The kwambiri mapulani zipilala wa St. Petersburg: mndandanda, maonekedwe, chithunzi

Anawasonyeza zovuta - kamangidwe zipilala wa St. Petersburg a mbali yapadera ya mbiri mzinda, ngakhale kuti unali likulu wamng'ono wa dziko. Wolemekezeka St. Petersburg bwino ndinaganiza nyumba zonse ambiri, Kugwirizana chodabwitsa ensembles zonse m'matauni ndi mgwirizano mu kalembedwe polyphony polingalira otsika-ofunika kwambiri chilengedwe. Mfundo imeneyi ndi wofunika kwa dziko la chisunzo ndi mapulani zipilala wa St. Petersburg.

Masitaelo ndi mbuye

Nyumba mumzinda ochuluka monga khumi osiyana masitaelo a kamangidwe, waukulu angatchedwe Baroque - Petro ndi Elizabeth, Classicism, Ufumu, Akasakaniza, masiku ano constructivism. Chitaliyana Baroque - maluwa nthawi ya absolutism - kuchokera 16 mpaka 18 atumwi. Apa m'chigonjetso zovuta curvilinear, mphamvu, ulemerero ndi quirkiness. Kamangidwe zipilala wa St. Petersburg ndi kalembedwe ndi kusintha kwambiri.

Petulo zomangamanga ku Russia wotchedwa "Pantchito Russian ndi" kuonekera ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi mwambo Byzantine ntchito yomanga kachisi. Russian Baroque - pophatikizana a masitaelo awiriwa. Komabe, Moscow ndi Baroque Peter zimasiyana osati Chrixitu komanso mokulirapo - kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Ngati Tikayerekeza zipilala kamangidwe ka St. Petersburg a Petrovsky lothandiza likulu la mzinda akale Italy kapena French, inu akhoza kutsimikizira izi.

Baroque Petulo

Tsar Peter zosangalatsa kuitana mapulani ku West, ndi chifukwa cha German-Dutch-Chitaliyana French co-chilengedwe cha zodabwitsazi adanyamuka St. Petersburg kalembedwe. Zinali Wamkulu kumpoto nkhondo, nyumba zinamangidwa pafupifupi overhauled, zinawonongeka kwathunthu nkhuni msanga.

Koma ngakhale panali nyumba kuti mukudziwa m'nthawi kwathu: doko la zombo zapanyanja, doko, chinyumba - ndi mamangidwe mophweka, lalifupi, adaletsa ndipo ndiyanzeru analenga muulamuliro yofunika kwambiri Dutch ndi Germany.

Stucco, pakhonde msika sanali, koma pamakoma nthawi zambiri pediments, volutes, pilasters, ndi denga - spiers zomwe zikutsindika za mbali zonse ofukula ndi yopingasa. Mkati nyumbayi nthawi zambiri anakonza ndi Maapatimenti a. Ngakhale zili choncho, nyumba ya zida zimbudzi chamadzi ndi madzi.

zitsanzo

Kachisi ndi mpanda zomangamanga linali losavuta, koma kaso belu nsanja ya Petro ndi Paulo Cathedral, mpingo Saint Panteleimon, Petro ndi Paulo Linga ndi Peter ake Chipata Chilimwe Palace la Peter Wamkulu, Menshikov Palace, khumi Collegia, Kikin Komiti ya Curiosities, Alexander Nevsky Lavra, Chitaliyana yachifumu mu Kronstadt . The mapulani a nthawi: MG Zemtsov, Domenico Trezzini, A. Schluter, JB Leblon, G. Mattarnovi, JM Fontana.

Elizaveta Petrovna

mwana Petra Velikogo anali kutali ndi nyumba zokhumba atate wake, koma onse a m'nthawi yake kutsatira maganizo a Western European Baroque mu maonekedwe ake angwiro kwambiri, chifukwa ufumu m'dzanja lake linali njala ulemerero, ukulu ndi ulemerero. Kamangidwe zipilala wa St. Petersburg cha m'ma 18 momveka kwambiri zimaonetsa kalembedwe wonse wa mzindawo. Anamangapo lalikulu aang'ono, akachisi zinyumba, zachifumu - zonse zojambula kwambiri kukongoletsa ndi pulasitiki, ndi masitepe lonse mkati, ndi tiers awiri a mawindo ndi zipinda zazikulu zokhala ndi zipinda.

