"Petr Veliky" - cruiser nyukiliya. Nyukiliya chida cruiser "Petr Veliky": kufotokoza

Waukulu chidwi mphamvu ya Russian Navy ankaona sitima zankhondo, nyukiliya ndi dizilo ndi mphamvu ya magetsi. Iwo utumiki zovuta kuchoka kugombe kwawo, unobtrusively kusonyeza kusatetezeka kwa adani, nthawi mwadala kulola yekha kuti "kudziwa". Akutulukira kuchokera pansi pa nyanja mu mphindi mosayembekezeka, pafupi ayendetsa gulu ndi navies kumayiko ena, kusonyeza iwo atsogoleri a zombo kuti ngakhale invisibility, iwo zilipobe. Mu yamtendere, monga mchitidwe imatengedwa wabwinobwino, pamene zinachitikira pamaso pa sitima zankhondo nkhondo akuwonekera mosiyana. Koma submariners eni machenjerero ndi kayendedwe ka zipangizo pamwamba zosatheka kubisa, makamaka monga onyamula lalikulu ndege kapena cruisers ndi mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu. Zikuoneka kuti zimphona izi samuopa aliyense.

Kodi pali kufunika zimphona izi?

Umo ndi momwe khalidwe pa nyanja nyukiliya chida cruiser "Petr Veliky". "Asilikali Review" - webusaiti wodzipereka kwa kachitidwe zida zoweta ndi achilendo, - kuyambitsa alendo zambiri luso dongosolo sitimayo, ntchito zake akuthamanga, koma azipewa kuganizira mofatsa nkhondowo nchito zake mu chochitika za m'madzi aakulu kapena nkhondo padziko lonse. Komabe ndi cruiser, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1986, si akwaniritsa zofunikira za Zakachikwi latsopano, udaikidwa popanda kutenga luso chifukwa ndi otsika aone ndi chachikulu yowala nyali cholinga. Lili ndi ubwino, koma ali ndi zolephera zingapo, monga zili unit nkhondowo mtengo Russian chuma mu ndalama wozungulira pachaka. Choncho zofunika ngati zombo wathu nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa cruiser "Petr Veliky" kapena bwino ndi zodula sitima zankhondo ochiritsira ka zida ndi panyanja ndege? Kodi bwino zidzakhala kufotokoza Russian apanyanja malire mu chochitika cha zochitika zapadera mfundo yachilendo? Kodi iye ali sankalemekeza kwambiri m'nyanja?

Mafunso amenewa amafuna mayankho zambiri komanso mwatsatanetsatane.

"Orlan" Series

M'masiku amenewo, pamene Soviet Union zombo analamula asilikali Gorshkov, wamba mfundo panyanja strategy anadalira sitima zazikulu, onse pamwamba ndi pansi pa madzi. The losagonjetseka mphamvu ya Soviet Navy sitima zapamadzi-limaimira sitima zankhondo zambiri nyukiliya ndi cruisers, bristling ndi launchers mzinga, radars ndi tinyanga. zomera Dizilo mphamvu mwapang'ono osiyanasiyana ntchito ntchito a magulu panyanja. Kupereka ( "Petr Veliky" kuyambira 1998) kuti n'zotheka pamaso kuonekera mbali ina ya nyanja dziko chinaikidwa pa Baltic Bzalani "Yuri Andropov". cruiser nyukiliya sanali anamumanga wina, ngakhale mavuto aakulu azachuma cha nthawi ya kukonzanso kwa sitima panayamba zombo zinayi 1144 zomangidwazo choyamba kuti walandira dzina ambiri "Orlan". "Abale" Native, "Andropov" chitsulo "Kirov", "Frunze" ndi "Kalinin", adamutchanso pambuyo otchuka wa Party Communist. zochitika wotsatira, zomwe zinachitika mu dziko, anasonyeza kuti poika chotero zikuluzikulu ntchito mphamvu kukonzanso pamwamba pa Navy utsogoleri wa dziko pang'ono otentha. Panopa, kuchokera pa mndandanda wonse, mmodzi nyukiliya chida cruiser "Petr Veliky" ndi kuphana-wokonzeka unit. Kodi n'chiyani chidzachitikire "asilikali Lazarev" (poyamba "Frunze") ndi "asilikali Nakhimov" ( "Kalinin"), zikuonekeratu wawo amawachitira akweza ndi udzaima mpaka kumapeto a zaka makumi ntchito. Tsogolo la "asilikali Ushakov" ( "Kirov"), achisoni, kudikira chombo yobwezeretsanso.

