Rickettsia - ndi chiyani ichi? Kodi matenda chifukwa Rickettsia?

Mu 1906, H. kafukufuku rickettsial anayamba malungo wamawangamawanga. Mu 1909 mankhwala anaphunzira magazi anapezeka tizilombo mu mawonekedwe a timitengo ndi miyeso ochepa. zamoyo ofanana apezeka chaka chino ndi kafukufuku wina, S. Nicholas okha kuphunzira tayifodi. Ndipo kuyambira RICKETTS anamwalira mu 1910 chifukwa cha typhoid, ndi pamaso kuti kulankhula za anapeza ake, mtundu wa wothandizila causative cha matenda dzina lake ulemu wake - Rickettsia, monga kuzindikira asayansi sayansi.

Rickettsia Kodi

Rickettsia - ali wamfupi galamu alibe zamoyo, amene ali ndi katundu wa mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya. Kuyambira pachiyambi iwo anatenga mwayi kubalana mwa maselo eukaryotic, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, monga mabakiteriya ayenera mpweya, ndi khoma foni ndipo timaganizira gulu linalake la mankhwala. Izi yaying'ono-zamoyo - prokaryotes, iwo alibe formalized pachimake, palibe mitochondria.

Kufotokozera ndi kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe

Kawirikawiri onse mamembala a mtundu uwu ndi pang'ono - mpaka 1 micron. ndi ndodo woboola zambiri, koma pamisinkhu zina zingakhale filamentary ndi bacillary. Komanso, kusintha zonse zimachitika mwa selo khamu.

Rickettsia - ndi tizilombo mapulani iwo alibe michirayo imakhala yosiyanasiyana, ndipo pansi sinali bwino, kupanga njira yaing'ono kuwateteza. Nthawi zambiri, njira zimenezi zingakhale mu thupi kwa zaka 10 kusunga ndi n'kuwatsegulanso m'mikhalidwe yabwino.

Rickettsia, mauka, Mycoplasma ndi parasitic mu maselo a munthu, kuchititsa matenda, koma kamodzi mu chilengedwe, pomwepo anamupha. chilengedwe chawo - khungu amoyo ndi kagayidwe yogwira. Ndipo ngati nembanemba mucous mkamwa, pakhosi ndi kapepala mkodzo amakonda mycoplasma, Rickettsia moyo mu maselo zaminyewa wa intestine, ndi mtima endothelium eni zikuluzikulu - tizilombo, ndipo munthu kugunda pafupifupi onse ziwalo ndipo zimakhala. Mauka komanso amakonda kusamukira ku ziwalo masomphenya, bwanji Ziwalo zoberekera, ndi mapapo.

Chulukanani ndi tizilombo tina, rickettsiae mkati maselo makamu, zokha maselo akuchikazi ndi kugawa mu theka (ndilo khalidwe la mabakiteriya). Pankhaniyi, maselo matenda tiziromboti wakupha msanga.

Kayendedwe ka moyo tizilombo awa ndi yosavuta. Izi mwina siteji vegetative - selo ukugawa yogwira kapena quiescent siteji.

Pa matenda Ulaya chifukwa cha rickettsia, ndi n'chosoŵa. Koma mu Asia, ku Australia ndi ku Tasmania, matenda awa zili ponseponse.

Gawo

Pa 26 May 2015 mitundu akhala m'gulu mtundu uwu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mitundu yambiri amene ankachitira apa, onse analandira ndi anasamutsidwa. Izo ziyenera kuti dziko wamba zounikira gulu rickettsial mpaka mapeto ndipo si yapangidwa.

Phunziro tizilombo awa ndi zoopsa kwambiri, chifukwa pafupifupi mamembala onse a mtundu matenda chifukwa, kuphatikizapo amapha. Choncho panali malipoti zambiri za matenda a ofufuza nawo mu phunziro tizilombo izi.

matenda rickettsial

Anthu chifukwa febrile Rickettsia mtundu wa matenda. Ndipo dzina ambiri matenda onsewa - rickettsioses. The otaya iwo, monga ulamuliro, wakhala lakuthwa kwambiri ndi limodzi mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana totupa pakhungu la, trombovaskulitami kapena vasculitis.

