The chimbuzi cha Russia. Russia High mapiri

Mbiri yakale, kuti madera Russian chimakwirira Ulaya ndi Asia. Ndipo ngati mbali ya kumadzulo ya dziko pa mbalambanda, kutsidya lija la mapiri a Ural M'malo mwake, ali ndi yaikulu kwambiri m'mapiri.

Kwambiri mkulu mapiri Russia - Caucasus. Ofufuza ndi geographers udindo osiyana nawo kapena mbali Loona za dziko, kapena a Asia. Pachimake pamwamba pa Alps - Mont Blanc (4810 m) - ndi mmene wolephera wake "mpikisano" Russian. Caucasus chimphona chimaposa m'njira zambiri.

nsonga apamwamba

The chimbuzi cha Russia - ndi phiri lotchedwa phiri Elbrus, lili kumalire a Kabardino-Balkaria ndi Karachay-Cherkess Republic, ndondomeko 43 ° 21'11 "N 42 ° 26'13" kum'mawa longitude. Peak ali ndi mawonekedwe conical, lili kumpoto kwa Caucasus ndi kumaoneka mazana makilomita.

Awiri osiyana kuphulika-nsonga anapanga tsiku lina tectonic. Nthawi zina kutalika kwa phiri Elbrus zosiyanasiyana zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga n'komwe chimodzi chokha cha nsonga ya. East phirilo (5621 m) imatengedwa kuti ndi achinyamata ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe tingachipeze powerenga za mbale Chigwa. West pachimake (chimbuzi cha Russia) ukufika 5642 m, ndi zambiri wakale osweka. Mtunda pakati pa apices za makilomita khumi.

mudziwe Hrs

Elbrus ndi pa mpumulo, koma njira chiphala izo sanaleke ndipo anapitiriza kukhala pa akuya 6-7 Km.

Phiri otsetsereka makamaka mosabisa, koma ndi kuwuka kwa kuposa 4 Km a m'zigwa za kuyandikira madigiri 35. mbali za kumadzulo ndi kumpoto mfundo zambiri phompho, otsetsereka ofukula phompho kungakhale kwa mamita 700.

Pamwamba 3500 meters okutidwa ndi madzi oundana yaikulu ndi malo okwana 145 Km ^2, lomwe umatha pansi pa icefalls. Ofunda mpweya otentha Caucasus zigwa meltwater chisanu Elbrus zisoti kupanga akasupe okongola ndi mitsinje ikuluikulu dera - Malki, Baksan ndi Kuban.

Maere nsonga chofewa chili pamwamba okutidwa ndi mwala scree. Ambiri mwa miyala mpaka lubwe, gneiss, diabase ndi mankhwala ena chiphala chiyambi wakale.

Elbrus ngati chimbuzi cha Russia anatambasula kwa mazana makilomita wa chisanu ake ndi ayezi chachikulu, kwa zaka mamilioni ndiyo nyengo ndi nyengo ya m'zigwa, m'tsinde ndi zambiri madera ozungulira nyanjayi.

osaweruzika kutalika

Location Caucasus mapiri amalenga malo zovuta okwera. hypoxia mlingo kuposa ya Tibet ndi HimalayasI. Izi osakaniza ndi otsika kutentha ndi kozizira nyengo ya Mount Elbrus mu anagonjetsa pamwamba liyenela yolimbikitsa ya maluso onse thupi, zinthu zambiri ndi luso kukwera.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba chimbuzi cha Russia unawonongedwa mu 1829 ndi kukaona kutsogoleredwa ndi General Emanuelya G. A. Hunter Balkaria - Ahia Sottayev - yoyamba kukaona nsonga ziwiri, ndi pa zaka zana ndi makumi awiri ndi chimodzi kachiwiri anakwera m'phiri. Elbrus tsopano wamba, ndipo n'zotheka kuti maulendo angapo bwino cholinga ndi angagulidwe. Peak pakati asanu kwambiri ankasirira ndi okwera kugonjetsa dziko lonse lapansi. Koma M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti pamwamba sioneka ndi zosiyanasiyana oundana oopsa chaka akutenga miyoyo pafupifupi 10 okwera.

lowoneka Elbrus

Wowoneka phiri otsetsereka zogwira nthawi dilapidated mu epics ndi, nkhani, nthano epics. Bright ndi maluwa zigwa interspersed ndi chisanu ndi oundana anabala otsetsereka miyala. Mu ngodya chinsinsi cha mapiri lalikulu ndi lowoneka mapanga chobisika, entailing caving okonda. Mu achisangalalo ndi ngodya Otetezedwa Elbrus kugunda kochokera wapadera wa madzi mchere ndi otchuka kwa mankhwala.

Tamasulira kuchokera ku chinenero cha North Caucasus Elbrus ndi "mkulu", "muyaya ayezi phiri la chimwemwe." pachimake lino, monga nthano, anali yekhayo otsala m'dziko pambuyo Chigumula. Zidzasintha ukulu ndi kukongola kwa mapiri a Caucasus anamusilira alakatuli anaimba Pushkin lake A. S. ndi Lermontov M. Yu.

Tsopano, alendo ndi okonda kutsetsereka ndi ulendo maholide mungasangalale pamwamba pa achisangalalo otchuka Russian.