Zimalowa mpaka mwakachetechete, sakhoza

chombo Izi si wamkulu basi. Chachikulu kuposa izo ziri zonyamulira. Izo zikhoza kukhala zaka panyanja ndi yoyenda yokha, kubala m'malo makonzedwe a anthu ogwira ntchito ndipo chimathandiza m'matangadza chakudya. Gulu tso 727 amalinyero, sergeants Ofisala chilolezo ndi akapitawo, kuphatikizapo oyendetsa 18 ndi ogwira ntchito yokonza, utumiki Helicopters. Liwiro 32 mfundo. Kusamutsidwa matani 26,000. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti kuonetsetsa mobisa ndi maonekedwe ake mu aliyense m'dera nyanja dziko ndi zosatheka. Ndipo si kukula, kapena kani, osati iwo. The kudutsa m'mavuto kapena njira disavows ndi zombo otsika-tonnage, osati kuti cruiser nyukiliya "Petr Veliky". News kuti makamaka chonyamulira, wowonongayo kapena frigate anadutsa Suez Canal, ndi Bosphorus ndi Dardanelles, nthawi yomweyo kumwazikana padziko lonse. Nanga kufika chimphona ngati malo ake nthawi zonse kudziwika, ngati osati kuchokera TV, malinga ndi polojekiti ilili?

cholinga Major

Ndi bwino kuti maonekedwe a m'mphepete mwa sitimayo mphamvu choterechi cha mdani aliyense angathe kusamala ndi kulengeza Alamu ambiri. Zimene yemweyo adzakhala mkulu wa pawiri panyanja, amene pazifukwa zina, tiyandikire katundu nyukiliya chida cruiser "Petr Veliky". Ngati chinthu choterocho zimachitika pa nthawi ya mtendere, zonse zatha nthawi zonse "nzeru ulemu m'zinthu," ndi squadron mwaulemu pamtunda ng'oma wake ndi machitidwe chitetezo, "kupanga phokoso" kugwirizana ndi kutuluka, "SITIMA pa nyanja." Koma ndipita zambiri kwambiri ndi woopsa kwambiri mu mwambo nkhondo. Malinga ndi chandamale mdani lalikulu yomweyo lotseguka moto, ndipo adzachita chilichonse kuika pansi pa cruiser lapansi. The kumayamba angamvetsere mivi odana sitima, torpedoes, kunyanyala mpweya ndi zinthu zina ankhanza, "Petro Veliky"? Ndipo ngati iye angathe kunena kwake vuto la kusowa Pre-emptive kuponya?

Inde. Kuchita izi, izo ziyenera zonse muyenera.

zida

Ndi wapadera osati kukula. Mu dziko palibe neavianesuschih zombo zida monga "Petr Veliky". Nyukiliya cruiser ali pa bolodi nkhokwe yaikulu mulimonse mmene zingakhalire kuwonongeka moto ndi kuteteza kuukira mpweya, kuukira sitima zapamadzi, kumuopseza wanga ndi mavuto ena. "Chief likungosonyeza" ndi mizinga "Granit" pankakhala launchers makumi awiri pansi pa ngalawayo.

Nkhondo ya paketi zipolopolo izi kupirira n'zosatheka, iwo ali Integrated, kuima-yekha dongosolo kulamulira. Flight mgwirizano "mtsogoleri" kuti apewe mizinga ena onse, choncho ake chida kukunda nyamarwa zikutanthauza kuti pali yaotomatiki "ntchito" ya mtsogoleri watsopano. Mogwirizana ndi wailesi chopinga ndiponso zinthu zabodza anawomberedwa "lubwe" tinganene kuti kuyenera.

Air chitetezo dongosolo S-300F (ntchito m'madzi) wodzilemekeza ndi kachitidwe odana ndege "zigawenga" ndi "mgoza". Nyumba ndiotetezedwa ku zotsatira za Tarka mivi odana sitima anapezerapo kuphatikizapo ku ndege. Komanso, iwo akhoza kuukira ngakhale mabomba kopitilira muyeso-yeniyeni ndi laser malangizo.

Kuukira looneka ndi maboti chida analephera. Komanso pali chida ndi zida zankhondo 130 likungosonyeza, akhoza kugunda pa mtunda wa makilomita mpaka 22. Kulimbana ndi sitima zankhondo mdani nyukiliya katundu cruiser "Petr Veliky" yatenganso launchers khumi "Waterfall" ndi anayi dazeni odana thanki motsogozedwa mivi RSL 40, ndi kuwathandiza kupeza Ka 27 - awiri a iwo. Ndipo si onse.

Ambiri, kwambiri zida. Ndi chitetezo ndi amanyansidwa moto pali kusunga.

Malodza a Mipingo ya?

Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti Tarka "Petr Veliky" angatchedwe wangwiro unsinkable cruiser zimene mdani mphamvu. zida zotere si choncho, makamaka chifukwa sitimayo anaikonza kwa nthawi yaitali, pafupifupi zaka zapitazo. Panthawi imeneyi, asilikali shipbuilding mfundo zasintha kukhala silhouettes osiyanasiyana Zombo Zankhondo, anaonekera zachilendo ndondomeko nyanja "chozemba" mbisoweka zovuta yokhotakhota tinyanga wosalira mitundu, contours mizere kukhala wosweka. Akatswiri ena a zankhondo "Petr Veliky" (lolemera nyukiliya chida cruiser Project 1144) Zikuoneka kuti ndi mzukwa chachikale chinkawavuta nthawi ya makumi asanu ndi awiri ndi Mipingo. Kale ali ndi resonant gratings, Rada ndi aya tinyanga zambiri. Ndi kupereka chitsanzo cha akatswiri zoterozo mu US, "Orli Berk" - ndi wowonongayo, anamanga ndi zofunika zonse mwamakono chifukwa chozemba ndi zambiri thandizo.

