Tsoka ku Kazan: zimayambitsa, katswiri ndemanga, chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti "wakuda bokosi"

Kuti tsiku, November 17, 2013, pa ndege Kazan kanthu presaged tsoka. Ntchito zonse lapadziko zikugwira ntchito bwinobwino ndipo anali kukonzekera kutenga Boeing-737, akuchita ndege U9-363 ndipo anamaliza anathaŵa ku Moscow. Koma tsoka analamula ayi. Pa 19 HR. Mph 23. Moscow nthawi, swooping pa njira yovuta kwa iye, ndege inagwera mu msewu wonyamukira ndege ya. Tsoka ankanena za anthu makumi asanu amene anali pa nthawi pa bolodi.

Mafunso amene sanalandire ayankhe

Ndege ngozi mu Commission Kazan wa Kufufuza wakhala anaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane, womwenso oimira Interstate Aviation Committee, ndi Federal Air Transport Agency ndi chiwerengero cha m'madipatimenti ena. Zipangizo izi kudziwa tsatanetsatane wa zimene zinachitika. Mu December 2015 anaona amasulidwe ndi Chikalata chimene boma wasenza mwa iwo, yakuti "Report Final".

Komabe, akatswiri anthu wamba Kazan tsoka kumanzere mafunso ambiri sanapeze yankho mu chikalata ichi, ndi pamene palibe tsatanetsatane monga mukudziwa, pali mphekesera ndi nkhambakamwa. Tiyeni tiyese pamaziko a zipangizo kudziwika kwa angakwanitse tsoka overcast November madzulo mu 2013 pabwalo la ndege ku likulu la Tatarstan.

linatsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa ndege

Pa tsiku limenelo, anachoka mu ora 18. Mph 25. ku msewu wonyamukira ndege Domodedovo International Airport, Boeing-737 walunjika Kazan. Pa bolodi, kupatula anthu ogwira ntchito mwa iwo anali oyendetsa awiri ndi atumiki ndege zinayi, anali okwera makumi anayi. Ine makamaka ndikufuna kutchula kuti ngozi mu Kazan inapha anthu ochepa nkhope amamudziwa, zouluka ndegeyi. Pakati pawo - mutu wa Republican FSB Antonov, mwana wa pulezidenti wa Tatarstan I. Minnikhanov, wotchuka Chess player G. Rashitova, komanso abale a ndemanga ya TV "Russia-2" R. Skvortsova.

Sam yonyamula serviced ndi tsiku kuti kuthawa 363, anali nthawi kuwona kwambiri mu moyo wanga. Iye woyamba adakwatira mlengalenga mu 1990, ndipo zaka makumi atatu a utumiki, ntchito m'magulu asanu lonse. Asanakhale chuma cha Tatarstan, anatumikira mu ndege wachibadwidwe wa Bulgaria, Ireland, Brazil, Uganda ndi France. Nthawi zina Mwamunayu zimachitika pa umphawi wadzaoneni. Kamodzi iye anakana galimotoyo, ndipo oyendetsa anamuika pa "mimba." Nthawi ina panali depressurization la kanyumba.

Oyendetsa amene ananyamula ndege mlengalenga

Pamene Commission ya Kufufuza tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane nkhani lenileni la ndege amene anathamanga ndege tsiku limenelo kudwala-fated, iye ananena momveka bwino kuti anthuwo analibe luso. Kuchokera ku zipangizo Mlandu umene mkulu - Rustem Salikhov, popeza ntchito mu ndege "Tatarstan" zoposa makumi awiri zaka Komabe, pa helm la ndegeyo Boeing-737 kunali rookie.

Atangowerenga anaulukira monga kuyenda panyanja ndi maphunziro unachitika mu lithe ndi nthawi pakati maphunziro. Ofufuza anachititsa chikaiko chilolezo Wamkulu ndi pakati, komanso kumbali ya Salikhov woyendetsa malonda chilolezo.

mnzake - Co-woyendetsa V. Gutsul - popeza ntchito pakampaniyo kwa zaka zisanu zokha mu 2011 anatenga helm wa Boeing-737. Poyamba iye anali kuthawa injiniya, ndipo komanso mkulu wa asilikaliwo, analibe zinachitikira okwanira ndege.

