga ndege V-22, amene ali wokha konse anawulukira. B-24 anali chapakati zonyamula katundu ndi chipinda, amene moti ankatha anthu eyiti wakhala kumbuyo kwa kumbuyo ndi mapiko kakang'ono ndipo amatha kunyamula ku mivi isanu ndi pa kumbuyo pamwamba pa ndege, komanso ndi mapasa-mbiya mfuti.

Kusankha kuyamba kukulitsa

Miles anapereka kapangidwe mtsogoleri wake wa Soviet asilikali. Ngakhale walandira thandizo la atsogoleri angapo a asilikali, ena a iwo ankaganiza kuti chitukuko cha zida wamba adzakhala ntchito bwino chuma. Ngakhale kuti panali chitsutso, Mil anakwanitsa kukopa woyamba Wachiwiri mtumiki wa chitetezo, polimbana Andrei Grechko, kuti lachiweruzo katswiri kuphunzira nkhani. Pomaliza, pempholo Mile anapambana, ndi pempho Kumenyana pa chitukuko cha ndege kuti zithandize oyenda unayambitsidwa. Choncho anayamba ulendo wautali wa nkhondowo ndege Mi-35M. Mbiri ya chitukuko chinachitika ndi maziko a chitukuko ndi ntchito nkhondowo ndi kuukira Helicopters ku Army US pa nkhondo ya ku Vietnam. ntchito zawo zothandiza zathandiza utsogoleri Soviet mu zida ubwino ndege ndipo anathandiza kuthandiza chitukuko cha Mi-24 ntchito, imene nthawi wathu wakhala ndege (Mil) Mi-35M.

Patsogolo chitukuko

Poyamba Mil akatswiri anakonza awiri kapangidwe options yakuti: 7-tani imodzi-injini ndi amapasa-injini 10,5 tani. May 6, 1968 linaperekedwa malangizo ndi kuyamba kukhala ndi buku lachiwiri. Ntchito unatsogolera Mil mpaka imfa yake mu 1970. Kulengedwa ntchito inayamba mu August 1968. m'ziwawa chitsanzo ndege wakhala kuwunikira ndi kuvomerezedwa mu February 1969. mayesero Flight wa zinachitika pa, kenako kusanduka mu Mi-35M ndege anayamba September 15, 1969 ndi dongosolo Buku chiongoko ndi woyamba ufulu ndege unachitikira patapita masiku anayi. Posakhalitsa anamanga ndi buku chachiwiri, kenako anamasulidwa ku mayeso mtanda wa Helicopters khumi.

Patsogolo pa kuzipenya wa asilikali

Kuvomereza mayesero prototypes panopa Mi-35M Helicopters - Mi-24 - inayamba mu June 1970, imatenga miyezi 18. Kusintha kapangidwe, anali umalimbana kuwongolera mphamvu structural, kuthetsa vuto la kutopa ndi kuchepetsedwa kugwedera. Komanso, zoipa otsetsereka 12 digiri unayamba mu mapiko a ndege pofuna kuthetsa chizolowezi yaw uku imathamanga pa 200 Km / h, ndi chida pylons zovuta "Phalanx-M" anatitumiza ku fuselage ku phiko kwenikweni. The ozungulira mchira lizikhala pa ufulu kumanzere kwa mchira, ndi malangizo a kasinthasintha ndi anyamata. chiwerengero cha kusintha zina kamangidwe chaonekera kuyamba kupanga buku loyamba la Mi-24A mu 1970. Atalandira chitsimikiziro cha ntchito yawo mu 1971, patapita chaka, iye anali mwalamulo kulandiridwa mu utumiki.

Mwachidule za dongosolo la

Kwenikweni izo anaitenga ku Mi-8 (NATO malipoti dzina "ntchafu") ndi awiri Turbo Pamwamba zisanu tsamba waukulu ozungulira ndi atatu tsamba mchira ozungulira. injini kasinthidwe anapereka Mi-35M inlets ake khalidwe mbali zonse za fuselage lapansi. Baibulo choyambirira ali tandem cockpit chiwembu: anaika pamaso mivi, ndi pamwamba pa izo, ndipo pang'ono m'mbuyo woyendetsa uja amakhala.

The fuselage wa Mi-24 anali kwambiri oti muli nazo zida ndi akhoza kulimbana kumenya kuchokera 12,7 zipolopolo mamilimita kuchokera kumbali zonse. Titaniyamu masamba komanso ndi kugonjetsedwa 12,7 mamilimita zipolopolo. kanyumba zimatetezedwa ndi windscreens zipolopolo ndi poto-analimbitsa titaniyamu. The cockpit losindikizidwa anakhalabe kuthamanga owonjezera kuteteza adalira mu zikhalidwe za kuipitsidwa nyukiliya.

ndege ntchito

zinthu zimenezi zapatsidwa kwa kupereka Mi-24, pazipita zotheka liwiro. Fuselage anapangidwa streamlined ndipo akukonzani ndi retractable ankafika zida, kuchepetsa m'mbuyo. Imathamanga mkulu mapiko kupereka ndithu Nyamulani (kwa kotala la kuchuluka kwake konse kumakhala). The wononga waukulu umafuna pa 2,5 ° kudzanja lamanja la fuselage kuti zoperewerazo chizolowezi skew m'chigawo n'kupuma. The galimotoyo amadziwikanso linapendekeka lamanzere, amene akana onse nkhondowo ndege Mi 35 mbali imodzi pamene ali pansi. Choncho wononga waukulu ili mu ndege yopingasa. Mchira ndi asymmetric, amene amalenga mphamvu lateral pa izo pa liwiro, motero yonena mchira ozungulira.

