Social ndi kwachilengedwenso mwa munthu. Philosophy: vuto la ubale wa chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe munthu

Chitukuko cha munthu ndi anthu chifukwa lathu chikhalidwe mu mapangidwe ubale pakati pa anthu. The kwambiri chikhalidwe cha munthu zachokera pa maziko chitukuko, zomwe zimaonekera mu maganizo, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe ntchito. Komabe, n'zosatheka kuderera mbali ya anthu a ku mitundu kwachilengedwenso, amene poyamba amatipatsa achibadwidwe chibadwa. Ena mwa iwo ndi chilakolako kupulumuka, kuberekana, ndi kusunga mbewu.

Ngakhale ngati tikambirana chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe munthu mwachidule, muli kutchula maziko mikangano akuwuka kwa chilengedwe wapawiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo pali malo ndi umodzi dialectical, amene amalola munthu azikhala ndi kulakalaka osiyanasiyana. Pa dzanja limodzi, ndi kufuna amanena ufulu wa munthu ndi dziko mtendere, koma ena - kupanga nkhondo ndi ziwawa.

zinthu Social ndi kwachilengedwenso

Kumvetsa mavuto kugwirizana zosowa chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe kuphunzira zambiri zokhudza zina zazikulu mbali zonse za munthu. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula za zinthu anthropogenesis. Wachibale zotsatira kwachilengedwenso, makamaka anatsindika chitukuko cha manja ndi ubongo, bipedalism, komanso luso kulankhula. Pakati pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri chikhalidwe kusiyanitsa ntchito kulumikizana, makhalidwe ndi kuchitira zinthu limodzi.

Kale chitsanzo cha zinthu zimene zili pamwamba, tinganene kuti mgwirizano wa chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe munthu si chovomerezeka koma pali organically. Chinthu china ndi kuti si kuletsa zotsutsana kuti kuthana zimatiyika pa ntchito.

Nkofunika kuzindikira kufunika kwa ntchito, m'modzi mwa zinthu zikuluzikulu mapangidwe munthu ano. Basi mu nthawi Mwachitsanzo izi momveka anafotokoza kugwirizana pakati pa awiri mabungwe mwakuwoneka zosiyana. Pa dzanja limodzi, bipedalism anamasulidwa dzanja ndi kupanga ogwira ntchito moyo, ndi pa zina - ndi anzake gulu walola kukuza kuthekera kudzikundikira akudziwa.

M'tsogolo, chikhalidwe ndi kwachilengedwenso munthu anayamba molumikizana pafupi, zomwe, ndithudi, sanali kukusalani zotsutsana. Kumvetsa kwa mtundu umenewu wa nkhondo ayenera kuphunzira zambiri za mfundo ziwiri kumvetsetsa chibadwa cha munthu.

biologizing lingaliro

Malinga ndi zimene amakhulupirirazi, munthu wokhalapo, ngakhale mu mtundu wa chikhalidwe, anapanga mchikakamizo cha majini ndi kwachilengedwenso prerequisites chitukuko. Makamaka kumbali ya lingaliro ili ndi otchuka sociobiology, amene chabe anafotokoza zochita za anthu zamoyo zinachita-kwachilengedwenso magawo. Malinga ndi udindo uwu, chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe mu moyo wa munthu pamlingo chifukwa chikoka cha kusanduka achilengedwe. Pa makhalidwe omwewo zogwirizana ndi nyama - mwachitsanzo, anatsindika nkhani ngati chitetezo panyumba ofuna okoma, kukondera ndi kutsatira malamulo a kugonana.

Pa nthawi imeneyi chitukuko cha sociobiology akufuna kuthetsa zokhudza chikhalidwe pamalo chilengedwe. Makamaka, anthu a azimuth wodziwika ngati zinthu kusonkhezera ufulu ndi udindo wa munthu, kufunika kuwagonjetsa ndi zachilengedwe mavuto, kufanana ndi zina zotero .. Ngakhale biologizing mfundo ndi cholinga chachikulu Cholinga kukhala pano jini dziwe, chimodzimodzi mwamsanga ndi vuto la ubale wa chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe mwa munthu, anafotokoza maganizo odana zaumunthu a sociobiology. Ena mwa iwo ndi amalembedwa magawano mitundu mfundo za lamulo mphamvu, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zamphamvu zokhazokha ngati chida kulimbana kuchulukana.

Sotsiologizatorskaya lingaliro

Against mfundo pamwamba ndi nthumwi sotsiologizatorskoy malingaliro kunenetsa za ulamuliro wa kufunika chiyambi chikhalidwe. Mwakucimbidza tisaiwale kuti, malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi, anthu amatenga kuposa munthu.

