Russian zofunika nyengo zinthu. ndi zinthu nyengo-Russian chiyani?

zinthu nyengo - zikhalidwe za mapangidwe zina mtundu wa nyengo. Izi zimapangitsa kuti bwanji kutentha mpweya, mvula ndi zizindikiro zina zofunika. Taganizani mmene zofunika Mfundo Russia - mayiko dziko mwa malo.

cheza dzuwa, kumpoto ndi zinthu zina nyengo

Nyenyezi ya dongosolo lathu - ndiwo kutentha pa Dziko Lapansi. cheza ndi cheza dzuwa milingo - chimodzi mwa zifukwa zofunika kwambiri mapangidwe nyengo. Chifukwa sphericity dziko ngodya cheza wosiyana pa equator mu kotentha ndi M'madera a zitunda kumalo ozizira. Koma osati chikhalidwe ichi Mzimuyo kodi kutentha ndi nthawi ya chaka m'madera ena. Pali ena akuluakulu nyengo zinthu:

• makope mpweya misa;
• madera kumpoto;
• mbali mpumulo;
• mmene nyanja, nyanja, moyandikana a m'mayiko ena.

cheza dzuwa

Osati cheza onse a nyenyezi wathu ufikira padziko lapansi, ndi mtengo wa mphamvu lilinkudza anatsimikiza ndi malo a m'derali zimadalira zifukwa zina. Part wa kuwala (20%) zimaonekera mwa zigawo chapamwamba ya mpweya. About 30% ndi akakufunsani mitambo fumbi ndi madontho madzi. Kuchuluka kwa ndalama cheza mwachindunji ndi kuwabalalitsa kufika dziko mwakhama chipolopolo. Mu mawonekedwe otsiriza zimatulutsa ndi odzipereka ndipo ananyezimiritsa cheza.

Mayamwidwe zimadalira kutentha yeniyeni ndi matenthedwe madutsidwe wa padziko chimapangitsa. Madzi ali mkulu enieni kutentha mphamvu, nyanja ndi nyanja kuyamwa 95% mwachindunji dzuwa cheza, pang'onopang'ono kudziunjikira kutentha m'chilimwe, yozizira kubayidwa pang'onopang'ono. chipale chofewa, ayezi kuyamwa 15% ndi kulingaliranso 85% cheza amene wafika pamwamba. Pakuti wakuda nthaka reflectance - 4%.

Nyengo zinthu - zifukwa zogwirizana mapangidwe nyengo. Nazi zitsanzo za zochitika pa cheza bwino zinthu zina. Choncho, pa dera la Russia pamene amayenda kumpoto kum'mwera kwa okwana cheza dzuwa yafupika ndi za 2,7 nthawi. Pa Sakhalin Island ili nyanja ya Okhotsk kum'mawa Russia, mitambo kusonyeza 70% kuwala kwa dzuwa. Chifukwa ndi nyengo aukali kwambiri kuposa M'madera a zitunda chomwecho mwa kumtunda.

mumlengalenga kufalitsidwa

zifukwa zazikulu mapangidwe ndi kayendedwe ka woipa yaikulu mpweya - padzikoli m'goli Kutentha dzuwa. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu kukhazikitsidwa kwa kuthamanga osiyana mumlengalenga pa dziko. Kaperekedwe misa mpweya zimadalira malo mapangidwe awo, kuti apambana pa mpweya nyanja nyanja, ndi onyowa, kumtunda - youma chokhala. Chidule kalata zizindikiro mitundu awiriwa - ankalemekeza M ndi K. Pophunzira zinthu nyengo-Russian, onetsetsani pofotokoza atatu mitundu ikuluikulu ya misa mpweya - kozizira, kotentha ndi otentha. Iwo akhoza kukhala m'madzi ndi chokhala. Gwiritsani achidule amenewa: MAV, CAV, MSY, IMC, MTV, KTV.

Mitundu ofala misa mpweya anatsimikiza yovuta nyengo ndi nyengo mbali:

• mumlengalenga kuthamanga;
• kutentha wosanjikiza pamwamba pa mlengalenga;
• malangizo zonse mphepo;
• chilungamo cha mlengalenga;
• chinyezi.

Air misa ndi kusintha, kusintha katundu wawo thupi, ikuyenda pamwamba pa dziko lapansi kuchokera dera wina ndi mzake.

kumpoto kwa chirengedwe

Chiŵerengero pakati pa ndalama zolowa ndi wa dzuwa cheza - cheza bwino - mmodzi wa zinthu zazikulu nyengo. Zingamvekere ikukhudzana ulamuliro wa nthaka ndi pamalo ena a m'mlengalenga m'munsi. Ku cheza bwino zimadalira evaporation wa madzi, kusintha kwa khwimbi lalikulu mpweya, moyo wa munthu ndi zomera. Koma kodi waukulu nyengo zinthu? Izi kumpoto - mtunda kuchokera equator m'dera ankafufuza pa dziko lapansili.

Mu July, mbali pakati pa matabwa ndi pamwamba pansi kumpoto kotentha zounikira ndi pafupifupi 90 °. Ndiye, pa wagawo m'dera mphamvu, heats mphamvu dziko, ndipo Kuchokera m'menemo - mlengalenga. The kutali ndi equator ndi kotentha, ndi yozizira.

Mphamvu ya kumpoto pa nyengo Russia

Taonani zotsatira za nyengo Chinthu chachikulu pa chitsanzo cha la Russia. Dziko umachokera ku achisanu Arctic ku mayiko a Caucasus, ku gombe Baltic kuti Chukotka ndi nyanja ya Pacific Ocean. Nyengo zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera ndi ku kummawa mpaka kumadzulo. A mpweya kotentha, nthawi zambiri kugonjetsa ozizira mpweya misa ku Arctic bwanji Siberia anticyclone yonyowa mpweya Atlantic.