The Interiors nthawi anali fantastically whimsical, ndi kuchuluka kwa chosema, chosema zokongoletsa ndi yazokonza pansi unatengera ndi kalirole. Analimbitsa mitundu Baroque pamodzi ndi oyika dongosolo. Izo anayambanso kumanga mipingo zisanu ozungulira, anabwerera mwambo wa chosema gilded iconostasis ndi Russian kachisi chokongoletsera malamulo Byzantine. Ndipo tsopano alendo akhonza kulowa ulemerero wa kalembedwe, amene kusungidwa zipilala kamangidwe ka St. Petersburg.

Mwachidule za ambuye ndi nyumba

nthawi iyi zachifumu, ndithudi, Rastrelli, koma iwo anagwira ntchito pambali ndi FS Argun, ndi SI Chevakinsky ndi AV Kvass ndi P. Trezzini ndi AF Whist. zaka makumi awiri asanamvetsetse 1760 Anichkov zinamangidwa mu Elizabethan Baroque Stroganov ndi Vorontsov zachifumu, Smolny Cathedral, Catherine Palace mu Tsarskoye Selo, ndi Zima Palace ndi Great Peterhof, Naval Cathedral ndi zina zambiri.

Ekaterina Velikaya

Zaka makumi awiri, yomanga St. Petersburg anachita pansi pa chizindikiro cha absolutism ŵakusanga ndi kalembedwe classicism oyambirira. Nyumba zimapezeka harmonically analamula, ndi kupita patsogolo kuphweka ndi wopambana pa nthawi yomweyo - monga khadi malonda dziko chosaneneka.

Zizindikiro - dongosolo wakale, monumentality, kudziletsa, chirichonse kusungidwa nyumba chakale ka zipilala kamangidwe ka St. Petersburg. Photo kufotokoza chingatithandize kusiyanitsa ndi classicism oyambirira a mitundu inayo.

Nyumba mu kalembedwe classicism oyambirira

Panopa Administration Building RGPU pa Moika - nyumba yachifumu wakale Chiwerengero Razumovsky, amene anamanga AF Kokorinov ndi JB Vallin de A La Mothe, anali mmodzi wa oyamba kumanga oyambirira-chakale-kalembedwe. zomangamanga ndi zinthu zooneka wa Korinto ndipo amaayoni malamulo, ziboliboli, Arcade, koma mphamvu ya Baroque zambiri noticeable. Front pabwalo ndi zipata yaikulu ndi mkulu mpanda imasonyeza ndi chofunika kwa nyumbayi.

Kamangidwe zipilala wa St. Petersburg, yomwe ndi mndandanda wautali kwambiri mphatso ndi zolengedwa zina aluso amenewa luso. Iwo Repin Institute pa University Embankment, 17, ndi kale panali Imperial Academy of Wabwino Tirhana; St. Petersburg State University nyumba pa padoko, 9, kale - vuto la masewero a mpira; Yusupov Palace. Vallin de A La Mothe LOYIMIKIDWIRA atapachikidwa Garden ndi North Pavilion wa Hermitage Small. Yuri Felten, wophunzira Rastrelli anamanga sukulu ya atsikana Mfilistiyo, Large Hermitage, Mpingo Chiameniya, tchalitchi cha Lutheran pa Vasilyevsky Island ndi mpingo wa St. Anne pa Kirochnaya, 8.

okhwima classicism

Kwathunthu wopanda mbali nyumba Baroque anamanga pambuyo 1780, komanso a Catherine classicism. Iwo mosamalitsa kutsatira chakale malamulo a Vitruvius ndi Palladio - amakona anayi symmetrical masanjidwe, ntchito kwambiri arcades, zipilala, pediments, pakhonde. Interiors ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi kuchokera ku ziboliboli yakale yoyendera ndi mbali zambiri za chitukuko wakale.

The mpainiya kalembedwe St. Petersburg anakhala Cameron, nthawi yomweyo ntchito VI Bazhenov, D. Kvarnegi, IE Chakale Na Lions. ntchito zawo - mogwirizana ndi compositional chokwanira, conciseness ndi mitundu Kugwirizana. A chitsanzo chapadera - ndi Tauride Palace.

Pavlovsky classicism

Izi zaka zisanu mpaka 1801 akupereka pang'ono chikondi buku la classicist zomangamanga, amene bwino motengera kalembedwe Gothic. Izi makamaka Chesme Palace wamanga YM Felten - triangular mawonekedwe ndi zinthu Gothic mu mawonekedwe a turrets, imodzi Lancet mazenera ndi parapets.

