"Novik" - ndi wowonongayo a zombo Russian

Chiyambi cha XX atumwi zinali zodzaza ndi chitukuko mofulumira ya Russian Ufumu wa mitundu yonse ya makampani chitetezo. Osachisunga limodzi ndi kachitidwe ambiri ndi shipbuilding.

Iye anakhala "Novik" Mmodzi wa zombo chidwi kwambiri ya Russian apanyanja. Wowonongayo anali seaworthiness kwambiri ndi maneuverability, amene amalola ntchito chotengera kuti ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

prerequisites

Nkhondo ndi Japan anawulula kufooka ndi chiopsezo cha zombo Russian. Popeza ndalama mosungiramo kuti modernize Zombo Zankhondo sanali, bulu analengeza kutolera ndalama za ntchito yomanga zopereka zaufulu zombo zatsopano. Ndalama zimenezi anaganiza zomanga zombo zingapo magulu osiyanasiyana. Pakati pawo - ofunkha, dreadnoughts ndi owononga.

ntchito

The akatswiri a mavuto atsopano luso kwa chilengedwe cha chombo amasulidwa. Owononga mtundu "Novik" anayenera kukwaniritsa zofuna za masiku ano: iwo kukhala kudya, ndi zida zamphamvu ndi chilengedwe. Luso makhalidwe a zinachitika akhale motere:

• liwiro - kufika mayunitsi 36;
• mlingo pa katundu zonse - pafupifupi 33 mfundo;
• mphamvu wagawo zomera mphamvu - Turbines Parsons.

ntchito anayamba kutsutsa kwa akatswiri a nthawi. Choncho, maphwando chidwi linalengeza mpikisano mayiko mapangidwe a mtundu ngalawa "Novik". mbadwo watsopano wa shipbuilders zoweta chidwi wowonongayo.

The Commission anali ndi zithunzi Creighton doko la zombo zapanyanja ndi Nevsky, Putilov ndi mafakitale Admiralty. Pambuyo pa msonkhano chomaliza cha polojekiti anazindikira wopambana wa mbewu Putilov, limene inamangidwa m'tsogolo, "Novik". wowonongayo anayamba kupanga ndi gulu la akatswiri kutsogoleredwa ndi DD Dubitsky, amene ankayang'anira mbali makina la chombo, ndipo Bo Vasilevsky kuyang'anira shipbuilding.

yomanga

Ndipo mu 1907, bwalo la "Novik" kale m'gulu kamangidwe. A mtundu watsopano wa wowonongayo chinaikidwa pa Putilov doko la zombo zapanyanja mu 1910. Mu ntchito mwakhama nawo German kampani "Volcano" imene wachita kupanga, kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa pa chotengeracho yaying'ono ndipo ndi amphamvu kukatentha-chopangira mphamvu unsembe pa wowonongayo "Novik".

chotengera zojambula bwino anatsekula monga kumalizidwa kwa sitimayo. M'kupita yomanga ofunkha anaonera timu ya NV Nkhalango, amene anali msilikali wamkulu mu Corps wa Naval mapulani, Captain Corps la akatswiri ndi zimango zombo Kravchenko GK Chief injiniya polojekiti anali KA Tennyson.

Maonekedwe a sitimayo

Mu October 1913, kwa nthawi yoyamba iye adasiya doko kunyada wochokera Russian Navy - wowonongayo "Novik". Photo za msonkhano wa St. Petersburg, kuyenda pa Neva embankment ndinakumana ndi chombo wokongola, mwamwayi, anapulumuka. Manyuzipepala pa nthawi ananena kuti anthu ambiri afika amasirira wowonongayo latsopano. Ndipotu, chombo ichi inamangidwa mogwirizana ndi mfundo za luso latsopano. chotengeracho okonzeka ndi ambiri machubu oponya, mofulumira 102-millimeter zida zankhondo sitimayo ndi chipangizo kwa minefields unsembe anakhala archpriest a oponya Russian ndi zida zankhondo warship cholinga. Komanso, "Novik" wowonongayo anali okonzeka ndi pa bolodi machitidwe a salvo moto - munthawi yomweyo ananyoza mfuti zisanu ndi zitatu kupanga izo galimoto yekha mu kalasi ake.

Wina khalidwe lapadera anali liwiro wake - kwa nthawi yaitali (mpaka 1917) anali chombo chokha kuti akhoza kupanga kukhala ndi liwiro la pa 37 mfundo.

The World loyamba

Pamene Russian Ufumu analowa World nkhondo II, "Novik" anali analembedwa cruisers ya Baltic zombo Detachment. Nkhondo yake yoyamba adatuluka September 1, 1914. Galimoto kumenyana kawirikawiri imachitika nkhondowo palokha, kudalira mphamvu yake ndipo mofulumira. M'chaka cha 1915 ku Gulf wa Riga linaphulika awiri ofunkha German, amene anauzidwa kupeza ndi kumira sitima Russian.

"Novik" The gulu anatha kutembenukira kuukira onse a iwo, kumukwapula kwambiri kuwonongeka artelleriyskim moto. Ndipo zimenezi zitheke zochuluka ankhondo pa yonena za m'chombo ambiri.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Pa October kuukira boma, ndi lodziwika bwino "Novik" anali mothballed. Pokhapokha Civil nkhondo, mu 1925, iye anakumana ndi kukonzanso tsankho ndiponso wamakono. chombo anadzatchedwa. Tsopano wowonongayo lodziwika bwino dzina lake mmodzi wa atsogoleri a ulimi - ". Yakov Sverdlov"

Kumapeto kwa zaka fifitini, chombo anatumizidwa ku Baltic zombo ndipo kuigwiritsa ntchito pa maphunziro. Mu June 1941, pamene Nkhondo itayamba kudutsa kutsogolo kum'mawa, anaganiza zoti asachoke zombo panyanja. kumuwombera wakhala kutsatira ndi "Novik". Wowonongayo, amene kwa nthawi yaitali kutetezedwa zombo zina za minefields, iye anagunda mgodi. Choncho inatha njira nthano.