Pa Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo otsetsereka mkulu wa Phiri Elbrus anali ndewu yeniyeni. The chimbuzi cha Russia analandidwa asilikali German, ndi Zolinga za Nazi Lamulo anadzatchedwa lalikulu kwambiri chimphona migodi European mu "liwiro Hitler." Komabe, yozizira ya 1943, asilikali analanda Soviet Army okwera achilendo ochokera Elbrus.

phiri mamita zikwi zisanu

Zovuta ndi Mipikisano faceted madera a Russia ali mfundo ina 71, omwe kuposa chizindikiro cha mamita 4000. A mapiriwo awa 67 zili Wamkulu Caucasus, mapiri awiri zili Altai, atatu - mu Kamchatka.

Pakuti mamita zikwi zisanu amagwiritsa ntchito chimbuzi cha Russia - Elbrus zokongola, komanso wina nsonga zisanu ndi ziwiri za Caucasus.

Dykhtau - Caucasus wachiwiri kukula nsonga (5204 m). Chifukwa steepness wa malo otsetsereka, zizoloŵezi miyala ndi madzi oundana ndi imodzi mwa nsonga Russia ndi yovuta kwambiri. Choncho anagonjetsa anali patapita zaka zambiri Phiri Elbrus, mu 1888. Angayerekeze kukwera phiri ndi kokha ambiri anakumanapo ndi wosachiritsika okwera.

Koshtantau -. Peak kutalika mamita 5152 pafupifupi nsonga kwambiri kuwerengedwa kwa Caucasus Mountains. Ndaligonjetsa yekha mu 1899. Iwo ali zapadera ndi oundana zidzasintha nsangalabwi.

Peak Pushkin - kutalika kwa 5033 mamita dzina lake polemekeza centenary imfa ndakatulo za .. Fantastically inali pakati pa mapiri awiri - East Dykhtau ndi pachimake Borovikova. Wokongola, wamphamvu ndi lakuthwa phiri nsanja pa nsonga zina, okwera dzina "gendarme".

Dzhangi-matchalitchi anayamba - "New Mountain" kutalika mamita 5085. Ili m'malire a dziko la Russia ndi Georgia ndi mbali ya Bezengi makoma, ndi mfundo zake apamwamba. Pachimake otchuka imatengedwa kuti ndi Crest ya mapiri ndipo kupikisana mutu wa yabwino kwambiri kukwera. Iwo ali pafupifupi pamwamba wotchuka kwambiri ndi okwera.

Shkhara. Panopa, kutalika kwa phiri akuti ndi chilemba cha mamita 5068, koma chithunzi ichi si koma komaliza. Ndaligonjetsa mu 1888. Ndiyamika mawonekedwe ake zachilendo, dongosolo lapadera ndi malo ambiri a malo ankaona okongola kwambiri nsonga, zimene chokongoletsedwa ndi phiri lalitali Russia. Shkhara intricately wapangidwa ndi miyala granitic ndi timibulu kukongoletsa pachimake m'mapanga ndi m'mapanga chongoyerekeza. Pa zomenyanazo wa pachimake ndi awiri a kwambiri zidzasintha Caucasus glacier - Bezengi ndi Shkhara kuti kukhetsa mitsinje achisanu ndi misty mathithi mapeto. Apa ndi gwero la Inguri Mtsinje.

Lodziwika bwino Kazbek - kunyada kwa aliyense Caucasus. Kutalika kwa 5033,8 m. Dzina The anamasuliridwa kuchokera ku zinenero zosiyana "kusungunuka ayezi ndi phiri loyera pamwamba." Chitunda koyamba mu 1868. Zimatanthauza kugona kuphulika. zochita zake mu 2002 zinachititsa kuti tsoka mu Karmadon gorge.

M'mapanga Kazbek, pamalo okwera mamita 3800, ndi wakale Chijojiya agulupa ya Betelehemu kubadwa kwa Yesu powonekera. Ndipo malinga ndi nthano za Chechens, kuti phiri ili anamangiriridwa Titan Prometheus.

Vertex Mijirghi - otsiriza zikwi zisanu mamita wa Caucasus ndi Russia. Amakhala mapiri awiri: kumadzulo (okwera 5025 m) ndi East (mamita 4927) - awiri yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda lokwera pa phiri lokwera.

Linapereka kwa okwera

Ngati mountaineer anagonjetsa chimbuzi cha Russia (ichi Phiri Elbrus), ndi ena asanu nsonga zazitali kwambiri za Caucasus, ndi mapiri awiri zambiri, Chitaganya mapiri kupereka mutu wa "Snow nyalugwe Russia".

Belukha Mountain (4509 m) amatanthauza "atatu mutu pachimake cha Katun." Kwathunthu woyera ndi phiri lalikulu la Altai Mountains. Amakhala mapiri awiri ndi saddles Belugas kutalika 4000 m. Chifukwa cha nyengo nkhanza anagonjetsa yekha mu 1914.

Yogwira kuphulika ndi chimbuzi ku Russia ndi Eurasian Africa - Klyuchevskaya Sopka (okwera amasintha 4750-4850, pambuyo kuphulika mu 2013 - 4835 m). Iwo anagonjetsedwa ndi oyamba mu 1788. Chimaimira layering basalt chiphalaphala. Kuphulika zimachitika nthawi zambiri, phulusa kutalika mpaka kufika 8 Km.