Kamangidwe zipilala wa St. Petersburg kudzadza ndi kum'mwera mitundu European Mikhailovsky Castle, kumene classicism wangwiro - ndi pamakoma chachikulu ndi kum'mwera a m'midzi. Castle zikuwoneka azitengapo, molimba mtima, cornices katundu kumpoto wapakamwa amatikumbutsa knightly zisoti.

classicism Alesandro

Kuloŵedwa m'malo a ufumu Russian anakhala classicism Alesandro, amene nthawi zambiri kuzindikiridwa ndi kalembedwe Ufumu. Alexander I kaŵirikaŵiri anaitanidwa mapulani yachilendo, makamaka French.

Choncho, kumanga nthawi imeneyi kusiyanitsa kuyeza Doric kapena Tuscan malamulo ndi mizati lolemera. Kupezeka sphinxes ndi zinthu zina za Aigupto Chitsitsimutso zomangamanga. Opulumutsidwa mizere okhwima, olemekezeka, yaikulu zithunzi ndi yosavuta kumva za silhouette lapansi.

Zitsanzo za choyamba koyilo Ufumu

Kalembedwe uyu wa St. Petersburg zipilala mapulani ukufanizidwa ndi nyumba Migodi Institute pa Vasilyevsky Island, opangidwa kuchokera zojambula A. Vorohnina. Zitoliro pa ndime Doric makamaka bwino kuunikila kalembedwe ofanana ndi makachisi wakale, ziboliboli mulimonse Antaeus, Hercules ndi Proserpina alipo kumeneko.

Ngakhale zambiri wotchuka ntchito za mbuye - Kazan Cathedral. Mfumu Paulo, amene cholinga, anafuna kubwereza Vatican ndi St. Peter, ndipo mwatsatanetsatane kufanana Tingaone: mapulani wonse, ndi mphamvu chapakati mzikiti, mu tchalitchi elongated ndi pakalibe belu nsanja. Lang'anani, ndi ulemerero weniweni wa Nevsky Prospekt.

Mkulu classicism (Buluka)

Koposa china chilichonse kalembedwe ichi ntchito Tom de A Thomon: milimo ya Bolshoi Theatre (mwatsoka, pali bwinobwino), kunyumba kwa wotchuka Laval latsopano zovuta kumsika ndi Malovu a Vasilyevsky Island (mizati rostral, kwambiri). Musakayikire kuti chimagwiritsidwa spaced mizati anawonjezera kuti Stock Kusinthanitsa malo omangapo nyumba ndipo zikugwirizana ndi zikuchokera Nevsky Prostor. Ndipo milimo palokha, ndipo ndime rostral chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli ophiphiritsa.

Pa nthawi yomweyo adakweza otchuka milimo ya Admiralty - chizindikiro cha mzindawo pa Neva Mtsinje - wazomangamanga AD Zakharov. Inatha pomanga yapita, amene anali yekha chigawo chapakati cha wotchuka spire wamanga IK Korobov. Pamakoma kupeza zosiyanasiyana, koma rhythmic kwambiri chifukwa pakhonde yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda ndi mizati Tuscan (by njira, pa malo a mzati ndi kukhala amaayoni). Choncho alimbane gulu loyimba ya Senate, ndi St. Isaac Palace Square ndi Alexander Garden. Pa nthawi yomweyo, wamanga Quarenghi anamanga Smolny Institute - komanso kalembedwe mkulu zachikhalidwe.

Russian Ufumu

Zizindikiro za Russian Ufumu - chikondwerero kugonjetsa Bonaparte: dongosolo chakale kuti ndi zambiri zofanana kuoneka mizati chamadzulo, arches kupambana, zomangamanga yophatikiza ziboliboli zambiri, nyumba chokongoletsedwa ndi mphungu, mlombwa nkhata, zida ndi zina asilikali ophiphiritsa.

Olamulira otchuka kwambiri umenewu - VP Stas ndi KI Rossi. Yotsirizira ndi molimba mtima kwambiri kusandulika danga m'tauni, m'mene anamanga Palace Square ndi nyumba ya General Wogwila, Senate Square ndi Synod ndi Senate, Alexandrinsky zisudzo m'deralo. Kamangidwe zipilala wa St. Petersburg udzaonetsera chithunzi kwambiri kuposa kulongosola kulikonse. The kwambiri chifukwa cha chiwerengero chawo chachikulu sangathe kulongosola danga la Nkhani wina waufupi.