Emergency zinthu pa bolodi

Kazan ndege anakumana kukhala zapamadzi ofooka mvula chisanu ndi stratocumulus. Komabe, aone si makilomita osakwana khumi, amene amalola zithunzi polojekiti mode. Kuimba nyimbo pa liwiro la 250 Km / h yachibadwa ankafika njira pa mtunda wa pafupi 500 meters kuyambira chiyambi cha msewu wonyamukira ndege ya, woyendetsa adamnenera nthaka ya pakutchulidwa za vuto mwadzidzidzi pa bolodi. Malinga ndi iye, ndege anali mu "vneposadochnom" malo, atatsamira kudzanja lamanja la olamulira msewu wa makilomita anayi.

Mfundozi kwathunthu mogwirizana ndi deta Mtsogoleri ndege pamaziko a kuwerenga. njira anapangidwa basi. Kazan ndege wakhala okonzeka ndi pakompyuta ndege dongosolo atsopano malangizo pa msewu wonyamukira ndege olamulira, ndipo n'chifukwa kukanidwa, anakhalabe bwinobwino. Mwina chombo anagwetsa motsogozedwa ndi gust amphamvu a mphepo.

Muzionetsetsa anafuna kuitana kwa kubwera kwachiwiri. mchitidwe uwu chitachitidwa basi ntchito dongosolo TOGA, anakonzedwa kuthandiza oyendetsa zinthu mwadzidzidzi, ndipo outputting ndege ndi thandizo la nyumba ili pansi pa ikamatera malo. Kumayambiriro wakhala anaphedwa bwinobwino, koma pa mapeto ake, chinachake chinachitika ndi chifukwa chakuti panali ngozi ndege Kazan.

Buku kunyalanyaza

Mu lipoti wake Interstate Aviation Committee ananena kuti pamene acoka ankafika ndege ndi kulamulira mu mode Buku. Monga tanena ndi oyendetsa okha bwino kasamalidwe gulu la Boeing-737, mapeto izi zikutanthauza kuti pa nthawi imene Baibulo la kusintha kwa woyendetsa wachiwiri adamkwatira kugwira chiongolero, motero disabling pa Autopilot, omwe amasonyeza makina kutalika ankafuna.

Mogwirizana ndi kufufuza imachitika ngozi mu Kazan, pachiyambi cha zochita zake zinali zolondola ndi chikufanana kuchita pankhondo. Monga tikuonera kenako ndege zojambulira, yotengedwa pambuyo ngozi ya bokosi wakuda, ndi zapamadzi anachoka mu mode pafupi zofunika kwambiri. kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke wake anawatengera ku malo ndi anayamba kukwera kuti tipitirize kuzemba. Ndipo kotero panthawi imeneyi panali pangozi ya galimoto, itawonongedwa zotsatira mu Kazan mu 2013.

N'zotheka woyendetsa zolakwa

Mwachionekere, chifukwa woyendetsa zolakwa ndege mphuno anakwera mmwamba zikuchepa ndi kufika mbali yapadera Boeing-737 pa ° 25. Iye anayamba kukwera, koma udindo wa makina wotulutsa kukana olimba otaya mpweya chimadza, zomwe zinachititsa dontho mu liwiro kuti 278 Km / h kwa 231 Km / h.

Poganizira, m'pofunika kuti, malinga ndi akatswiri, pa mphindi ino wadutsa oopsa kufika poti silingakonzedwenso. Anamwalira liwiro, ndege adalowa "khola" ndipo anapatsidwa kuti okwera anali pa mphindi yaing'ono kwambiri linanena bungwe kuchokera pachimake - mamita 700, kudzampulumutsa kunali kosatheka.

