Panama Canal (chaka cha kutsegula - 1914 TH): ndi waterway yokumba kulumikiza Pacific ndi Atlantic Nsomba zopezeka m'nyanja zikuluzikulu

Kumene madera tikudziwa kuti ndi Panama Canal ndi mmodzi wa akuluakulu maulendo mayendedwe madzi interconnecting ya Pacific ndi nyanja ya Atlantic. Iye anawoloka Korinto a dzina chomwecho mu mbali wotsikitsitsa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha Titanic ntchito wakhala kwambiri adzafupikitsidwa njira nyanja pakati pa madoko ambiri, mwachitsanzo, San Francisco ku New York ku 24 300 Km 10 700 Km. Panama Canal (chaka mphindi 1914 kutsegula) ali kutalika 81 Km, ndipo nthawi za ndime zake pafupifupi eyiti maola.

Izi njira, pamodzi ndi Kiel ndi Suez, ali ndi udindo padziko lonse ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha mogwirizana ndi malamulo adziko lonse lapansi ndi mfundo amadziwika ndi malamulo a dziko chiti. Iye anali kale ndi zaka 95. Ndipo pakati Panama Canal (kutsegula TH 1914 ngakhale kutchulidwa) kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi.

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1534 mpaka 1823 lingaliro kumanga wotanganidwa maganizo a boma la Spain. Iwo mobwerezabwereza imachitika afufuza kwambiri m'deralo, anamanga njira onyamula / mapulani zomangamanga zofunika kwa kusintha konse kudutsa Korinto lapansi. Mu 1814 ku Spain ngakhale patali lamulo kake. Koma mu 1823, iwo anataya zonse madera ake mu South ndi ku Central America, ndipo asiya mapulani awo. Yotsatira zaka 50, researches ndi ntchito linachititsa British, America, French ndi Dutch. Pomaliza ufulu wokwanira yomanga ndi chilolezo kwa zaka 99, analandira kampani French. Izo zinachitika mu 1876 ndipo patatha zaka zitatu kampani atenga nthumwi Ferdinand de A Lesseps, kadaulo wa anaumanga ya Suez Canal, mpata Maritime pang'ono kale - November 17, 1869.

Lesseps kampani kenako zinatha anasankhidwa receivership, ndipo mu 1904 kampani anagulitsidwa kwa boma la US kwa Uwerenge $ 40 miliyoni. America adapangana ndi Panama Canal pa pangano m'dera wosatha, ndipo pomanga chinthu Panama Canal. Inayambira chaka, 1914 TH, kunali kutha kwa khama zaka 11 ndi ntchito yotopetsa ndipo anasonyeza mtengo boma kukhazikitsa maganizo. Uwerenge The dzina lake ndithu - madola miliyoni 220.

Chifukwa ndi zisanu ndi liwiro pachipata kudutsa kamtunda kopita ku chilumba cha Panama ku doko Atlantic wa Cristobal kuti Balboa doko la Pacific gombe, mu malangizo ochokera kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa. kutalika kwa njira, monga tanenera, 80 Km, umene 42 - yokumba njira ndi maloko. Kutalika kwa zipinda Loko mamita 305, m'lifupi - 33 ndi theka. miyeso izi n'zotheka pochitika 85% ya panopa zikugwira ntchito zombo wamalonda padziko lonse.

Sitima yoyamba anadutsa kamtunda kopita ku chilumba pa 15 August 1914, koma kutsegula nduna ya Panama Canal zinachitika pa June 12, 1920, kenako anapatsidwa wokhathamira.

Tsopano, khotilo anapulumuka kukhala kupita mozungulira Cape Horn ndi Khwalala of Magellan, kotero misewu yofunika kwambiri kutumiza asinthidwa. Chaka kutsegula kwa Panama Canal chinali chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano panyanja m'chigawochi. Pa 2-3 kuchepetsa mtunda pakati pa maiko kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Canada ndi United States, pakati pa East Asia, ku United States, pakati pa mayiko a Latin America lokha.

Back mu 20s Mu zaka zapitazo, Panama anali kuyesa kumasulira njira akuwayang'anira ake. Zimenezi zinachitika mu masiteji, kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo linamalizidwa yekha December 31, 1999, pamene Panama Canal (kutsegula chaka cha 1914-TH, T. E. Pa zaka 85) unayamba ufulu wonse komanso zothandiza.