Zimenezi wa chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe chitukuko anthu yafotokozedwera kwambiri timasewero kusewera chiphunzitso umunthu ndi structuralism. Malangizo awa, ndi njira, akatswiri Chaanthu, ntchito, maphunziro, zilankhulo, maphunziro chikhalidwe, ethnology ndi khalidwe zina.

Otsatira structuralism amakhulupirira kuti anthu - mbali yaikulu ya malo omwe alipo kale ndi subsystems anthu. Mtundu womwewo si anthu ake constituent, komanso maubwenzi komanso kugwirizana zinthu payekha subsystem lapansi. Choncho, munthu ali chosakanikirana ndi anthu.

No zochepa chidwi ndi udindo chiphunzitso, ndipo n'chifukwa chake chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe mwa munthu. Philosophy ndi udindo uwu kuganizira maonekedwe a munthu monga chiwerengero chonse cha udindo wake usathe. Pankhaniyi, malamulo chikhalidwe, miyambo ndi zikhulupiliro ali wapachiyambi Buku imene zochita za anthu. Vuto la njira imeneyi ndi kukonza tcheru kokha khalidwe la anthu popanda kutenga nkhani za peculiarities wa dziko wamumtima.

Kumvetsa vuto psychoanalysis mawonedwe

Pakati pa ziphunzitso absolutizes chikhalidwe ndi zamoyo ili psychoanalysis, Mudali maganizo chachitatu pa chikhalidwe cha munthu. M'pake kuti mu nkhani iyi, mu malo kaye chiyambi m'maganizo. Mlengi wa chiphunzitso ndi Sigmund Freud, amene ankakhulupirira kuti zolinga zonse anthu ndi zolimbikitsa kugona mu kukomoka. Mu nkhani iyi, chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe munthu wasayansi ankamuona ngati akamanena za kupanga mgwirizano. Mwachitsanzo, mbali chikhalidwe cha dongosolo, izo zimayambitsa taboos chikhalidwe komanso kuchepetsa ntchito ya chikomokere.

otsatira Freud akhale chiphunzitso cha pa gulu chikomokere, lomwe kale anaona kukondera kwa zinthu chikhalidwe. Malinga ndiAmene chiphunzitso, ndi kuya maganizo wosanjikiza, amene anaika mafano titadziwa. Mu inakulitsidwa ndi mfundo mosadziŵa chikhalidwe, chimene anayamba mfundo kuphatikiza makhalidwe ofanana chofuna kuchita zambiri za anthu a m'gulu. Komabe, vuto la chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe munthu ndi udindo wa psychoanalysis ndipo osati kutchula. Ife analibe olemba ndi maganizo ndi umodzi dialectical wa zachilengedwe, zakakhalidwe ndi maganizo. Ndipo zimenezi ngakhale kuti asapita chikhalidwe amakonzedwa molumikizana pafupi mwa mfundozi.

Biosocial chitukuko anthu

Monga ulamuliro, mfundo zonse zifukwa za chilengedwe komanso chikhalidwe ngati zofunika kwambiri munthu timakumana ndi kutsutsa kwambiri mwankhanza. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ndi kosatheka kupereka otsogolera mu mapangidwe munthu ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu gulu limodzi lokha la zinthu, kunyalanyaza ena. Choncho, zikuoneka zambiri tikhoza kuyang'ana pa munthu monga munthu biosocial.

Kugwirizana pakati pa mfundo ziwiri zofunika mu nkhani iyi, potsindika zimakhudza awo chonse pa chitukuko cha munthu ndi dziko. Amapereka chitsanzo cha mwana, kumene zingakhalepo ndi zonse zofunikira mu mawu kukhala thanzi, koma popanda anthu kumakhaladi wathunthu anthu wokhalapo. Only chiŵerengero mulingo woyenera wa chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe munthu akhoza kupanga izo membala zonse kunachitika wa anthu masiku ano.

Kunja zochita za anthu nokha ndinu zifukwa za chilengedwe simungathe kupanga umunthu wa mwanayo. Pali chinthu china cha mphamvu chikhalidwe zamoyo wa anthu, umene uli kukumana zofunika mawonekedwe a chirengedwe mwa zinthu zosangalatsa.

Mukhoza tione ku mbali ina pa biosocial munthu, popanda kuchita mzimu wake. Ngakhale kufunika mbali yamakolo, zinthu zachilengedwe ali m'gulu angapo patsogolo. Osangoti kudzera kwa anzake organic ndi afika pa chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe mwa munthu. Mwachidule atchule zofuna zamoyo wowonjezera cikhalidwe, angakhale chitsanzo cha kubereka ana, kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya, kugona ndi zina zotero. D.

