Ophunzira absoljutizm Catherine II

The kusintha kwa njira ang'onoang'ono kuti bizinesi m'mayiko zambiri zinachitika ndi maziko a kubadwa kwa Choonadi mfundo. Mu Russia nthawi izi zinachitika mu zaka 60 za m'ma XVIII - ulamuliro wa Catherine Wamkulu.

Ŵakusanga absolutism - Mafumu zachokera mfundo za choonadi. malingaliro amafotokoza anali awa: munthu mtengo wapatali kwambiri, zokonda zake pamwamba boma; anthu ndi ofanana ufulu wawo kaya zigawo ndi; Society ayenera bwino ndipo ntchito kutsogolera ayenera kupanga sayansi ndi lamulo. Tikaganizira zonsezi wakhala sizoona wa "nzeru zapamwamba pa mpando wachifumu".

Ŵakusanga absolutism wa Catherine anali yodziwika ndi kukhazikitsa miyeso mu zofuna za boma ndi kalasi chigamulo (anthu otchuka). Iwo anathandiza kuti chitukuko cha bizinesi mumsasa, koma kuganizira ambiri zenizeni m'moyo wa chikhalidwe cha anthu pa nthawi imeneyo.

Kale mu masiku choyamba cha ulamuliro wake, Catherine anayenda maulendo angapo kuti dziko (Rostov, Yaroslavl, m'zigawo Baltic, lankhosa pa Ladoga Ngalande, ndiye ndi Volga Simbirsk). Kenako anazindikira kuti chikhalidwe cha anthu ochepa kwambiri ndipo mwamsanga "darn mipata lakuthwa kasamalidwe" (Klyuchevskii).

Ŵakusanga absolutism wa Catherine mbiri yakale wotchedwa "golide zaka." Mfumukazi anafuna kuonetsetsa chitukuko cha dziko Russian m'njira zamoyo zinachita, kuyang'aniridwa ndi "narodolyubivogo" mfumu. Komabe, iye sanafune kusintha kuti okhudzidwa: ufumu asangalala likuvutika ntchito ya serfs ndi ogwira ntchito, ndi mpando wachifumu zinali zochokera otchuka, ndi chitetezo chachikulu cha absolutism.

Lingaliro la choti chuma cha boma, Mfumukazi anayamba inachokera pa malingaliro limachokera ku ntchito ya European Choonadi.

Catherine anayesa n'chongoletsa kwambiri zosasangalatsa "zotsatira za ankhanza zapitazi" mu dziko. Iye anapezanso ndi kulimbikitsidwa mabungwe boma kuti zinalengedwa pansi Peter Woyamba. The Senate unagawidwa m'madipatimenti asanu. Chief majisitireti anabwezeretsedwa, Berg bolodi, gulu-Manufaktur. The ndondomeko ya centralization anapitiriza kulamulira bureaucracy, liquidation wa Hetman Ukraine.

Ŵakusanga absolutism wa Mfumukazi inachokera pa kumvetsetsa kwawo munthu wa nkhani zimene ziyenera kuzithetsa. Mu 1767, bungwe akambirane kukhala latsopano la malamulo. Mu 1775, kusintha kasamalidwe unayambitsidwa. Chiwerengero cha zigawo. Iwo lotsogoleredwa ndi kazembe, ndi gulu la maiko angapo - abwanamkubwa wamkulu. Makampani, ndalama ndi revenues anayamba kutenga Exchequer, zipatala ndi masukulu - Order ya chikondi pagulu. Kuyambira utsogoleli wa kukhoti tinasiyana.

Pang'onopang'ono, dongosolo lonse ulamuliro anakhala yunifolomu, abwanamkubwa Kumvetsela ndiye abwanamkubwa a m'makoleji chapakati ndi potsiriza, Mfumukazi.

Mu 1779 yosainidwa ndi lofalitsidwa lamulo pa kutsegula amakampani ufulu mafakitale. Amalonda ndi amisiri madalitso ena. Pankhaniyi, omveka mu 1785 anapatsidwa "Letters setifiketi", umene umalimbikitsidwa maudindo ang'onoang'ono.

Choncho, absolutism ŵakusanga wa Mfumukazi ndi pulogalamu ali ndi zotsutsana kwambiri. Pa dzanja limodzi, iwo yodziwika ndi kulengeza choonadi cha nzeru za maphunziro apamwamba, Komano - kuteteza autocracy, ulamuliro wa anthu otchuka ndi serfdom.

Ŵakusanga absolutism wa Catherine II wonse kunathandiza zabwino pa chitukuko cha dziko: kuchuluka m'gawo lake, kuchuluka kwa anthu, kuchuluka chuma ndalama. Komabe, moyo wa anthu anakhalabe ndi vuto limeneli. Mu nthawi kuti mphamvu wamba nkhondo kutsogoleredwa ndi EI Pugachev. mafunso Mwamsanga sizinachitike anatsimikiza zonse. boma akhala autocratic ndi feudalistic.