Russia. Mzinda wa Russia (mndandanda)

Dera la Russia - ndi dera limene limakhala m'dera mu mabeseni a mitsinje ikuyenda mu Pacific Ocean. Iwo zikuphatikizapo Kuril, Shantarsky ndi Commander Islands, Sakhalin Island ndi Wrangel. mumve zambiri adzakhala anafotokoza mu gawo ili la Chitaganya cha Russia, komanso ena mizinda Russia (mndandanda wa waukulu adzapatsidwa m'lembali).

anthu

Dera la Russia ndi ambiri ochepa dziko. Ndi pafupifupi miliyoni 6.3. Man. Ichi chikuimira pafupifupi 5% ya anthu okwana Russian. M'zaka 1991-2010 okhala anakana ndi mln 1.8. Anthu. Pankhani mlingo wa kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu mu East Asia, mu Primorsky Gawo, iye -3,9, mu Republic of Sakha - 1.8, mtsuko - 0,7, ndi Khabarovsk Gawo - 1.3, pa Sakhalin - 7,8, m'chigawo Magadan - 17,3, dera Amur. - 6, Kamchatka dera - 6.2, m'chigawo Chukotka - 14,9. Pankhani ya kupitiriza kwa zinthu zilili pa Chukotka amakhalabe popanda anthu pa 66 zakubadwa, ndipo Magadan - kudzera 57.

nzika

Russia chimakwirira kudera la makilomita 6169,3 zikwi. Izi ndi za 36% ya dziko lonse. Nthawi zambiri ku East Far monga dera Trans-Baikal. Ichi ndi chifukwa malo Hrs ake, komanso ntchito za kusamuka. Administratively ogaŵikana zigawo zotsatirazi Far East: Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin Ayuda Autonomous Region, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk Gawo. Monga mbali ya DFO komanso pano Primorsky Krai, Chukotka.

Mbiri ya Russia

Mu 1-2 Zakachikwi BC, dera Amur anali anthu mafuko osiyanasiyana. Anthu a East Far Russia lero sasiyana ndi amenewa zosiyanasiyana, monga izo zinali mu masiku amenewo. Chiwerengero ndiye inkakhala Dauria Udeghes, Nivkh, Evenk, Nanai, Orochi, ndi zina zotero. The ntchito yaikulu ya anthu tinali kuweza ndi kusaka. Midzi kwambiri wakale wa Primorye, amene ali a nyengo Paleolithic, anali anatulukira pafupi Nakhodka m'deralo. Mu M'badwo Stone pa dera la Kamchatka anakakhala Itelmen, Koryak ndi Ainu. Ndi pakati pa XIX m'ma kumeneko anayamba kuoneka Evenki. M'zaka za m'ma XVII boma la Russia anayamba kukuza Siberia ndi Far East. 1632 chinali chaka cha maziko a Yakutsk. Pansi pa utsogoleri wa Cossack Semyon Shelkovnikova mu nyanja ya Okhotsk iwo unapangidwa bungwe kanyumba mu 1647. Lero, malo ano ndi doko Russian - Okhotsk. Kukula kwa Russia anapitiriza. Choncho, ndi pakati pa XVII ofufuza m'ma Khabarov ndi Poyarkov anabwera kum'mwera Yakutsk burg. Pa mitsinje ya Amur ndi Zeya anakumana mafuko amene analipira msonkho kwa Chinese Qing Mafumu. Chifukwa, nkhondo yoyamba Nerchinsk pangano yosainidwa pakati pa maiko awiri. Malinga ndi Cossacks izo zimayenera kudutsa dera Qing Ufumu unakhazikitsidwa pa maiko Albazinskogo chigawo. Malinga ndi pangano anatsimikiza asapita zamtendere ndi malonda. pansi pangano m'malire anathamanga kumpoto m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewo. Gorbitz ndi zitunda wa Amur beseni. Kukayikakayika anakhalabe ku munda wa nyanja ya Okhotsk. Nerazgranichennymi anali malo pakati pa zitunda ndi Taykansky Kivun. Pakutha Cossacks XVII m'ma Russian ndi Kozyrevsky Atlasov kafukufuku anayamba Kamchatka Peninsula. Mu zoyambirira za m'ma XVIII anadzakhala mbali ya Russia.

