Rzhev-Sychevskaya ntchito: zolinga, zolinga, zotsatira imfa. Kodi woona zifukwa Rzhev- Sychevka yonyansa?

Sychevskaya Rzhev-opareshoni - mmodzi wa offensives zimenezo zimene anachita azambiriyakale Soviet. Pa izo sizinali ikunenedwa, chifukwa kwathunthu analephera. Rzhev-Sychevsky ntchito lagawidwa loyamba ndi lachiwiri ntchito zolawula. Ndi za iwo ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Choyamba Rzhev-Sychevskaya ntchito mu 1942 (June 30 - October 1): Cholinga

Cholinga cha tingalimbanirane - kugonjetsedwa kwa German 9 zitsanzo Army msilikali-General V. kuteteza ndi ziyerekezo wa Rzhev ndi Vyazma. Pambuyo asilikali Soviet alimba mtima ankamenyana kutali mlingo wathu likulu anagwa popindula euphoria. Onse anaganiza kuti anatsirizika ndi yojambula yomaliza nkhondo. Ndipo kuyambira 1942, asilikali athu anayamba ntchito mseru amene lisachitike ndi kupambana onse kumapeto kwa 1941. Rzhev-Sychevskaya ntchito kunali kupitiriza kwa wina yapita, Rzhev-Vyazma ntchito m'chaka cha 1942. M'masiku otsiriza ife tataya 700 zikwi. Man.

Rzhev-Sychevskaya zochita amanyansidwa ikuchitika chimodzimodzi amadzibisa awiri, amene anachititsa Rzhev-Vyazma ntchito: Kalinin lotsogoleredwa ndi msilikali-General I. S. Konevym ndi West, analamula General wa Army GK Zhukov. Last kuyang'anira ntchito lonse.

dongosolo

Dongosolo la kuukira chinali chakuti amadzibisa awiri anazungulira chitsanzo gulu. Kumanzere anachita Kalinin Front pa Rzhev malangizo, kumanja - pa West Sychevsky malangizo.

Chifukwa cha ntchito imeneyi, asilikali Soviet anafuna kulanda Rzhev, dzino, Sychovka, Gzhatsk, Vyazma. Pambuyo kuti kunali kotheka kwa kupeza ankamvetsa kumayambiriro kwa Volga Germany ndi pafupi ndi malo a Stalingrad ndi minda mafuta Caucasus.

Zigawo za opaleshoni

ntchito Main salembedwa ogaŵikana angapo m'dera:

• Rzhevskaya - unachitikira 30 Army wa Kalinin Front.
• Rzhev-Zubtsov - ikuchitika ichitikire ndi ziŵiri pambali.
• Pogorelov-Gorodishchenskaya - Western Front (20 Army).
• Gzhatskaya - zinachitikadi mwa magulu awiri ankhondo pa Western Front (5 ndi 33th).

mbali Soviet Mphamvu ya

Total nawo zisanu ndi manja, 2 ndi 5 Army Air Corps. Kupatulapo nyumba ziŵiri anali kuwagwiritsa 67 zidutswa awo zida zankhondo, 37 matope magawano, 21 oti muli nazo zida brigade. Gulu lonse anthu pafupifupi hafu miliyoni ndipo oposa 1.5 zikwi. Akasinja.

Nagonjetsa wa Kalinin Front

June 30 unkatchedwa amanyansidwa wa makamu 30 ndi 29. Lero zolemera mvula, koma dongosolo alibe asiyidwa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, asilikali anagumula chitetezo pa m'lifupi 9 Km ndi akuya 7 km. Pamaso Rzhev anakhalabe ena 5-6 makilomita. Kenako, asilikali anapita tipezenso mphamvu ndi 10 August anapitanso pa tingalimbanirane.

Zolawula ntchito zosiyanasiyana methodical pang'onopang'ono - 1-2 Km patsiku - gnawing chitetezo bwino zokhalamo mdani ndi zomvetsa yaikulu. Iwo anali pambuyo pake zinachitikira lonse cha 1942, asilikali a Soviet adzapita mofulumira malo zosayembekezereka, kugwiritsa ntchito njira za mwadzidzidzi ( "Opaleshoni Bagration", "Saturn", "Uranus" ndi ena.). Ndipo mu 1942, asilikali athu anapita ku kuliukira pa udindo kwambiri zokhalamo mosathandizidwa zida zankhondo ndi ndege. Only ndi 21 August 30-TH asilikali wotanganidwa Polunino.

Isanayambike Zhukov Army (Western Front)

Front Zhukov amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mofulumira kuukira Kalinin kutsogolo, pambuyo, malinga ndi lamulo Union, Germany tinawasamutsira ku zigawo ndi zolimba zina ndi tithe kumvetsa kumasulira mmodzi wa mapiko. Ndi iye ndipo anali atamumenya asilikali a Front Western pa 2 August.

