The wamanga wa Zima Palace ku St. Petersburg

Nyumba likulu mpoto kwa Russia lili ndi mayina otchuka. Apa ife ntchito mu mtima wa mafumu ndi olemekezeka zipilala monga Rossi, Quarenghi, Rastrelli, Montferrand, Felten, Trezzini ndi ena ambiri. Tiyeni tikambirane za zotsatira za mmisiri wamkulu wa St. Petersburg, mlengi wa wapakamwa waukulu mumzinda lodabwitsa ili, lalikulu Palace Square ndi zonse za m'nthawi ya kulenga otchedwa okhwima Baroque mu Russia. Izi, kumene, za yozizira. Kuwulula dzina la tate wake. Izi wamanga Rastrelli. The Zima Palace si korona wa ntchito za mmisiri wotchuka, koma ndi chipilala kamangidwe ka m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu.

ntchito Early

Zima Palace wamanga, anabadwa mu Paris mu 1700, pamene bambo ake - ndi ziboliboli Italy - kuika kwambiri khama kuonetsetsa kuti kukhala talente, kamodzi aona mwana. Ataphunzira ku Paris, Rastrelli mu 1716 ndi bambo anga anasamukira ku Russia. Poyamba, wamanga tsogolo la Zima Palace anali kugwira ntchito yothandiza kwa atate wake, koma mu 1722 anayamba ntchito yake mu dziko latsopano ndi zedi. Mpaka chaka 30, anapita ku Ulaya, makamaka Italy, Germany, France. Cholinga cha oyang'anira izi angatchedwe maphunziro. Panthawi imeneyi, anasankha zinthu zambiri kwa olamulira European, kupanga masomphenya awo kalembedwe Baroque, omwe amangidwa kusonyeza yokha mu mapepala poyamba anaonekera mu 30s za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu.

nthawi oyambirira

Tsogolo wamanga wa Zima Palace analenga nyumba angapo matabwa Moscow mu 1730 ndi kuti Anny Ioannovny unachitika mpandowachifumu pa nthawi. Pasanapite atasamukira ku likulu lakale la Mfumukazi likulu kumpoto, mu 1732, amatenga polojekiti Rastrelli Zima Palace, ndi wachitatu, koma osati koma otsiriza. Komanso, awiri a yachifumu Biron anapanga nthawi imeneyi. Ndipo ludzu kwa Baroque bwino aumbike mwa ntchito kumvetsa ndipo zikuluzikulu pa nthawi yomweyo la tsiku.

Palace mu Peterhof

Maluwa luntha Rastrelli akubwera pa nthawi ya mapangidwe mphamvu ya Mfumukazi Elizabeth. Iye analandira malangizo ofunda ntchito zikuluzikulu kwambiri m'dziko. Ntchito za ambuye anapanga nkhope ya Russian ndi dziko zomangamanga. Mwanaalirenji mapeto limaimira mphamvu ndi chuma cha ufumuwo. Pa malo pano Nyumbayi Engineering amalima latsopano yotentha yachifumu ndi mkazi woyamba wa boma. Mu nthawi ya zaka kuyambira 1746 mpaka 1755, chifukwa cha khama la wamanga, limatuluka tsopano wotchuka onse pa dziko Grand Peterhof Palace. Kuyambira 1752 ndi 1756 - mosalephera wotchuka Tsarskoye Selo Palace. Iwo anafika kutchuka mayiko ndi mtima osankhika apamwamba boma.

Tsarskoye Selo Palace

Large, kapena Catherine Palace, anakhala ku Tsarskoye Selo - zambiri kukambirana osiyana. Dziko wotchuka nyumba ali ndi ndalama zosaneneka za katswiri wa zomangamanga, atagwira erection wake. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zolengedwa wotchuka kwambiri, anatsogolera mbuye korona cholowa wake wonse, chifukwa kenako mwaluso analengedwa, amene tsopano m'nyumba imodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi wolemera kwambiri mu dziko - yozizira Palace ku St. Petersburg. The wamanga kuika mu zonse awo yaikulu anapeza kuti zinachitikira nthawi ndi pazipita talente, kupereka nyumbayi, yomwe lero chimakopa anthu mamiliyoni amapita kukaona.

Yozizira Palace

Choncho, katswiri wa zomangamanga wa Zima Palace analanda yomanga ake mu 1754. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mbuye, mu zaka osati kunyengedwa chabe osankhika a dziko chikhalidwe ndi ndale koma analinso nthawi imeneyi Podzazidwa, manganani wina yotchuka zipilala kamangidwe ka otchedwa okhwima Baroque, zomwe, poyamba, ali otha tsiku lake. nyumbayi udzatha pafupifupi kwathunthu ndi 1762. Uku alidi otchuka. Kumbali ndi chachikulu chatsekedwa mabwalo ndi khonde. The wapakamwa choyang'ana Palace Square - ndi mogometsa mu mawonetseredwe ake apamwamba.

Kozama ndi woona, mwambo woika dongosolo sakanakhoza bwino anatsindika. N'zachidziwikire kuti zimenezi ndi zimene ziri kutsindika anali mmisiri wa Zima Palace. Pamene Petro 1, mwachitsanzo, izi pretentiousness mapeto sanapatsidwe chidwi chirichonse, koma Elizabeth, mwana wake wamkazi, wokondedwa apamwamba, ndipo nthawi zonse pakati pa yekha, kuphatikizapo zomangamanga.

Ndipo yozizira onse. Onse wapakamwa (ndi amene amapita ku embankment, ndi wina pa Palace Square) mogwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa yokongola, mwanaalirenji, obsessive Akuti mafumu Russian anali kukonda zabwino. N'chifukwa chake mpaka tsopano mu Petersburg chatsanulidwa nambala yaikulu anthu panokha kuona exteriors izi zazikulu ndi Interiors ndi zaka zoposa ziwiri zapitazo.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Kuyenera inanena kuti pa nthawi yomweyo analenga chipilala ofunika a zomangamanga. Wotchuka Smolny Cathedral inamangidwa zaka 1748-1764. Monga mukudziwa, Catherine, amene anakwera pa mpando wachifumu mu 1762, sanali pretentiousness okhwima Baroque zomangamanga. Izi ingawonongetse udindo wovomerezeka ndi boma la maestro lapansi. Poyamba iye basi kutsanzika, ndiyeno kwathunthu anapita ku Switzerland, osati kudikira akamaliza otsiriza a chilengedwe chake - cha Smolny Cathedral. Rastrelli anafa 1771, malinga ndi umboni wa munthu - mu Switzerland, pa zina - mu Russian. njakata zikusonyeza yekha kuti chinsinsi cha ntchito kale lodziwika bwino kwa wotchuka mlengi ya mfumu St. Petersburg pamakoma ndi Interiors.

Komabe, m'malo ingloriously, anamaliza masiku wake wotchuka wamanga wa Zima Palace, pamene Petro anayamba ntchito yake yayikulu, ndipo pamene Catherine wamaliza izo. Koma chilengedwe chake ndipo tsopano modzidzimutsa. Ndipo, ngakhale zonse, m'dzina la mmisiri wa Zima Palace anakhala zaka mmodzi wa aakulu.