Sphagnum bogs - mtundu wa madambo aakulu. Sphagnum peat bog

Mu M'madera a zitunda kotentha makamaka nkhuni ndi Titafika pamalo zigawo aumbike mitundu ngati madambo aakulu monga bogs sphagnum. The zomera osakhala mwa iwo - sphagnum Moss, chifukwa chimene iwo ali dzina lawo.

mafotokozedwe

Iwo bogs, omwe makamaka amapangidwa mu otsika ndi chinyezi. Kuchokera pamwamba iwo okutidwa ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza wa sphagnum (woyera Moss), ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri. Iye bwino zimafalitsidwa, monga ulamuliro, omwe pali wosanjikiza humus.

Pansi zomera ndi acidic, osauka madzi zikuchokera ndi okhutira otsika kwambiri wa oxygen. zinthu zimenezi ndi zosafunika kwathunthu miyoyo ya zamoyo zambiri amoyo, monga mabakiteriya ndi kuwola. Choncho, mitengo wagwa, mungu, zinthu organic si linakwiriridwa anasunga pa zaka.

mitundu

Sphagnum bogs angakhale osiyana mu maonekedwe. kawirikawiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe otukukira kunja, T. Kwa. Moss limakula mwamphamvu kwambiri pafupi pakati, kumene madzi amenewa makamaka otsika. Pa periphery wa zinthu kubalana ake sakhala yabwino. Nthawi zina pali lathyathyathya woboola pakati m'madambo. kusiyana A amadziwikanso m'nkhalango ndi wosatembenuka.

Khalidwe loyamba la kum'mawa kwa Ulaya ndi Siberia, kumene kutchulidwa chokhala ndi nyengo. Treeless sphagnum bogs akupezeka mu zinthu zambiri chinyezi nyengo amene kwambiri khalidwe la chakum'mawa kwa dera la ku Ulaya.

Origin sphagnum bogs

Anapeza kuti m'madambo kale inakhazikitsidwa pa 400 miliyoni zapitazo. Modern sphagnum peat bog - ndi chifukwa cha kusanduka yaitali. Pambuyo ayezi zaka anali m'madera madzi, waukulu ndi peat-kupanga zomera zomwe akhala udzu ndiponso ndere. Mapangidwe peaty dothi chifukwa mu malo acidic. Mogwirizana kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana miyala, thupi komanso malo zinachitika chotchedwa sushi waterlogging kapena pang'onopang'ono Madamu overgrowth. Ena mwa m'madambo anayamba atakwera: chakudya kwathunthu chifukwa mvula.

bogs Sphagnum ndizodzazidwa ndi madzi ndi monga pa disolo. The mpweya palibe salt mchere, kotero zithaphwi ngati anthu zomera ndinazolowera chosowa chakudya: ndere makamaka sphagnum, udzu ndi zitsamba yaing'ono.

peat mapangidwe

Akufa zomera particles kuti kudziunjikira pachaka bogs sphagnum, kupanga zigawo mwachilungamo lalikulu zinthu organic. Pang'onopang'ono, akusinthika mu peat. Zimenezi zimakhudza zinthu zina: chinyezi kwambiri, kutentha otsika ndiponso kusapezeka pafupifupi oxygen. Zotsalira za zomera akufa sizidzawonongedwa pamene kusunga mawonekedwe ake ndipo ngakhale mungu. Mwa kuphunzira zitsanzo peat asayansi kudziwa mmene nyengo zachitika mu dera, komanso kusintha nkhalango zinachitika.

Sphagnum bogs kusunga nkhokwe lalikulu la peat, amene akutumikira munthu nkhuni, choncho ndi zofunika kwambiri chuma.

sphagnum Moss

Lalikulu ntchito pa bogs zomera masewero sphagnum Moss. Iwo ali dongosolo achirendo kwambiri. Reniform sprig anaika pamwamba pa tsinde, mu mbali m'munsi - whorls nthambi yaitali anakonza horizontally. Masamba wapangidwa ndi maselo osiyanasiyana, ena amene amagwira ntchito zina kwambiri ndipo lili chlorophyll. maselo ena kanthu, colorless ndi akuluakulu ndi mpando wa chinyezi ngati siponji kuti zimatenga ndi kuchuluka kwa kudzera mabowo anapereka mu mthunzi. Iwo amakhala padziko lonse pepala ¾. Chifukwa gawo limodzi awo sphagnum angathe kungolandira madzi. Moss amapereka wabwino pachaka kukula, mu chaka chimodzi, iye akula 6-8 cm.