Adalira anachitapo kanthu pofuna kuchepetsa ngodya ya ndege ndipo pamanja, kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wa mizati chiwongolero, ndinayesetsa kukhotetsa sitimayo mu mode kuchepetsa. Koma atafa liwiro zofunika, ndege anayamba mofulumira zimazunzitsa pachimake kupita pansi, kusunthira pa ngodya 70 °. dontho zikuchitika kwa pafupi twente masekondi, ndipo kenako pa liwiro la 450 km / ola pafupifupi vertically inagwera mu msewu wonyamukira ndege ya.

The mphindi choyamba pambuyo Ronaldo

Phokoso la kuphulika titangomva anamveka makilomita angapo. Pa liquidation zotsatira ntchito moto mwadzidzidzi ndege ntchito mpaka m'mawa. Only pamene moto kwathunthu chimatha, ntchito anayamba ndi oimira boma akufufuza. Kodi anawaona Inabuka mantha. Pa nthawi ya ngozi liwiro zinali zokwera kuti palibe anthu anali mu ndege panalibe mwayi yothawira. Tsoka ku Kazan anatembenuka Mipikisano matani makina mu zinyalala wopanda mawonekedwe anamwazikana patali ndithu. Obwerawa adagona zidutswa iskroshennye wa fuselage, mipando, katundu ndi matupi a anthu ...

Mantha anagwira anthu amene lero anabwera ndege amakakumana ndi anzawo ndiponso achibale awo. Mu mphindi woyamba, palibe mmodzi wa iwo hadapikhulupire tayu mu zenizeni zimene zinachitika. Kwa ambiri a chiyembekezo chatha anali n'kutheka kuti kulakwitsa kwachitika pa mndandanda galimotolo ndi mabanja awo sanali pa bolodi. Dziko lonse linali mu umodzi ndi anthu amene achibale awo ndi anzawo. Masiku amenewo, mu Russian ndi achilendo m'zofalitsira anali kwambiri repeatable mawu "ngoziyo", "Kazan", "ndi Boeing".

Kwa ulemerero wa oyendetsa takisi ndiyenera kunena kuti usiku uno iwo sanakweze mitengo, kutenga mwayi. Komanso, magalasi anapachikidwa pa kutsogolo kwawo mbale magalimoto lolembedwa kuti: "Kwa mzinda kwaulere," naturutsa kotero aliyense amene Zinkafunikiradi kuti ku Kazan - ndi mavuto November 17 logwirizana anthu. Pa nkhani imeneyi, sindikufuna kukumbukira mmene zinthu zawo Moscow anzake mu 2014, pamene Ronaldo zinachitika mu Moscow okwerera sitima.

Chiyambi cha pofufuza

Imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri za boma akufufuza ankafuna "mabokosi wakuda" - basi ndege zojambulira, amene ali ndege ndi magawo onse negotiated oyendetsa pamaso pa ngozi ya ku Kazan. Posachedwa mwa zinyalala la ndegeyo anali kupeza wolemba parametric, lokhazikika onse zipangizo ntchito ndi zipangizo zamagetsi.

Iye anali mu chikhalidwe zowonongeka, komabe chidwi kwambiri kwa pofufuza. Iwo anathamangira ku Moscow, kumene decoding deta yake chiyani akatswiri a Interstate Committee Aviation. zowawa kuti apeze chojambulira mawu ndipo mukumva mawu a ndege kwa mphindi zingapo asanamwalire.

Ndi zosadabwitsa kuti kenako onse oyendetsa zokambirana anakhala pagulu. Ambiri a iwo ali pansi kusankha Committee anakhalabe unpublished. Izi yomweyo wafunsira nkhambakamwa kuti mwina cockpit pa nthawi ya ngozi anali mmodzi wa VIP-anthu zouluka ndegeyi, ndipo monga Motero, pali kukayikirana - sanatumikirepo ngati zochita zake umasinthasintha chifukwa zadzidzidzi lapansi. Ndi nkhani wamba - zotsatira za chete ndi nkhambakamwa.

Zotsatira chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti "mabokosi wakuda"

Poyembekezera "mabokosi wakuda", ndi kusungidwa deta decryption zotsatira anafufuza kujambula makamera zoweta anaziika ndege. Iwo anagwira mphindi yomaliza ya sitimayo. Wake magetsi malo chizindikiro ndiponso portholes ndi umboni onse anatchula mfundo yakuti pa nthawi ya tsoka, iye anali pafupi malo choimirira. Kufufuza anali kupeza zifukwa zimene chikwiyire iye kuti achite choncho. Yankho la funso akhoza kungopereka ndege zojambulira.