Choncho chimene chimayambitsa matenda Rickettsia? Pakali pano, pali zotsatirazi:

1. Mliri Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi, dzina chachiwiri - typhoid.
2. Disease Brill-Tsinsersa kapena sparodichesky Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi (Rickettsia Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi, pambuyo munthuyo akhala akudwala kwa nthawi yoyamba, kutenga mawonekedwe yaing'ono; patapita zaka ndi zambiri zotheka zisadzachitikenso cha matenda amene walandira dzina). Nthawi zambiri anawona okalamba.
3. Kuderako Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi kapena malungo khoswe.
4. Brazil Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi.
5. North Asia ndi ku Australia Mafunso Chongani Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi.
6. Miyala Mountain mabanga malungo.
7. Rickettsial pox.
8. Israeli malungo (more umatchedwa malungo a Marseille ndi Mediterranean mabanga malungo).
9. Murine Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi (dzina chachiwiri - utitiri, monga mosungiramo kwa kulanda ndi utitiri).
10. Quintan.
11. Tsutsugamushi, malungo, kapena Japanese (ambiri onyamula ndi makoswe ndi matenda trombidiidae).
12. Chimaleya scraper malungo.
13. Sumatran Mafunso Chongani malungo.
14. TIBOLA, bango kapena lymphadenopathy - matenda, anatsegula monga posachedwapa motere.
15. DEBONEL, kapena necrotic strupalimfadenopatiya (chifukwa cha mtundu womwewo wa Rickettsia. Matenda amasiyana zizindikiro kokha).

Komanso kudziwika ndi:

• Q malungo;
• ngalande malungo;
• ospovidny Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi (koma iwo akutchedwa rickettsialpox);
• Queensland malungo:
• Astrakhan rickettsial malungo.

Pamndandanda uwu ndi chosakwanira mndandanda wa matenda amene anthu akhoza kachilomboko.

Njira kachilombo

Rickettsia kunja maselo - ichi ndi yovuta kwa osemphana wa dzikoli, ndi kufa msanga chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana tizilombo. N'chifukwa chake muyenera onyamula wapadera. Za ntchito imeneyi, wangwiro tizilombo m'magazi woyamwa, monga nthata, nsabwe ndi nkhupakupa.

Popeza nsabwe ndi nthata amapezeka paliponse, matenda zimasenza, ali kuderako, pamene nthata ndi malo awo enieni, ndi matenda oyamba ndi iwo, ndi khalidwe la munthu kuderako.

Pambuyo ndi mbola mu thupi la munthu kugwa Rickettsia. Toyambitsa matenda a m'mimba mucosa utitiri, nsabwe kapena nthata anasamutsa mu magazi, ndi chifukwa - malungo ndi matenda aakulu. Ndipo kawirikawiri ndi owopsa okha arthropods Rickettsia. Pakhala milandu la kufalitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, majeremusi tizilombo ku mibadwomibadwo kudzera mazira. Apa arthropods ntchito chabe monga mosungiramo kwa kusungiramo tizilombo. Komanso, ndi tizilombo infestation angayambe mwa mwazi wodwalayo anthu pa nthawi ya kuluma.

Ngati chotengera ndi mudzichonga Rickettsia, tizilomboto akhoza zopezera kudzera kuluma, ngati ndi bakiteriya ali zopangitsa ndi malovu, kapena akusisita mu khungu pamene tizilombo amangoyang'ana wosweka.

Pali subspecies osiyana, ndi zambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi mmene chilengedwe otchedwa Coxiella. Zoyambitsa matenda amenewa rickettsia monga mwa tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, ndi m'malovu airborne ndi chifukwa ambiri a mmodzi mwa anthu atatu mitundu ya Q malungo.