Zosintha wa chitsanzo zoyambirira

The malonda woyamba alipo kuyambira 1971, ndege anakhala Mi-24A. Iye sanagone ndi tandem cockpit, ndi mchira ozungulira ake poyamba inali kumanja. Pambuyo anasamutsa zomangira mbali yakumanzere ya patsalanso kumeneko zitsanzo zonse wotsatira.

Amene anapita mndandanda lotsatira ndi 1973 lachitsanzo ndege Mi-24D. Ndi koyamba tandem cockpit.

Kuyambira mu 1976, siriyo kupanga chitsanzo anapita Mi-24V, amene adzawonekera odana ndi chida dongosolo Sturm-V. Mpaka mu 1986, iwo anaikidwa okwana 4, kenako nambala ziwonjezeke kwa 16.

Pachimake pa siteji Soviet a mtundu Kukula kwa Mi-24 anali chitsanzo cha Mi-24 EP, opangidwa kuchokera 1989. Komanso antitank mivi Mi-24 zida za VI "mpweya ndi mpweya" ndi SAMs "Singano-C". Motero, iye akhoza kugunda onse pansi oti muli nazo zida ndi mipherezero mpweya (Helicopters, ndege, pansi kuukira ndege. UAVs). mnzake wake American AH-64A Apache ndi kwambiri wolephera iye liwiro, maluso nkhondo. chitetezo.

Russian siteji ya wamakono wa mtundu

Ndi kugwa kwa Soviet Union linasokonekera kwa zaka zoposa 20 ndi kukula kwa banja lotchuka la "Mil" kuukira Helicopters. Model Mi-24 EP linatulutsidwa makope 30.

Pomaliza mu theka lachiwiri la 2000 panali chitsanzo mwangwiro Russian wa Mi-24VM. Iye anaziika ankafika zida, mwina kunyamula mitundu zotsatirazi nkhondo: odana ndi mtundu "mpweya mpweya" ndi odana ndi ndege mtundu "Igla-V". Atiteteze kwa MPADS dziko maganizo cheza matenthedwe olimbana ndege, ndi okonzeka ndi infuraredi chitetezo kusokonezedwa.

Pa katundu ndi Mi-24VM aperekedwa pansi lakuti Mi-35M. Kodi Akuoneka? Zithunzi magalimoto weniweni nkhondowo sangathe nthawi zonse kusamutsa mbali zonse kamangidwe. bwino kwambiri amapereka chitsanzo awo pulasitiki wa Mi-35M (1:72) "The Star," ndi ofala okonda Russian ndi yachilendo ya umisiri ndege ndi tikuonera chithunzi pansipa.

Liwiro mbiri pa Mi-24V

Iye anali chitsanzo ambiri galimoto nkhondo. Mi-24V wakhazikitsidwa angapo mbiri dziko liwiro ndi kuwuka nthawi ndi kutalika anakonzeratu. The ndege chasinthidwa kotero ngati kuli kotheka kuchepetsa kulemera - mmodzi wa patsogolo anali kuchotsa mapiko stub.

Zingapo za mbiri nduna magulu osiyanasiyana pa Mi-24V akhala anaika adalira wamkazi wa Galina Rastorgueva ndi Lyudmily Polyanskoy mu 70s Mu zaka zapitazo. Popeza July 16, 1975 anafika liwiro 341.32 Km / h pamene akuuluka mzere wolunjika pa mtunda wa makilomita 15/25, ndi July 18, 1975 kumuchotsera mbiri liwiro pa 334.46 Km / h pa chikatikati 100 Km . 1 August 1975, ndi ndege bwalo mtengo 500 Km anali 331.02 Km / h, ndi pa 13 August 1975, ndi kuyenda popanda payload pamodzi chatsekedwa njira kutalika 1000 Km ndege omwazika kuti 332.65 km / hr. Izi marekodi imapachikidwa kwa tsiku.

Kuyerekezera ndi Helicopters Western

losiyana Kodi Mi-35M? Chili makhalidwe a khalidwe la oti muli nazo zida kumenyana galimoto ndi zoyendera ndege. Iwo ulibe mnzake mwachindunji mu magulu ankhondo a mayiko NATO. Amadziwika kuti Helicopters U-1 ( "Huey") anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nkhondo ya ku Vietnam kapena kwa mayendedwe a asilikali, kapena monga makina kumenyana, koma sanathe kuchita onse a ntchito izi mu kufanana. Akatembenuka U-1 ndege gunship anatanthauza anamuvula chipinda lonse okwana pansi mafuta zina ndi zipolopolo, ndipo Motero, imfa ya mwayi ntchito monga galimoto. Mi-24 ndi zosintha ake onse wotsatira, kuphatikizapo Mi-35M lalembedwa kugwira ntchito onse, ndipo n'zotheka kuti atsimikizire pa nthawi ya nkhondo Afghanistan mu 1980-1989.

Wapafupi Western lofanana zinali Sikorsky S-67 Blackhawk, amene anali ambiri mfundo yomweyo kapangidwe ndi inamangidwa monga mkulu-liwiro, yotha kuukira ndege ndi kupereka mphamvu zochepa ndi ntchito ya mfundo ku chitsanzo kale Sikorsky S-61. S-67 Komabe, osavomerezeka chifukwa utumiki. The Mi-24 dzina lake dziko okha "kuukira ndege" kudzera osakaniza firepower ndi luso kunyamula asilikali.