Patangotha masiku awiri kuchokera Moscow analandira zotsatira waukuluwo. Komabe, chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti "wakuda bokosi", mayankho kawirikawiri mafunso anabereka atsopano. Deta parametric anasonyeza kuti adalira, kupanga njira, anakakamizika kupita kubwera kwachiwiri, koma chimene zifukwa kuwaletsa kuchita zimenezi kwa nthawi yoyamba, anakhalabe bwinobwino. Kwa oyendetsa onse Kazan ndege malo ntchito mpaka kalekale ndipo, ndithudi, wakhala bwino kuphunzira. Kodi chinachitika nthawi ino?

Iwo zododometsa anali mudziwe anasonyeza wathunthu wongokhala adalira onse pa kukwera modabwitsa inatha chimawononga mlingo ndege imfa, ndipo pa madzi wake, kapena kani, pafupifupi ofukula kugwa, umene unatha masekondi makumi awiri.

Yankho la funsoli sanapatsidwe ngakhale kuphunzira zambiri makadi thanzi ndi madalaivala zapita zotsatira zawo maganizo mayeso. Mulimonsemo, madokotala kuti zinthu zina bwino mu nthawi ya nsonga zakupha, umene unatha, monga kale, masekondi makumi awiri, kapena iwo akanakhoza kukhala mu malo amavutitsa mantha, kapena kukhala mu stupor wathunthu.

Kusaina lipoti lotsiriza bungwe la kudziwitsa

Popeza decoding a "wakuda bokosi" ndipo sanali kupereka yankho la funso za zimayambitsa ngoziyo Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti imfa ya ambiri anthu ku Boeing Corporation akatswiri ankagwira, chinkhoswe mu chitukuko cha ndege imeneyi. Iwo anathandiza wa oimira French za Mlengi wa injini, amene okonzeka zombo chitsanzo ichi.

Anaumba munthu subcommittee ntchito mpaka September 16, 2014 ndipo anagwirizana anapereka mfundo yakuti pa nthawi ya ndege ngozi anali mu chikhalidwe chabwino. Zizindikiro za luso kulephera ndege mbasowa timva njira iliyonse ya ulamuliro cholinga, zojambulira mwachitsanzo kapena makombo kupulumuka a zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi misonkhano ya yonyamula inaonongeka.

Mu April 2015 ziwalo zonse za ntchito investigative kuika anasaina zawo pansi asilikali lipoti lomaliza. Onani chikalata uyu si amene anayambitsa aliyense, kuphatikizapo woimira boma la "Russian ndege". Komanso anagwirizana ndi anthu a m'mayiko onse nawo ntchito ya lamuloli. Ena mwa iwo anali: America, France, Great Britain ndi Bermuda.

The anatsutsana maganizo a oimira "Russian ndege"

Koma patatha miyezi iwiri mgwirizano uno maganizo wawonongeka. Anasaina chikalata mosayembekezera anachoka woimira "Russian ndege". Zifukwa sizikumveka mamembala ena a ntchito, bungwe anabwerera ku Baibulo lakale zifukwa Ronaldo zinachitika mu Kazan - ndicho kukana dongosolo zikepe kulamulira. malo awo sakanakhoza kuzifotokoza, monga mchitidwe dziko limasonyeza ntchito cholakwa cha zinthu izi, ndipo komabe sipanatenge nkhani imodzi kulephera kwawo.

Ichi ndi mawu awo ndi zotsatirapo mosayembekezereka. Atsogoleri a Interstate Committee Aviation inaika lamulo malinga ndi zomwe dziko lonse suspend ntchito ndege Boeing-737 mtundu. Komabe, "Federal Air Transport Agency" ndiyeno anaumitsa - mwachidule ananyalanyaza malamulo a bungwe masanjidwe, ndi zombo anapitiriza kuwuluka chitsanzo ichi, monga ngati kanthu zinachitika.