Great zosiyanasiyana, koma kwa Russia zofunika nyengo Chinthu ndi mtunda kuchokera dziko. Akamayenda kumalire a kum'mwera kwa dziko kumawonjezera phindu cheza cha dzuwa. Kwambiri kudera lozizira ndi North Pole, ndi yozizira. Motero, ufulu wa zimatengera makamaka zinthu yaitali nyengo m'madera osiyana a dziko.

Thandizo, zotsatira za mayiko ndi nyanja - mfundo nyengo

Sakutanthauza kufalitsa kutentha mpweya mosamalitsa angamvere lamulo la zonation latitudinal ndi zimatengera yekha cheza dzuwa. Ngati ife kulumikiza mizere ya mizinda ya ku Russia ndi kutentha ofanana chilimwe, n'zosavuta kuona kuti pa July isotherms zili makamaka ankalemekeza kumpoto. Koma mu gawo European la Russia isotherm January 0, -8, -10 ° C kugona Kemi kuposa Siberia. Kumafeŵetsa nyengo ya dera ku Urals mphamvu ya Atlantic ndi mafunde ake ofunda.

Meridional unyolo Ural Mountains inali kuchedwa chinyezi komanso mpweya ku Atlantic. Pa gombe la Pacific Ocean pa July isotherm n'chozama kupitirira pa M'madera a zitunda chomwecho mu dziko, chifukwa zotsatira za m'chilimwe yamvula ndi kufalikira pachilumba cha Sakhalin, ndi cheza anabalalika. Pakumuka kwa m'mapiri kutentha kugwa ngakhale pa ufulu chomwecho.

Siberia High (Siberia anticyclone)

Pa dera la Mongolia kuchokera November kuti March chimakhala chogwidwa ndi malo a mumlengalenga, kuthamanga. Ndimapanga misa mpweya ndi kutentha otsika kuchokera CAV akubwera kuchokera kumpoto. Pa nthawi ino ya chaka ndi nyengo m'chigawo pafupifupi kwa anthu Pacific Ocean. Mapiri a kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa Siberia kupewa kufalikira utakhazikika mpweya. Zotsatira zake zimakhala otsika ku Russia ndi kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi kutentha wosanjikiza pamwamba pa mlengalenga (-40 kwa -70 ° C).

Kutentha inversions zimachitika pamene ozizira mpweya stagnates ku matendawa, ndi. Ndiye, pa za 2km otentha ndi za + 10 ... + 20 ° C kuposa mu matendawa, ndi pamwamba pa madzi. Kupeza kunja mfundo zomwe zili nyengo-taona kuti m'pofunika zimayambitsa osati kokha, komanso kuphatikiza zinthu dera.

mapangidwe nyengo

Pakati ndi kumpoto kwa gawo European la Russia imagwera mpweya kuposa ufulu chomwecho kum'mawa Siberia. Kumadzulo kwa dziko umabwera kuchokera Atlantic MSY, chimapambana chimphepochi ntchito (kutentha otsika, Matalala Osungunuka, kusamba). The Arctic Circle pang'ono mvula, ndinamverera mphamvu ya CAV, chinyezi osauka. Mu Siberia ndi Urals chokhala ndi nyengo ndi osiyana zigawo Loona za dziko. Chilimwe ali ndi ofunda ndi waufupi yozizira - yaitali, ozizira kwambiri.

Kum'mwera, m'chigawo Astrakhan kwambiri anakhudzidwa ndi zinthu nyengo: Hrs kumpoto ndi kugwirizana mtengo cheza cha dzuwa, mumlengalenga kufalitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo yaikulu nyengo ndi nyengo ya chilimwe youma ndi yotentha KTV, amene wabwera kuchokera Kazakhstan ndi ku Central Asia. Chiphaso cha misa mpweya chomwecho pa Black Sea gombe la Russia Kutsekeledwa ranges mapiri ataliatali.

zinthu zosonyeza Kamchatka aumbike mwa osakaniza nyanja ndi mtundu nyengo zikuchepa chokhala. Derali amakhala ndi kusintha kawirikawiri mu nyengo, mphepo yamphamvu, mvula kwambiri yozizira - mu mawonekedwe a kunagwa chipale chofewa lolemera.

zida nyengo

Lodziwa zinthu zimene nyengo, ife lolunjika kwenikweni kusintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndiponso zochitika. Amafuna kufotokoza mfundo monga kuwonjezeka pafupifupi kutentha pachaka mpweya mvula mokhazikika khumi zapitazi. Ndi lamulo achilengedwe, kapena chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo opangidwa?

A yankho zobweretsa funso kuli kovuta kuti apereke. Osati kuchepa mikangano ngati nyengo chida ntchito, analenga kapena monga otukuka. Makamaka yogwira anali kukambirana pa kwambiri kutentha mu Russia m'chilimwe cha 2010. Kutentha m'chigawo chapakati chinali 10 ° C kuposa pafupifupi m'derali. Chaka anali owoneka bwino kwambiri kuyambira m'ma XIX. Iliyonse yaikulu moto nkhalango, panali funde la imfa mwa anthu.

Nyengo chida - njira kulamulira nyengo zolinga asilikali. mdani akuvutika zomvetsa chifukwa cha zipolowe achilengedwe (chilala, madzi osefukira). Pa chilengedwe cha nyengo ya zida United States ndi Soviet Union, asayansi anayamba ntchito cha m'ma lomaliza. Zimenezi ndi zosiyana ndi panganoli UN, yomwe imaletsa ntchito asilikali njira zachilengedwe kusinthidwa. Boma US amakana chikoka yokumba pa mlengalenga kuti kuvutitsa States ena, anthu ndi chilengedwe.