Otsutsa US

Inde, wowonongayo US chidwi ndi maonekedwe ake kopitilira muyeso-ano. Ndi chabe loboti-thiransifoma wa mtundu wina, palibe mbali yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda, kompyuta dongosolo amapereka (malinga ndi Pentagon) kudziwika oyambirira ndi kudya kwambiri zochita ntchito. Pali nkhawa mmene bwino adzatha ntchito nyukiliya cruiser "Petr Veliky" chifukwa "Aegis" dongosolo, amene okonzeka owononga mtundu "Orli Berk".

Koma si onse kwambiri. chakuti zombo atsopano American zinalengedwa pa maziko a mfundo zikuluzikulu ziwiri: maximizing kuphatikiza kachitidwe kulamulira ndi kuchepetsa ndalama.

"Aegis" dongosolo

siteshoni Rada AN / akazonde-1, anayamba "Orli Berk" ngati mlongoti amagwiritsa anayi phased zosiyanasiyana, fixedly Ufumuyo superstructure lapansi. Dongosolo lonse safuna kuti malo umodzi Machining, amene, ndithudi, ali ndi zinthu zina mbali ya chitetezo chokwanira phokoso, komanso itsekeke pang'ono osiyanasiyana mtunda wa kudziwika ndi kutsatira wa mipherezero. Makamaka, sangathe imeneyi kumaonekera ndi zoyenera kuukira chinyezimiro supersonic otsika-zouluka mivi odana sitima, amene ali "Petr Veliky". Nyukiliya cruiser kuyamika kukula kwake akhoza kukwaniritsa kwambiri zida za nkhondo, ndi mlongoti wake, unali pamwamba, kupereka chenjezo oyambirira a zinthu ngakhale ngati wochenjera monga zombo za kalasi "Orli Berk" (amene ali kosaoneka ndi kuitana simungakhoze).

About tinyanga "Petra Velikogo"

Inde, ambiri mbale, ndipo ndi chifukwa iwo ali momveka kuonekera pa zowonetsera Rada, "Petr Veliky". cruiser nyukiliya okonzeka ndi okwerera Rada atatu, omwe amakwaniritsa mbali ya ntchito. "Kutuluka dzuwa" (MP-600), lokhazikika kwa foremast ndi, kuchita ndi ntchito mwachidule. Pansipa, mu mphanga, ili Rada "Frigate M 2 '(MP-750), izo Mzimuyo chandamale atatu imayang'anira. Pa foremast anapereka mlongoti "mistimed" (MP-350), ndi wokhoza kudziwa mipherezero otsika-zouluka - ichi ndi mfundo akusowa unyolo coherent wa wotsutsa-American chitetezo "Aegis" dongosolo. "Chintchito" amagwira ntchito ziwiri ntchito dongosolo, ndipo ali mkulu jambulani mlingo osakaniza ndi yaing'ono okwera ngodya kupereka ntchito ankafuna. Choncho, ngakhale kuti aone ake, Tarka "Petr Veliky" ali mwayi onse kugunda masiku zambiri chombo cha mdani angathe, kumumenya zonse nkhokwe ochuluka. iye akhoza patsogolo, choncho, anadabwa kuukira sikuti akufuna kudziwa mdani. Mungaimitse mivi kumakhalanso ndithu kuchita ichi, icho chiyenera zonse muyenera.

ziyembekezo

History amadziwa zitsanzo zambiri pamene Zombo Zankhondo anali mu Navy zaka zambiri. Molimba thupi, galimoto yabwino ndi akuyendetsa mphamvu ndi kusamutsidwa lalikulu kupereka maziko a wamakono m'chombo ndi kuchititsa mu mzere ndi zofunikira za nthawi. Pali zikuoneka kuti nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa cruiser "Petr Veliky", makhalidwe luso lomwe angasangalatse adzatchedwa kwambiri, adzakhala opareshoni kwa nthawi yaitali. Iye alibe analogues ngakhale ena zombo zofanana ndi mphamvu za nyukiliya chomera, monga "VA" kapena "Long Beach", ndi laling'ono kwambiri kuposa flagship yathu ya kumpoto zombo mu kusamutsidwa, choncho pa kuthekera wamakono. Ndi wapadera ndi zosagwiritsa dongosolo lawo, kuphatikizapo awiri kusala nyutironi riyakitala ndi wothandiza boilers, kuonjezera mphamvu megawatts 300.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti icho chinali chozizwitsa zoweta makampani shipbuilding ndi mlengi wa dzina la Russian apanyanja, amene anayamba Ntchito yabwino kupanga wodzichepetsa yaing'ono bwato.

Mwina kukhala zaka zambiri nthawi pamene amachotsedwa Navy zida nyukiliya chida cruiser "Petr Veliky" imene adzabwera m'malo zombo atsopano a lachitatu Zakachikwi.