Mavuto ndi yokonza oyeretsa ndege

Mu nthawi ya kufufuza m'munda wa view ofesi khoti linalamula kuti anali CEO wa ndege ya "Tatarstan" Vladimir Portnov. Pa iyo ziri udindo chakuti iye, monga wotsogolera ulendo wake, zaperekedwa kwa kasamalidwe ake mkulu zonyamula yonyamula Rustem Salikhov, amene, malinga ndi kufufuza za, analibe chifukwa chomveka. Mu November 2015, ndi V. Portnov anali m'ndende panyumba.

Ngoziyo (737) Kazan amakakamizidwa tcheru msinkhu wonse wa maphunziro a anthu ogwira ndege. Kunapezeka kuti zaposachedwapa, chifukwa mavuto a zachuma nako "Tatarstan", sikunali kotheka kutumiza ndalama zokwanira kukhala mlingo akatswiri a ndege. Mwa njira, vuto lomwelo akukumana ambiri mpweya yachilendo zonyamulira. Malinga ndi lipoti TV European, angapo makampani anavomereza kuti chifukwa zopinga bajeti, anakakamizika kuchepetsa maora a maphunziro woyendetsa.

Mfundo Pankhaniyi anaperekedwa sabata pamaso latsopano, 2016, pamene Interstate Aviation Committee anaperekeranji Baibulo yomaliza ya lemba la zotsatira kufufuza. Tsoka ku Kazan, zimayambitsa amene chinanena chikalata, monga olemba ake, zotsatira zake zinali za onse vuto luso la ndege, zimene ananena woimira dissent "a Russian ndege" ndi kusowa maphunziro akatswiri a ndege.

malipiro Insurance kwa mabanja ofedwa

Malinga ndi lamulo la ndegeyo, yotereyi ndi okwera zonse pa bolodi anali inshuwaransi. Motero, ndi kampani ya inshuwalansi ngozi zinachitika ndalama lolingana zidalengedwa. Awa, miliyoni 580 rubles kwa ndege 100 000 rubles imfa ya chiwalo adalira. Mabanja a anthu, ndege kuti, ndipo iwo anali anthu makumi anayi ndalandira kwa kampani inshuwalansi rubles miliyoni 2,025.

Total malipiro anakwana US $ miliyoni 9,5. Tikumbukenso kuti awa ndalama ndi poyerekeza anthu amene anali kulandira abale akufa kwa anthu oyendetsa ndi achibale ena a iwo analengeza cholinga kupeleka mlandu ndi ndege "Tatarstan" chifukwa malipiro otsika inshuwalansi. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi achibale m'basimo amene ndege otsiriza mu moyo wake. Iwo akulandira malipiro ali bwino kuderera tanthauzo lake.

Ziwerengero zokayikitsa

Mwachidule pamwamba pa zonse, m'pofunika amatchula mavuto omwe ndi Russian ndege yapachiweniweni ambiri, kusonyeza chimene chinali kuwonongeka mu Kazan. Oyendetsa ena mpweya onyamula zoweta, amene dziko lathu pali pafupifupi makumi awiri ndi ziwiri, ndi pa malo omwewo mofanana ndi ku "Tatarstan". Luso ndi chitetezo cha okwera zimadalira ndalama za ndondomeko maphunziro, ndiponso kuchuluka kwa kampani ndi zovuta kulamulira.

Ziwerengero za ngozi zimene zachitika ndege ya boma zaposachedwapa, si kuwonjezera chidaliro. Malinga ndi malipoti, Russia nkhani pafupifupi 15% peresenti ya anapha anthu onse n'zimene mpweya padziko lonse. Ngati tikambirana kuti Russian magalimoto zonyamula chimachititsa% 2.8 okha a dziko, chiwerengero cha imfa zikutipatsa mafunso za mlingo wa chitetezo cha ndege. Mu chimango cha mavuto ofanana kuzioneka ndi ngozi mu Tatarstan, imene inalipo ambiri mu mbiri ya zoweta ndege boma.