zomera zina ndi sphagnum bogs

Pa nsalu ya muofesiyo Moss akhoza kukula zomera zokha zimene pomwepo kenaka ndi ofukula kapena pang'ono otsamira. Izi zili choncho makamaka thonje udzu, sedge, cloudberries, cranberries, ndi ena zitsamba, amene nthambi zingabweretse mizu adventitious, pamene mmunsi akuyamba kubisala Moss wandiweyani. zomera imanenanso Heather, rosemary, nyenyezi yaing'ono birch ndi T. D. kiranberi kufalikira pamwamba pa Moss yaitali akulankhula mokalipa, sundew chaka mitundu ndi Rosette masamba atagona pa machira sphagnum. Pali pano ndi ena zomera herbaceous Russia: sphagnum bogs amakhala sundew, bladderwort, sedge. Okuti sphagnum Moss, iwo onse amakonda apamwamba ndi apamwamba kuti musunthe awo kukula. Ambiri zomera losiyana aafupi ndi masamba yaing'ono yobiriwira.

Mitengo mu chithaphwi inu mukhoza zambiri kuona mitengo ya paini. Ngakhale kuti zambiri zikuwoneka yosiyana kuposa amene ikukula pa mchenga mnza-. The thunthu, wophuka pouma amakhala wochepa, wandiweyani. Marsh ndi kungokhala pamodzimodzi paini (palibe mamita oposa awiri mkulu), zosamveka. masingano ake lalifupi ndi cones yaing'ono konse. The mtanda gawo la thunthu woonda mukhoza kuona ambiri mphete pachaka.

Mitengo padziko paini-sphagnum bogs, ndi mizu adventitious. Choncho, iwo pang'onopang'ono kukhala inamera peat. Amapezeka mu madzi akuya, mizu sangathenso okwanira masamba chinyezi chokwanira, kuchititsa paini kufota ndi kufa.

Kugwiritsa m'madambo munthu

Great phindu monga magwero peat bog madipoziti, ntchito ngati mafuta, komanso gwero mphamvu kwa chiwerengero cha zomera. Komanso, peat ntchito zaulimi: apita ku fetereza, zofunda ziweto. Makampani, zikhale za matabwa zokutira zitsulo, mankhwala osiyanasiyana (methyl mowa, paraffin, creosote ndi zina zotero. D.).

zofunika kwambiri zachuma zomwe zili sphagnum bogs, ndiwo locus waukulu wa mabulosi tchire: kiranberi, cloudberry, blueberries.

Zotsatira zotsatira anthropogenic

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ntchito zachuma, imbaenda anthu zithaphwi kapena malo pafupi, amachititsa kusintha chithaphwi zomera. Zimenezi ziyenera zimachitika kukhetsa zithaphwi, moto, odyetserako, kugwetsa mitengo gasket misewu ndi mapaipi. Zomera m'madambo pafupi malo mafakitale, kawirikawiri amadwala kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, nthaka.

Kuchotsa glades itatu iriyonse limodzi ndi kugwetsa paini, imbaenda kukula kwa madambo aakulu zitsamba, limodzi ndi birch. Sphagnum Moss pang'ono ndi pang'ono m'malo brievymi.

Chifukwa cha moto, nthawi zambiri zimachitika nthawi ya chilala, zomera amatopa amapezeka. Pa malo awa chithaphwi pamwamba ali ndi wambirimbiri phulusa, amene amalenga malo zakudya mchere. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chakuti m'malo kuyambira moto zochuluka kukula thonje udzu, Andromeda, mabulosi abulu, rosemary zakutchire ndi birch kuonekera.

Kukhetsa zithaphwi imachitika kwa peat, ntchito zaulimi, kulima nkhalango, ndi zina zotero. D. Izi kumachepetsa mlingo wa madzi subsoil, kukulitsa njira zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni ndi mineralization zinthu organic. Zonsezi kumabweretsa kuchepetsa madipoziti peat, kukukulirakulira wa birch lapansi. Cranberries ndi cloudberries pang'onopang'ono m'malo ndi udzu thonje, ndi sphagnum Moss - nkhalango.

amadza munthu pa chithaphwi kumabweretsa kusintha kugwira ntchito za masiku onse malo lonse, ndipo kenako kuphwanya bwino zachilengedwe m'chilengedwe.