Lingaliro la chikhalidwe Integrated chikhalidwe

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa malingaliro, imene masamba malo ofanana kuganizira anthu onse. Nthawi zambiri ankaona ngati maganizo ndi chikhalidwe Integrated chikhalidwe, mwa zomwe n'zotheka organic kuphatikiza chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe munthu ndi anthu. Okhulupirira chiphunzitso chimenechi, taganizirani munthu monga munthu chikhalidwe, zomwe akuzisunga makhalidwe onse ndi malamulo a dera achilengedwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe mu umunthu simatsutsana mzake ndipo amathandiza kuti chitukuko ogwirizana. Akatswiri sindikukana chikoka cha aliyense wa zinthu chitukuko ndi kuyesetsa bwino oyenera chithunzi chonse cha mapangidwe munthu.

Social ndi kwachilengedwenso vuto

Nthawi ya anthu positi-mafakitale sangathe koma kusiya amaonekera ake pa njira ya zochita za anthu, pansi pa prism wa zimenezi ndi mbali ya zinthu za makhalidwe. Ngati patsogolo chikhalidwe ndi kwachilengedwenso munthu anapanga Pamlingo waukulu mchikakamizo cha ntchito zinthu masiku a moyo, mwatsoka, pafupifupi minimizes kugwira ntchito ya munthu.

Zikamera zipangizo zatsopano luso ndi mwayi patsogolo zofuna za thupi, imbaenda ku mismatch pakati pa zolinga za chikhalidwe ndi zofunika mwamsanga wa munthu. Pa mamembala yemweyo nthawi ya anthu ambiri pansi mavuto socialization. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chiŵerengero cha chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe munthu amakhalabe pa mlingo chomwecho kumadera pali sizingatisokoneze njira ya njira ndi kayendedwe ka moyo.

Njira kuthetsa disharmony

Kugonjetsa mkangano kwachilengedwenso njira chikhalidwe chimathandiza utumiki ano ndi chitukuko zomangamanga. Pankhaniyi, patsogolo luso, Komano, n'chofunikira zabwino anthu. Tikumbukenso kuti kukula tsogolo zotheka zosowa anthu wogwila latsopano, kuti zikathandizire anthu amene ali ndi zochita zina kuti amakulolani efficiently kubwezeretsa maganizo ndi thupi la munthu.

Pankhaniyi, chikhalidwe ndi kwachilengedwenso munthu ophatikizana utumiki m'deralo. Mwachitsanzo, kukhala ndi ubwenzi wabwino ndi anthu ena a anthu, anthu amagwiritsa ntchito zida, kulimbikitsa kuchira thupi. Motero, kuletsa chitukuko kwa makhalidwe a anthu sindikuyankhula. zinthu chitukuko kusintha pamodzi ndi chinthu yokha.

Vuto la ubale wa chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe munthu

Mwa mavuto waukulu mu Kupenda chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe munthu ayenera kukhala mtheradi mmodzi wa makhalidwe amenewa. monyanyira pa mfundo zazikulu za munthu kupewedwa kudziwa mavuto omwe zimangochitika mwa zotsutsana mu zinthu zosiyanasiyana za chitukuko. Lero, akatswiri ambiri amati kuganizira chikhalidwe ndi kwachilengedwenso munthu yekha. Kudzera njira imeneyi ndipo akutchula vuto lalikulu la ubale wa mabungwe awiri - ndi mikangano komwe kumachitika nthawi kuphedwa kwa ntchito pagulu, moyo, etc. Mwachitsanzo, gulu kwachilengedwenso mukhoza kupeza ikutenga mu mpikisano - .. Panthawiyo, monga mbali ya chikhalidwe M'malo mwake, amafuna chilengedwe cha ntchito ndi kupeza kukondera.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale patsogolo kwambiri m'madera ambiri a sayansi, mafunso a anthropogenesis kwakukulukulu osayankhidwa. Lang'anani, sitingathe kunena chimodzimodzi zomwe amatenga gawo chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe mwa munthu. Philosophy nkhope ndi mfundo zatsopano za phunziro la funso limeneli, lomwe kale kuonekera pa maziko a kusintha makono a munthu ndi dziko. Koma pali mfundo zina za mgwirizano wa maganizo. Mwachitsanzo, n'zoonekeratu kuti ndondomeko ya kusanduka kwachilengedwenso ndi chikhalidwe kubwera pamodzi. Ndi funso la majini chifukwa chikhalidwe, koma phindu sali yemweyo. Ntchito yaikulu akadali analipereka kwa jini imene akukhala chifukwa mtheradi ambiri zolinga ndi zochita opangidwa ndi munthu.