A malungo Japanese si opatsirana mwachindunji kwa wodwalayo munthu wathanzi. Kwenikweni pamaso la nkhoswe. Ndipo nthawi zambili kuposa udindo wake ankaimba ndi khoswe kapena mbewa. kuluma zawo zikhoza kukhala zoopsa kwambiri.

zizindikiro za matenda

Matenda oyamba ndi rickettsia, akhoza zimapezeka mosiyanasiyana, koma zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti ikhoza kukhala wolemekezeka. Iwo ali motere:

• kupweteka minofu ululu chiyambi sakudziwika;
• malungo;
• yosiyanasiyana totupa ndi tizilombo kuluma mu malo eschar anapanga wamfupi, zomwe darkens ndi nthawi, ndi kuthamanga anamva pa chinthu chimodzimodzi izo ake;
• kutupa kwa mwanabele, ndi kuwonjezeka awo kukula;
• youma chifuwa.

rickettsioses katundu zambiri nthawi zonse zimachitika ndi kutentha ndi boma onyenga, kupuma mtima ndi kufupika lolemera. Kudwala Matendawa zambiri vuto lalikulu. Matendawa akhoza kukhala mwa khungu biopsy ku kuluma. Pamwamba pake pamene matenda ali nthawizonse papule aumbike kenako akutembenukira wakuda.

Malungo amayamba padziko tsiku lachinayi pambuyo matenda, koma mwina kudzachitike maonekedwe ake kwa nthawi yaitali. Wodwala akufotokozera boma la mphwayi. Lymph mfundo (choyamba awo pafupi ndi kuluma, ndiye zina) kukhala chofuna ndi kuwonjezeka mu kukula.

sabata A pambuyo zizindikiro woyamba wa matenda ayamba kuonekera zizindikiro ankaikira matenda rickettsial - kutentha chifuwa kuuma akufotokozera mu chifuwa kapena chibayo, pali photophobia, conjunctivitis. Mwina chifukwa cha kutentha kukhala ndi kuona zilubwelubwe, komanso imfa tsankho kapena wathunthu mmakutu. Khungu limapezeka melkopapuleznaya totupa, makamaka miyendo, koma nthawi zina pa thunthu.

Ngati inu musayambe chithandizo, malungo adzapitiriza kwa masabata awiri. Luso la tizilombo 40% matenda onse. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ngozi za imfa zimadalira zaka, mtundu wa matenda ndi mphamvu m'thupi la thupi.

matenda microbiological

matenda oyambirira limachititsa kufulumizitsa lipole. A matenda mofulumira Rickettsia - ndi biopsy wa eschar. Koma akhoza zotsimikizirika ndi kudzipatula chitetezo ku mbewa immunized mwazi munthu wodwala.

Njira ina Kupeza Vuto imagwiridwa ntchito njira serological. Koma zotsatira ayenera kutanthauziridwa mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amapezeka pakati pa mitundu ya osiyana bakiteriya mitundu mtanda reactivity.

Chimodzi mwa ziyeso ambiri a chizindikiritso cha Rickettsia - chitsanzo mooseri-Neil. Pankhaniyi, m'mimba mwa mwazi venous wa wodwala kutumikiridwa ndi mbira nkhumba kumayambiriro siteji febrile. Ngati nthendayo anatsimikizira, nyama kuoneka zizindikiro za malungo, minofu necrosis, ndipo mwamuna nkhumba scrotum kutupikana. Nthawi zambiri, ngati matenda zikutsimikiziridwa, nyama amafa.

Chitetezo chokwanira ku rikketsiozah

Ngakhale ndi makulidwe ochepa mtundu uwu wa yaying'ono-zamoyo ali antigens ena (AG), makamaka lipopolysaccharide chikhalidwe. Ndinapeza oopsa chomwecho mu Rickettsia mabakiteriya Proteus, limene lili kutali zokwanira pa thebulo mokoma mtima mwadongosolo Rickettsia. Choncho, ngati munthu zowawa wina wa matenda amene amayamba chifukwa cha mtundu uliwonse mtundu umenewu, atumiki a mtundu womwewo, wodziwika ndi Antigen yemweyo amene si zoopsa. Ndipotu mtanda chitetezo chokwanira akufotokozera mu thupi la munthu.

chithandizo

Malinga njira osankhidwa amachitira matenda. Only matenda oyenerera opatsirana mungapange matenda lolondola ndi mankhwala mankhwala. Mu malungo zosiyanasiyana rickettsial anatumizidwa kugwiritsira antipyretics, monga "ndi aspirin", "prednisolone" kapena glucocorticosteroids zina, mankhwala ( "Rifampicin" kapena "Levometitsin").