Komabe, Kalinin Front bwino modzichepetsa zofooketsa chitetezo German. Kuti izi zikhoza anawonjezera mvula amphamvu kuti akulephera nagonjetsa. Zhukov zokakhala kutsogolo kwake amanyansidwa kwa August 4.

Pa August 4 asilikali a Western Front anakantha pafupi Pogorely n'chodabwitsa. Patsogolo wakhala kuposa asilikali a Konev: masiku awiri anagumula gawo kutsogolo kwa m'lifupi 18 Km ndi akuya 30 Km. 161st German oyenda Division anawonongedwa. Komabe, cholinga chachikulu mmene - kutengera perforation ndi Karmanovo - sichinayambe zimatheka.

C 4 mpaka August 8 anali kumenyana kuti afumye Vazuza ndipo pa August 9 inali yaikulu nkhondo akasinja, kutanthauza kuti anayenera 800 kwa akasinja 700 Soviet ndi German mu Karmanova m'deralo. Kugonjetsedwa akuopseza kumanzere pambali ya wachiwiri kutsogolo kwathu. Chifukwa wa Soviet grouping zolimba walimba ndi kumabungwe ena kutsogolo.

Chifukwa, ndi machenjerero a magulu German kuukira Union analephera. Anaganiza kutenga Karmanovo mphamvu zazikulu, zofooketsa ndi yaikulu Sychovka.

Lonse wa August ndi September, asilikali a Soviet anamenya nkhondoyo katundu kugwila silnoukreplennyh midzi yaing'ono. Chinthu chidwi kwambiri n'chakuti atagonjetsedwa la asilikali Soviet ndi kuwonongedwa kwa ankhondo lonse m'matawuni osafunika ndi m'midzi, dziko la Germany okha adawasiya iwo wopanda nkhondo kuti agwirizane mzere yodzitetezera.

September 27 Rzhev anakwanitsa kutenga, koma nkhokwe German kuti omasuka anagogoda asilikali athu kunja kwa mzinda. October 1 nkhondo inatha.

imfa

Chifukwa cha opusa Rzhev- Sychevka ndikupeleka zomvetsa anafika 300 zikwi. Man. Anthu ambiri anafa. Kuchepa kwa akasinja oposa 1 ths. Cars.

Ajeremani chilichonse 60 chikwi. Man Komabe, pafupifupi zikwi 50. Mwa iwo unalasidwa, T. E. Kodi kumbuyo mu kuchitapo pambuyo chipatala. kusiyana ndi zomvetsa yaikulu.

Ntchito yachiwiri Rzhev- Sychevskaya

Ntchito chachiwiri chinachitika ku November 25 December 20, 1942 chomwecho ziŵiri, monga woyamba. Ndipo akutsogolera zochita za asirikali athu ndi Zhukov chomwecho, koma nthawi iyi iye anapereka Western Front msilikali General MA Purkaevu. Ntchito lonse kunachitika pansi pa dzina kachidindo "Mars."

Cholinga cha ntchito inali yofanana ndi cha loyamba: Tengani Sychovka bwino zokhalamo, komwe likulu la zitsanzo V..

ntchito inathera ndi kugonjetsedwa wathunthu wa asilikali Soviet, koma pali lomwe ndi dziko la Germany makamaka analidziwitsa ntchito ya kulanda dziko lino mphamvu zonse zilipo. Chifukwa, izo zinayamba kutheka akupha Germany pa Stalingrad (Opaleshoni "Uranus") likuvutika pafupifupi wani miliyoni asilikali Zhukov a. Ndipo magulu ankhondo a ku Germany chabe analibe kumasula Paulo pa Stalingrad, pafupifupi nkhokwe onse ankaganiza pafupi Rzhev.

mbali Loss pambuyo opaleshoni "Mars"

Soviet chipani Adamu wachiwiri Rzhev- Sychevka ntchito pa 420 zikwi. Ntanda. Popeza kuvulala, Chiwerengerochi kufika 700. zikwi -. Anthu 1 miliyoni.

Loss wa ku Germany anakwana 40-45 zikwi. Man kuganizira akufa ndiwobvulazidwa.

zotsatira

1942 Onse kampeni mseru pafupifupi angaimbidwenso mwayi, amene anali atafika pa kauntala-amanyansidwa likulu lathu. Bwino Moscow zimawoneka ndimitambo maganizo a utsogoleri lankhondo la dziko, ndipo waiwala za mphamvu ya makina German nkhondo. Only imfa yosatha ya padziko theka miliyoni asilikali anabweranso ndi ziyenera amaona ngoziyo lonse la lopondereza kuwukira. Ndi kulephera kwa chaka 1942 anakhala precondition kwa opereka dongosolo nambala 227, lotchedwa "sitepe Osati wina kumbuyo". Komanso, chaka chino kampeni zinalephereka zinachititsa kuti adani a wotchuka ambiri Vlasov, analandira mphoto apamwamba Nkhondo ya Moscow.