XVIII m'ma

Mu 1724, pa Kamchatka Peninsula, Peter ndinatumiza maulendowa choyamba. Anayamba kuyenda ake Vitus Bering. Chifukwa cha ntchito ofufuza Russian sayansi ali mfundo zothandiza za kum'mawa kwa Siberia. Izi, makamaka, ndi masiku Magadan ndi Kamchatka zigawo. Pali makadi atsopano zodziwika bwino ndondomeko ya gombe Far East ndi Khwalala, yomwe kenako dzina Bering Sea. ulendo wachiwiri unakhazikitsidwa mu 1730. Iye anatsogolera Chirikov ndi Bering. Ntchito ulendo unali kukwaniritsa kugombe la America. Chidwi, makamaka ankaimira Alaska ndi Islands Aleutian. Studies ya Kamchatka m'zaka XVIII anachita chinkhoswe Chichagov, Steller, Krasheninnikov.

XIX atumwi

Nthawi imeneyi, anayamba yogwira kukula kwa Russia. Zimenezi kwathandiza kwambiri kuti kufooka kwa Qing Ufumu. Iye mu 1840 anali nawo Opium nkhondo 1. ntchito asilikali ndi magulu ankhondo ophatikizana a France ndi England mu Guangzhou ndi Macau amafuna zinthu zazikulu ndi anthu ogwira ntchito. Kumpoto kwa China anakhalabe pafupifupi popanda chivundikiro, ichi ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito Russia. Iye pamodzi ndi mphamvu zina European, anatenga gawo mu gawo kufooka kwa Qing Ufumu. Mu 1850, pa kamwa ya Amur tidakocheza mkulu Nevel. Pali anakhazikitsa malo a asilikali. Kuonetsetsa kuti boma Qing Sichinatsitsidwe anachira chifukwa cha pa Opium nkhondo ndi zogwirizana ntchito zawo kunayambika Taiping Kupanduka, ndi moyenera, sangathe kupereka yankho chokwanira kuti zonena za Russia, Nevel wasankha kulengeza gombe la Chitata Chiyembekezo Island ndi m'kamwa mwa chuma Amur zoweta. Mu 1854, 14 May, werengani Muraviev, ali deta analandira kuchokera Nevelsk, pakalibe mayunitsi asilikali China bungwe mtsinje rafting. Maulendowa anali Sitima "Argun" 29 zoyandama maboti 48 ndi za 800 anthu. Pa munitions aloyi, asilikali ndi zinthu anapulumutsidwa. Part wa asilikali anapita ku Kamchatka Nyanja kulimbitsa mudzi wa Petro ndi Paulo. ena onse zogulitsa pa gawo wakale wa dziko dera Amur dongosolo Chinese kafukufuku. ndi aloyi chachiwiri unachitikira chaka chotsatira. Iwo anali nawo anthu za 2.5 zikwi. Pakutha 1855, angapo midzi inakonzedwa mu malire m'munsi wa Amur Mtsinje: Sergeevskoe, Novo-Mikhailovsky, Bogorodskoye, Irkutsk. Mu 1858 banki bwino mwalamulo anali linalanda kwa Russia malinga ndi Aigun Pangano. Ambiri, tisaiwale kuti mfundo Russia a ku Far East analibe chikhalidwe aukali. Mgwirizano lonjezolo limati zina popanda gulu lankhondo.