Imodzi ndikofunikira kugwira detoxification ndi kulowetsedwa kwa masiku 3 gemodeza, mtsempha jekeseni kwa masiku 3 shuga njira ndi kumwa zakumwa malita 2.5 patsiku oralita njira m'masiku asanu.

Chonchi kutentha chiwembu supplementation akubwerera mwakale pa tsiku 9-11. Pafupi masabata awiri kenako Ine kunachotsedwa zopweteka thupi ndi ululu mu minofu, ndi milungu itatu mbisoweka totupa thupi, kutanthauza kuchira pafupifupi onse.

Zochizira enaake a pakhungu Mafunso Chongani ofalitsidwa akufuna chiwembu wina wa mankhwala:

• Kulandira ya tetracycline mankhwala ndi (kapena) levomitsetinovoy gulu kukhalabe - mankhwala a mtima mu Mlingo zolimbitsa.
• Ngati matenda kumayamba wolemedwa boma onyenga, kapena zizindikiro zina aakulu zimapezekabe, Kuwonjezera shuga m'nsinga peresenti asanu njira ndi kuchepetsa toxication za thupi.
• Nthawi zina kutumikiridwa zina mahomoni ndi glycosides mtima.

Pa chakudya chimenechi, kuchira wathunthu amapezeka pafupifupi mwezi umodzi.

Q malungo amaliona ingestion antibayotiki, "ndi chloramphenicol" ndi mankhwala ya tetracycline gulu imodzi. Ngati, pasanathe masiku atatu kapena anayi silidzachotsedwa anaona patsogolo, zina athandizira glucocorticoid mankhwala. Pamene zotsatira ngati mbali monga myocardium ndi zina anayambitsa mankhwala mtima ndi vasopressor. wothandizila detoxifying ndi kutumikiridwa m'nsinga (shuga ndi saline). Mankhwalawa kumatenga pafupifupi theka mwezi.

chithandizo rickettsial ayenera kutenga malo mu chipatala, kuyang'aniridwa ndi matenda opatsirana. Ovuta kwambiri kuchiza matenda amene anachititsa Rickettsia, mauka mu mimba ndi kuyamwitsa, monga gulu la odwala kulandira mankhwala contraindicated ya tetracycline gulu. Pankhaniyi, ndi modekha, koma sakhala ogwira "Chloramphenicol" (yoyamwitsa pa nthawi yolandira chithandizo ayenera kusiya).

Ana kwa zaka eyiti ndi rikketsiozah azichitira "Chloramphenicol" pasanathe masiku khumi, ndi okalamba, komanso akuluakulu - doksitsiklinovoy gulu, kungotenga mlingo wa zochepa.

kupewa

Pakali pano, anayamba ndi ntchito mankhwala katemera atenuirovannaya mliri Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi ndipo ndi Q malungo.

Koma si wina aliyense ali ndi mwayi kuti katemera, kupita pa tchuthi ku dziko kumene kuli m'matumba a matenda matenda rickettsial. Choncho, kuchita malamulo wamba ochepa, mungathe kudziteteza ndi banja lanu iwo.

1. Mukapita paki, paki, nkhalango, osungira zinyama kapena malo ena aliwonse kumene anakumana ndi nkhupakupa, nthata kapena zonyamulira zina, wobvala ndi zazitali manja ndi pansi - zipewa zakhonde.
2. Onetsetsani kuti ntchito zipangizo, galimoto kutali tizilombo.
3. Onetsetsani kuti afufuze ndi ana awo pamaso pa kulumidwa ndi tizilombo. Kupereka ulemu wapadera kwa khosi, groin, m'khwapa, ndi pansi pa mawondo - amakonda malo Mafunso Chongani kuluma.
4. Pamene inu kukaona malo omwe ali ndi rickettsiosis aliyense, onetsetsani kuti azivala zovala impregnated ndi dimethyl phthalate.
5. Ndimakonda kugona panja m'mahema? Ndiye kugona pa machira, ndipo osati pansi.
6. Panali kukaikira za matenda a munthu rickettsiosis pafupi? Ndiye musachedwe amanena kuti matenda opatsirana.
7. ukhondo sichinayambe zimafika.