malo Geographical

East zaku Russia kum'mwera kwenikweni kwa dziko la malire a Korea North, mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Japan. Mu kwambiri kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa Bering Strait - ndi United States. Wina State, amene kumalire East Far (Russia) - China. Kuwonjezera pa utsogoleri, pali magawano ina DFO. Choncho, otchedwa akumidzi a Russia. Izi ndi malo mwachilungamo lalikulu. North-East Siberia, yoyamba pafupifupi limafanana ndi kum'mawa kwa Yakutia (m'madera phirilo kum'mawa kwa Aldan ndi Lena). North Pritihookeanskaya dziko - zoni chachiwiri. Mbaliyi kum'mawa kwa Region Magadan., Chukotka Autonomous District, mbali ya kumpoto Khabarovsk Gawo. Kuti mulinso ndi Kuril Islands ndi Kamchatka. The zikuchokera mayiko Amur-Sakhalin ndi EAO Amur dera., The kum'mwera kwa Khabarovsk Gawo. Komanso, amanena Sakhalin Island ndi Primorsky Krai. Ku Central ndi South Siberia, Yakutia zikuphatikizapo, kuwonjezera pa mbali ya kum'mawa.

nyengo

Izo ziyenera kuti Russia ali pati mwachilungamo lalikulu. Nchifukwa chake chapadera nyengo mosiyana. Kwa Yakutia ndi Magadan Madera a dera Kolyma Mwachitsanzo, zikuchepa chokhala ponseponse. Ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa - mtundu chakum'mawa kwa nyengo. Kusiyana kumeneku anatsimikiza mtima mogwirizana kwa misa m'madzi komanso chokhala ndi mpweya M'madera a zitunda kotentha. Kum'mwera amakhala ndi zikuchepa-chakum'mawa kwa nyengo ndi nyanja ndi mussonoobrazny kumpoto. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha anzake a dziko North Asia ndi Pacific. chikoka Special alili nyengo ali Okhotsk Nyanja ndi Primorsk ozizira panopa m'mphepete mwa nyanja nyanja ya Japan. Ofunika m'dera lino ndipo ali m'mapiri. Mu gawo chokhala ya Far East Federal District wa chisanu ndi chisanu pang'ono ndi chisanu.

Features Weather

Dzinja otentha zokwanira, koma yochepa. Pankhani madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pali achisanu nyengo ndi wachete, kasupe ndi kuzizira ndipo achezera, ofunda ndi nthawi yophukira ndi m'chilimwe ndi ozizira. Pa gombe ndi zowononga pafupipafupi, chifunga, chimphepo ndi katundu mvula yaitali. Kutalika kwa chisanu pa Kamchatka Peninsula kungakhale kwa mamita asanu. The kwambiri m'madera kum'mwera, ndi apamwamba a chinyezi. Choncho, kum'mwera kwa Primorye nthawi zambiri ndithu upatsidwa kuzungulira 90%. Pafupifupi gawo lonse la East Far m'chilimwe ndi mvula yaitali. Zimenezi, amachititsa osefukira mwadongosolo, osefukira minda ndi nyumba zogona. Ku Far East, nthawi ndi nyengo dzuwa ndi bwino yaitali. Ndi zachilendo ndipo amaonedwa kukhala mvula mosalekeza kwa masiku angapo. mtundu uwu zosiyanasiyana Russia ndi chosiyana ndi "imvi" gawo European la Russia. Mu chigawo chapakati cha Far East Federal District palinso fumbi mikuntho. Iwo amabwera kuchokera m'chipululu cha kumpoto China ndi Mongolia. A mbali yaikulu ya Far East ukugwira kaya High North (popanda EAO, kum'mwera kwa dera Amur., Primorsky ndi Khabarovsk m'madera).

zachilengedwe

Ku Far East, nkhokwe zopangira ndi okwanira. Zimenezi zimathandiza iye kukhala pa malo ŵa mu chuma Russian zingapo za maudindo. Choncho, Far East nkhani Russian kupanga kwa 98% diamondi 80% malata, 90% boron zopangira, 14% tungsten, 50% golide, 40% nsomba ndi nsomba, 80% ya soya, 7% mapadi nkhuni 13%. Mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za DFO tisaiwale migodi processing sanali akakhala zitsulo, zamkati ndi pepala, nsomba, mitengo kukonza sitima ndi shipbuilding.

nthambi

Mu Far East, ndalama zofunika kubweretsa mitengo nsomba, migodi, si akakhala zitsulo. mafakitale izi chifukwa cha oposa theka la zokolola malonda. Underdeveloped ankaona processing ukulu. Pamene exporting dera yaiwisi akuvutika zomvetsa mu mawonekedwe a mtengo anawonjezera. DFO amachititsa chidwi masamba mtunda zoyendera. Iwo zikugwirizananso ndi mawu mtengo wa Boma ambiri a zachuma.

chuma mchere

Mu nkhokwe zawo Far East ali ndi udindo waukulu ku boma latsopano la Russia. Ndi buku, tini, boron, alipo pano, antimony mu dongosolo la 95% wa chiwerengero cha chuma m'dziko. Pa fluorspar ndi Mercury nkhani pafupifupi 60% Tungsten - 24%, zitsulo, apatite, sulfure mbadwa ndi kutsogolera - 10%. Mu Republic of Sakha, mu gawo kumpoto-kumadzulo, ndi chigawo diamondiferous, yaikulu mu dziko. Madipoziti "Aikhal" "Mtendere", "opambana" amapanga oposa 80% ya nkhokwe okwana diamondi mu Russia. Kutsimikiziridwa nkhokwe za zitsulo kum'mwera nkhani Yakutia zoposa 4 biliyoni. M. Izi pafupifupi 80% ya m'buku oyandikana. Chochititsa chidwi malo amenewa ndi Ayuda Autonomous Region. Mu South Yakutsky Lena mabeseni ndi madipoziti lalikulu la malasha. madipoziti ake imapezekanso mwa Khabarovsk, Primorsky Magawo, dera Amur. Mu Republic of Sakha, Magadan dera ndi wotseguka ndipo anayamba placer ndi lode madipoziti zagolide. madipoziti ofanana apezeka ku Khabarovsk zigawo Primorsky. Pa malo awa ndi cholinga migodi tungsten ndi malata ores. Kutsogolera ndi nthaka nkhokwe ali anaikira makamaka mu Primorsky Gawo. Mu Khabarovsk Gawo ndi Region Amur yafotokozedwa titanovorudnaya Province. Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba, palinso sanali zachitsulo mchere madipoziti. Izi, makamaka, miyala ya laimu, fireclay, graphite, sulfure, khwatsi mchenga.

malo geostrategic

DFO n'kofunika kwambiri geopolitical chifukwa la Russia. Apa pali mwayi m'nyanja ziwiri: Arctic ndi Pacific. Popeza mlingo mkulu wa chitukuko cha dera Asia-Pacific, kusakanikirana mu DFO ndi zingamuthandize kwambiri chifukwa lawo lapansi. Ndi njira oyenera pa ntchito nkhanza za m'banja akhoza kukhala "mlatho" m'chigawo Asia-Pacific.

Mzinda wa East Far Russia: mndandanda

Pakuti madera akuluakulu matauni monga Vladivostok, Khabarovsk. Mizindayo ndi Russia ndi zofunika kwambiri chuma ndi Geo-oonekera kwa Chitaganya cha Russia. zingamuthandize kwambiri ndi Blagoveshchensk, Komsomolsk pa-Amur, Nakhodka, Ussuriisk. Chofunika kwambiri ndi lonse dera Yakutsk. Tikumbukenso kuti pali midzi pangozi. Ambiri a iwo zili Chukotka. Ichi ndi chifukwa makamaka m'madera kufikako ndi mavuto nyengo.